Deck 5: The First World Civilizations: Rome, China, and the Emergence of the Silk Road

Question 1

Julius Caesar's greatest military conquest was in North Africa, where he established the Roman province of "Africa."

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In the early Roman Empire, upper-class Roman women were excluded from public life and lost privileges and responsibilities they had obtained during the earlier Republic.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

​Christianity was formally adopted for the Roman Empire by Constantine in 320 CE.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Plebeians never gained ​political equality with the Patricians.

Question 5

Rome was

A)located in the valley of Attica.
B)located on the plain of Latium.
C)in legend, defended by the extreme bravery of Horatius.
D)an ally of Athens in the Peloponnesian War.
E)founded by the Etruscans.

Question 6

Italy had fewer rugged mountains and possessed more productive agricultural lands than Greece.

Question 7

In the 130s and 120s B.C.E., Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus advocated the seizure of the large estates owned by the aristocracy and then distribute the lands to landless Romans.

Question 8

The Edict of Milan (313 C.E.) was an attempt to outlaw Christianity and bring back the worship of the old Roman gods.

Question 9

The Second Punic War

A)saw the eventual victory of Carthage.
B)saw Hannibal invade Italy from Greece.
C)won Spain for Rome and resulted in Roman control over the western Mediterranean.
D)produced a great victory for the Romans over Hannibal at the battle of Cannae.
E)all of the above

Question 10

Roman imperialism was characterized by

A)a desire to improve the economies of conquered peoples.
B)unsuccessful diplomatic moves.
C)pure accident and fate.
D)diplomacy, strategic fortifications, road construction, and allied military support.
E)the successful employment of the phalanx.

Question 11

​With increased Romanization, Italian senators fell in number to those of provincial families.

Question 12

Members of the aristocratic governing class in Rome were known as the

A)hoplites.
B)Gracchi.
C)Latins.
D)patricians.
E)plebs.

Question 13

The government of Rome

A)was originally established as a representative democracy.
B)contained an element of republicanism from its beginnings.
C)was originally a monarchy but later became a republic.
D)was developed as a monarchy under the Celts.
E)was ruled by the upper-class plebeians.

Question 14

The plebeians

A)were less numerous than the patricians.
B)could not be elected to governmental offices before 150 C.E.
C)were less privileged and often poorer than the patricians.
D)were barred from military roles.
E)became slaves when they could not pay their debts.

Question 15

In reaction to the overwhelming influence of Greek philosophy, the Romans turned to Etruscan and Egyptian models for inspiration in artistic matters.

Question 16

The chief executive officers of the Roman Republic who were responsible for leading the Roman army into battle and administering the government were the

A)consuls.
B)praetors.
C)senators.
D)centuriates.
E)tribunes.

Question 17

In building the Roman Republic, the Romans had to defeat and expel the Greeks, Etruscans, and Phoenicians.​

Question 18

Which of the following is a true statement about the centuriate assembly?

A)It prevented the Roman army from functioning in a political role.
B)It had an organizational pattern that assured a majority for its poorest members.
C)It had the responsibilities of electing the chief magistrates and passing legislation.
D)It had the power of declaring war and peace.
E)It was abolished during the Punic Wars.

Question 19

The Pax Romana was among the chief benefits of Roman rule during the first and second centuries C.E.

Question 20

The Roman Senate

A)met, in sequence, on each of the seven hills of Rome.
B)was composed of elected representatives chosen by the slaves.
C)had 300 members who were chosen for life.
D)was led by three tribunes and five praetors.
E)was selected by the clientes.

Question 21

The key figure in the spread of Christianity outside the Jewish community was

A)Peter.
B)Paul of Tarsus.
C)Jesus.
D)Tiberius.
E)Joseph of Arimethea.

Question 22

Under ____, Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire.

A)Augustus
B)Hadrian
C)Diocletian
D)Constantine
E)Theodosius

Question 23

The Roman general who began a new system of military recruitment that made soldiers loyal to their general and not the Senate was

A)Marius.
B)Tiberius Gracchus.
C)Crassus.
D)Caesar.
E)Pompey.

Question 24

Roman construction was most notable for

A)pyramids.
B)a centralized road system to link the empire
C)latifundia
D)skyscrapers.
E)underwater harbors.

Question 25

The major stages of Roman imperial expansion before 100 B.C.E. included

A)the involvement and seizures of the Hellenistic kingdoms in the eastern Mediterranean.
B)seizure of the Atlantic coastline of northwestern Africa to outflank Carthage.
C)the defeat of the Gauls by Sulla and Pompey.
D)only military, not economic considerations.
E)revenge for the death of Cincinnatus at the hands of the Latins.

Question 26

Roman literature

A)drew heavily from Etruscan models.
B)was unusually resistant to external influences.
C)was dominated by the preeminent prose of Virgil during the Augustan Age.
D)reached it high point in the age of Augustus.
E)was almost always oriented towards philosophical subject matter.

Question 27

The success of Christianity is widely believed by historians to have been due to its

A)promise of salvation, its familiarity, and its universality.
B)complexity of initiation and its ability to satisfy people's desire to be part of a political community.
C)acceptance by Diocletian.
D)strong following among aristocratic Romans after 75 C.E.
E)anti-Semitism.

Question 28

A the Zealots were

A)a Jewish sect who established a religious community near the Dead Sea.
B)members of the Roman Emperor's private bodyguard.
C)a Jewish group who favored cooperation with Rome.
D)militant extremists who advocated the violent overthrow of Rome's rule.
E)the special Roman legions whose major function was to defend the empire from barbarians.

Question 29

The third century C.E. was notable for all of the following except

A)the official adoption of Christianity as the religion of the empire.
B)the invasion by German tribes.
C)the onset of plagues.
D)the frequent turnover of "military" emperors.
E)inroads by the Sassanid Persian empire.

Question 30

Traditional Roman religion

A)was quite similar to Jainist thought and practice in India.
B)polytheistic and mostly tolerant
C)simply transplanted from Greece
D)was replaced by Zoroastrianism during the principate.
E)could best be described as ethical monotheism.

Question 31

During the centuries of Roman history, from Republic to Empire, the paterfamilias' authority

A)increased.
B)decreased.
C)fluctuated.
D)remained the same.
E)was eliminated entirely.

Question 32

A development during the period of Julio-Claudian rule was that emperors

A)increased the responsibilities that Augustus had given the senate.
B)acted more openly as real rulers than as "first citizens of the state."
C)had fewer opportunities to act in an arbitrary and corrupt way.
D)lost power to the revitalized senate and assemblies.
E)sincerely attempted to restore the Republic

Question 33

Roman jurists were able to provide a systematic framework for Roman law because

A)they came to assume that natural law, or universal law, was based upon reason.
B)the Twelve Tables provided an enduring basis for legislation.
C)the legal interpretation of the praetors maintained legal order.
D)of the universality of the law of nations.
E)of the influence of Plato and Aristotle.

Question 34

Which of the following were among the Jewish population of Judea?

A)Latians
B)Essenes
C)Mithraists
D)Kuomintang
E)Zanj

Question 35

Octavian

A)was badly defeated by Antony and Cleopatra at Actium in 31 B.C.E.
B)gave up his military authority once he was given the title of Augustus in 27 B.C.E.
C)became emperor after a long, successful military career.
D)was awarded the title ​Imperator ​in 27 BCE
E)was the biological brother of Julius Caesar.

Question 36

Under the reigns of the five "good emperors"

A)the power of the senate increased.
B)nearly a century of chaos consumed Rome.
C)the range of responsibilities that were affected by the policies of the emperors increased.
D)public works construction decreased.
E)Rome gained control of the British Isles and the Arabian peninsula.

Question 37

The founder of the Han dynasty was

A)Huang Chiau.
B)Liu Bang.
C)Wang Mang.
D)Lie Ch'in.
E)Ho Chi.

Question 38

Roman slaves

A)rarely rebelled, due to the fair treatment they received.
B)were never involved in agriculture but only in manufacturing enterprises.
C)staged a number of massive rebellions, the largest led by Spartacus in 71 B.C.E.
D)made up well over half the population of the empire.
E)received their freedom as reward for the military assistance at the battle of Actium.

Question 39

Julius Caesar

A)was a member of the plebeian class.
B)defeated Octavian's army and obtained the titles of dictator, then dictator for life.
C)saw the need for change and strengthened the Senate's power.
D)was assassinated by leading senators convinced his death would restore the republic.
E)all of the above

Question 40

The "good news" concerning Jesus was contained in the written

A)gospels.
B)Old Testament.
C)Sermon on the Mount.
D)Dead Sea scrolls.
E)Analects of John the Baptist.

Question 41

​Making use of the Silk Road in the early Empire, Rome traded considerably with

A)​China for silk
B)​Arabia for coffee
C)​Persia for copper
D)​Russia for furs
E)​All of these.

Question 42

During the Han dynasty

A)the emperors were unable to enlarge the territorial domain of the Chinese Empire.
B)merchants brought Buddhism to China for the first time.
C)imperial armies incorporated all of Southeast Asia into the Chinese realm.
D)dynastic continuity lasted only seventy years.
E)The state of Qin became dominant.

Question 43

Which of the following is true of the Patrician order?​

A)​Only they could be landowners.
B)​They controlled the centuriate assembly.
C)​They determined who had the right of citizenship.
D)​Only they could marry plebeians; plebeians could not marrry up.
E)​They were exempt from taxes.

Question 44

​According to Livy, what was the position held by Cincinnatus?

A)​Publican
B)​Consul
C)​Magistrate
D)​Praetor
E)​Dictator

Question 45

Although at the time of the first Han dynasty census, in 2 C.E., the population of China was estimated at sixty million, within two centuries the oppressive Han policies had reduced the population to:

A)less than twenty million.
B)less than thirty million.
C)around thirty-five million.
D)less than forty million.
E)around fifty million.

Question 46

​The group that sacked Rome in 410 CE was

A)​Vandals
B)​Visigoths
C)​Franks
D)​Huns
E)​Celts

Question 47

​Who initiated the Third Punic War?

A)​Hannibal of Carthage
B)​Philip II of Macedonia.
C)​Cato the Elder
D)​Cornelius Scipius Africanus
E)​Cosinga Palpatine

Question 48

​Which emperor, in 212 CE, gave Roman citizenship, to all free inhabitants of the empire?

A)​Nero
B)​Vespasian
C)​Trajan
D)​Marcus Aurelius
E)​Caracalla

Question 49

Identify the following terms.
Tiber River

Question 50

The elite branch of the Roman military, charged with guarding the Emperor, was the

A)Praetorian Guard
B)​Centurion Legions
C)​Comitatenses
D)​Limitanae
E)​Palatini

Question 51

​Julius Caesar came to sole power by

A)​demoting his partner Pompey and assigning him to military command in Egypt.
B)​assassinating the other members of the triumvirate.
C)​crowning himself as Emperor and dismissing the senate.
D)​defeating Pompey and the senators who endorsed him.
E)​sacking Rome and moving the capital to Constantinople.

Question 52

Which is NOT considered a factor of decline under Emperors Diocletian Constantine?​

A)​Reunification of the Eastern and Western halves of the empire.
B)​making certain professions hereditary
C)​Increasing the military and civil service
D)​Enlargement of private estates at the loss of small farmers.
E)​Constantine's adoption of religious toleration.

Question 53

Identify the following terms.
Livy

Question 54

​Which of the following was NOT a Greek influence on the Romans?​

A)​democracy
B)​alphabet
C)​agricultural crops of grapes and olives
D)​artistic models of sculpture and architecture
E)​literature

Question 55

Identify the following terms.
Horatius at the bridge

Question 56

Identify the following terms.
the Apennines

Question 57

​The Gracchus brothers believed that the underlying cause of Rome's problems was

A)​the enrichment of the aristocracy
B)​the decline of the small farmer
C)​the growth of the Roman military
D)​overexpansion of the empire
E)an ​inefficient system of taxation

Question 58

​Under the Roman Confederation,

A)​Allies who were not citizens were free to rule their local affairs.
B)​all conquored peoples were granted full Roman citizenship except slaves.
C)the people of ​all incorporated territoritories were enslaved.
D)​one could only attain citizenship by learning Latin.
E)​all men had to serve in the hoplite phalanx.

Question 59

Identify the following terms.
Etruscans

Question 60

In addition to the inventing of the rudder and fore-and-aft rigging, another significant Chinese invention of the Han era was

A)paper.
B)rubber.
C)steel.
D)silk.
E)rayon.

Question 61

Identify the following terms.
tribunes

Question 62

Identify the following terms.
consuls and praetors

Question 63

Identify the following terms.
Antony and Cleopatra V2 and the Battle of Actium

Question 64

Identify the following terms.
Senate

Question 65

Identify the following terms.
praetorian guard

Question 66

Identify the following terms.
latifundia

Question 67

Identify the following terms.
plebeians

Question 68

Identify the following terms.
Julio-Claudians

Question 69

Identify the following terms.
Octavian/Augustus

Question 70

Identify the following terms.
Latium

Question 71

Identify the following terms.
centuriate and council of the Plebs

Question 72

Identify the following terms.
Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus

Question 73

Identify the following terms.
Pax Romana

Question 74

Identify the following terms.
Punic Wars and Hannibal

Question 75

Identify the following terms.
Marius

Question 76

Identify the following terms.
Carthage

Question 77

Identify the following terms.
Cannae and Zama

Question 78

Identify the following terms.
"the good emperors"

Question 79

Identify the following terms.
patricians

Question 80

Identify the following terms.
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus