Deck 21: Therapeutic Agents for the Renal System

Question 1

Osmosis is the:

A)Exchange of Na+ and Cl- ions
B)Movement of H+ from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
C)Exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2)
D)Diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane

Answer 1

D
Osmosis is the diffusion of water from low-solute concentrations to high-solute concentrations across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 2

Acidosis is a condition in which:

A)Too many free hydrogen ions (H+) are present in the blood
B)Retention of HCO3- is present.
C)The loss of H+ is excessive.
D)All of the above are present.

Answer 2

A
Acidosis occurs when too many free H⁺ are present in the fluids of the body, and alkalosis occurs when either retention of HCO₃- occurs or the loss of H⁺ is excessive.

Question 3

Stage ____ is considered end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)5

Answer 3

D
Stage 5 is considered ESRD, during which the patient may experience severe hypertension, hyperphosphatemia, and anemia.

Question 4

Agents to treat anemia associated with kidney failure include:

A)Ferrous sulfate to increase the production of red blood cells
B)Erythropoietin to increase the production of red blood cells
C)Ferrous sulfate to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the hemoglobin in red blood cells
D)All of the above

Question 5

The most common cause of UTIs is:

A)Chlamydia
B)Escherichia coli
C)Staphylococcus aureus
D)Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 6

Where in the body can the kidneys be found?

A)Lower right abdominal cavity
B)Lower left abdominal cavity
C)Lower abdominal cavity on either side of the vertebrae
D)Upper abdominal cavity on either side of the vertebrae

Question 7

Patients with kidney disease should limit their dietary intake of:

A)Phosphate
B)Dairy products
C)Sodium
D)All of the above

Question 8

The kidneys are involved in the synthesis of all of the following except:

A)Renin
B)Erythropoietin
C)Vitamin D
D)Vitamin K

Question 9

Dialysis is used to aid ____________ by the kidneys.

A)Filtration
B)Secretion
C)Absorption
D)A and B

Question 10

What is a possible side effect of all diuretics?

A)Hypokalemia
B)Hypotension
C)Photosensitivity
D)Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

Question 11

HCO₃- is a buffer in the body that:

A)Binds H+.
B)Balances the pH of the blood.
C)Releases hydroxide (OH-).
D)A and B

Question 12

One of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States is:

A)Diabetes
B)Age
C)Glomerulonephritis
D)Pyelonephritis

Question 13

Which of the following is not a proper treatment for UTIs?

A)Septra for bacterial infections
B)Fluconazole for fungal infections
C)Tetracycline for Chlamydia infections
D)Zyloprim for gonorrheal infections

Question 14

Which of the following is not a cause of kidney stones?

A)Genetic predisposition
B)Gout
C)Excessive dietary intake of calcium
D)Hyperparathyroidism

Question 15

Cations include ______________, and anions include ______________.

A)Positively charged ions; negatively charged ions
B)Negatively charged ions; positively charged ions
C)Sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+); and chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-)
D)A and C

Question 16

The functional unit of the kidney is the:

A)Nephron
B)Loop of Henle
C)Collecting duct
D)Bowman capsule

Question 17

Hyperphosphatemia, a major issue with renal failure, can be treated with:

A)calcium acetate (PhosLo)
B)sevelamer (Renagel)
C)Tums
D)All of the above

Question 18

Nocturia is a(an):

A)Form of insomnia
B)Inability to completely evacuate the bladder
C)Nighttime urination
D)A and C

Question 19

Which of the following is not a loop diuretic?

A)bumetanide (Bumex)
B)torsemide (Demadex)
C)furosemide (Lasix)
D)spironolactone (Aldactone)

Question 20

Allopurinol (Zyloprim) is indicated for the prevention of:

A)Kidney stones
B)Gout
C)UTIs
D)A and B

Question 21

Urinary urge incontinence can be caused or exacerbated by:

A)Infection or irritation
B)Sneezing
C)Coughing
D)Weight gain

Question 22

Which of the following is not true regarding Mannitol?

A)Mannitol is only available as an injection.
B)Mannitol is a supersaturated sugar solution at room temperature.
C)Mannitol must be refrigerated.
D)Mannitol may need to be warmed and shaken before administration.

Question 23

Thiazide diuretics are used in the treatment of:

A)Edema associated with congestive heart failure (CHF)
B)Hypertension
C)Prevention of calcium kidney stones
D)All of the above

Question 24

Urolithiasis is the medical term for:

A)Kidney stones
B)Treatment to break up kidney stones
C)Urinary blockage
D)A and C

Question 25

What is an unusual side effect of phenazopyridine (Pyridium)?

A)Relief of urinary pain
B)Orange or reddish urine
C)Drowsiness
D)Thirst

Question 26

Which of the following treatments for an overactive bladder (OAB) is available in an OTC patch?

A)oxybutynin
B)tolterodine
C)trospium chloride
D)darifenacin

Question 27

A commonly prescribed thiazide diuretic is:

A)Lasix
B)Aldactone
C)Dyrenium
D)Microzide

Question 28

A nosocomial infection is a(an):

A)Sinus infection
B)UTI
C)Upper respiratory infection (URI)
D)Infection contracted in a hospital or health care facility

Question 29

A side effect common to all diuretic medications is:

A)Hypertension
B)Urinary frequency
C)Hypokalemia
D)Hyperkalemia

Question 30

What is the generic name for Aldactone?

A)spironolactone
B)triamterene
C)metolazone
D)chlorthalidone

Question 31

All of the following are potassium-sparing diuretics except:

A)spironolactone (Aldactone)
B)triamterene (Dyrenium)
C)amiloride (Midamor)
D)furosemide (Lasix)

Question 32

Plasma is mostly composed of:

A)Red blood cells
B)White blood cells
C)Water
D)A and B

Question 33

Which part of the renal and urologic system carries waste from the kidneys to the bladder?

A)Ureters
B)Urethra
C)Renal vein
D)Nephron