Deck 9: The Expansion of Civilization in South and Southeast Asia

Question 1

The Delhi Sultanate was a Hindu state that came into existence by 1200 and ruled over northern India.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The Buddhists who applied the term "lesser vehicle" to their rivals were eventually known as

A)Mahayana.
B)Hinayana.
C)Theravada.
D)Shi'ites.
E)Sivas.

Answer 2

Mahayana.

Question 3

Where was the capital of the Kushan kingdom located?

A)Pataliputra
B)Bactria
C)Kanchipuram
D)Bombay
E)Karakoram

Answer 3

Bactria

Question 4

The exchange of ​technology and information between China and India was facilitated by Buddhist monks

Question 5

Because of impenetrable jungles and dangerous seas and oceans, travel between the islands and regions of Southeast Asia was extremely difficult.

Question 6

Much of what is known about China in the first half of the first millennium C.E. comes from Indian Hindu monks.

Question 7

The colossal pyramid temple at Borobudur is situated in the jungles of modern Cambodia.

Question 8

In the divisions within Buddhism, those who followed the school of Theravada believed in

A)an attachment to individual conduct and the ability to escape the mundane through the pursuit of understanding.
B)a bodhisattva helping someone to achieve Nirvana.
C)the divinity of Buddha.
D)the possibility of only one reincarnation for each soul.
E)the Twelve Fold Path.

Question 9

The Kushan peoples

A)were, originally, inhabitants of Mesopotamia.
B)had been herder-nomads until they moved into the Irrawaddy Valley.
C)were of Indo-European background, driven out of Central Asia by the Xiongnu.
D)settled in Sri Lanka.
E)defeated the Aryan invaders of India.

Question 10

Muslim customs in India had little effect on the Hindu practice of ​sati.​

Question 11

The rock temple at Ellora in central India is comparable to the Christian churches carved out of solid rock in Ethiopia.

Question 12

Aristocratic Hindu clans, known as Rajputs, led the resistance to the advances of Islam into India by Mahmud of Ghazni and other Muslims.

Question 13

Mahmud's court at Ghazni rivaled the Abbasid court in Baghdad.​

Question 14

The capital of the Gupta Dynasty under Chandragupta I was at

A)Pataliputra.
B)Bactria.
C)Chang'an.
D)Bombay.
E)Delhi.

Question 15

India's "classical age" is traditionally associated with the

A)Maurya dynasty.
B)Gupta dynasty.
C)Tughluq dynasty.
D)Angkor dynasty.
E)Mughal dynasty.

Question 16

In the Gupta period, Brahmanism and Buddhism coexisted harmoniously. ​

Question 17

All of the following were true of the Kushan kingdom except

A)trade between China and Rome served it well.
B)the increasing appeal of Buddhism helped it to grow.
C)it met a dubious end in the third century.
D)under King Kanishka, Buddhism was outlawed and destroyed.
E)King Kanishka was an ardent Buddhist.

Question 18

Mahayana Buddhism

A)was less religious and more "philosophical" than Theravada Buddhism.
B)attempted to maximize the number of people who could obtain release from the wheel of life.
C)revered Nanak.
D)began in Persia and spread to India during the time of the Gupta Dynasty.
E)had no impact outside of India.

Question 19

The Indian sea routes used by the Romans to ship Silk Road imports back to Rome

A)began at the seaports along the Bay of Bengal.
B)went through the Sunda Strait.
C)expanded in the first century C.E.when sailors mastered the monsoon winds.
D)began at commercial shipping centers situated on Sri Lanka.
E)began at the Bactrian coast of the Indian Ocean.

Question 20

According to a visiting Chinese Buddhist monk, in India as late as the fifth century C.E., most commercial transactions were conducted by barter rather than coins or currency.

Question 21

It can be said of medieval Indian culture that

A)the south lacked any temple architecture.
B)the temples of India are among that civilization's most important artistic contributions.
C)India produced no literature of note.
D)written literature only came with the arrival of Islam.
E)there was never any religious influences in either its art or literature.

Question 22

Kalidasa

A)was a great military ruler.
B)wrote Ramayana.
C)combined poetry and prose as well as several languages in his plays.
D)ended his life as a Sufi mystic.
E)advised Asoka in the construction of the latter's pillars.

Question 23

Under the medieval Indian land-use system

A)most farmers gave their landlord their entire annual harvest.
B)the landlord paid taxes to the local king in the form of manufactured goods.
C)actual title to the farmland in the realm belonged to the king.
D)most farmers owned about 35 acres per family.
E)rajas worked the land themselves.

Question 24

Southeast Asian agriculture

A)was highly unproductive, in large part to an absence of rich soil and high population density.
B)saw peasants pay heavy rents or taxes to landlords and local rulers.
C)contained no areas in which farmers controlled their land directly.
D)was highly inefficient, as peasants preferred to reduce taxes by lowering their incomes.
E)was exclusively based upon local self-sufficiency.

Question 25

Which of the following statements is not true about ancient Indian music?

A)It was derived from Vedic chants.
B)It had no spiritual connection at all.
C)It emphasized the performer's creativity.
D)Classical Indian music is based on a scale called a raga.
E)Music played a major role in religious observances.

Question 26

The cotton plant apparently originated

A)along the Malabar coast.
B)in the Indus River valley.
C)on the Deccan Plateau.
D)along the Ganges River.
E)on the island of Ceylon, or Sri Lanka.

Question 27

The peoples recognized as being among the first migrants into Southeast Asia during the first millennium C.E. were the

A)Vietnamese and Luo.
B)Mon-Khmer and Javanese.
C)Burmese and Thai.
D)Thai and Munda.
E)Desai and Inuit.

Question 28

In their political institutions, the new states of Southeast Asia

A)were predominantly replicas of the Chinese system.
B)assimilated Chinese and/or Indian practices into their own ways of doing things.
C)were totally original in the development of their governments.
D)lacked any semblance of formal government.
E)ultimately created an integrated and peaceful confederacy.

Question 29

Sikhism

A)tried to blend Islam and Hinduism.
B)practiced pacifism spite of attacks from Hindus and Muslims.
C)ultimately provided a third religious alternative in Persian Afghanistan.
D)was founded by Nanak, a guru in Tamiland, in the early 500s.
E)followed the Five Pillars of Asoka.

Question 30

Muslim rule in India

A)maintained a close alliance with Baghdad.
B)was totally assimilated into Hindu culture.
C)employed many Hindus in powerful positions within the government.
D)reserved most of the high posts in the central government and the provinces for Muslims.
E)never made use of Hindus on any level of government.

Question 31

Which of the following may have contributed to the decline in medieval Indian manufacturing and commercial activity within India?

A)the establishment of highly centralized ruling federations
B)the impact of the caste system, which restricted economic opportunities
C)decreased tariffs between local jurisdictions
D)a decline in foreign trade with Japan
E)an exclusive preoccupation with religion and spiritual matters

Question 32

The two major geographic components of Southeast Asia are

A)the Rann of Kutch and the Irian tidal zone.
B)an extensive archipelago (today's Indonesia and the Philippines) and a mainland zone from the Malay Peninsula north to China.
C)the Mekong Delta and the Cao Highlands.
D)the Sargasso Hills and the Red River plain.
E)the Tienenman Valley and the Angkor Strait communities.

Question 33

This fifth-century Indian astronomer accurately calculated the value of pi, and calculated the length of the solar year to be slightly more than 365 days.

A)Golagrama
B)Utpala
C)Aryabhata
D)Kamalakara
E)Vasistha

Question 34

Nanak

A)was the last Mongol invader to successfully control the entire Indian subcontinent.
B)was the favorite bodhisattva of the Mahayana Buddhists.
C)renounced the Zoroastrian tradition of asceticism.
D)founded a new religious movement, although he had originally tried to integrate Hindu and Muslim ideas and practices.
E)conquered Delhi.

Question 35

The Southeast Asian mainland kingdom formed in the ninth century was

A)Nubia.
B)Angkor.
C)Champa.
D)Malaya.
E)Sukhothai.

Question 36

Which of the following is not true about the caves of Ajanta?

A)They served only as shrines that were nothing more than holes in the cliffs.
B)They contain elaborate wall paintings relating to Buddha and his incarnations.
C)They are great sources of historical knowledge of fifth-century India.
D)They are examples of some of India's greatest artistic achievements.
E)Most of them were carved in an eighteen-year period.

Question 37

The Mongol khan from Samarkand who attacked the Islamic state of the Tughluq Dynasty was

A)Tamerlane.
B)Genghis Khan.
C)Chalukya.
D)Malmug Khan.
E)Chandragupta XIV.

Question 38

The group which dominated banking and the textile industry, and the group which dominated trade and manufacturing, respectively, were the

A)Parsis and Jains.
B)Jains and Sikhs.
C)Muslims and Christians.
D)Kutch and Mahayana Buddhists.
E)Rajputs and Sunnites.

Question 39

Islam was spread through parts of India by the military advances of

A)the Rajputs.
B)Mahmud of Ghazni.
C)the Nanaks.
D)Samudragupta.
E)Asoka.

Question 40

Which of the following statements was true about the religious underpinnings of the Indianized Southeast Asian states?

A)They had become mainly Daoist by 1000 C.E.
B)They all exclusively adhered to Hindu values.
C)Buddhism determined the path they followed.
D)Although based on Hindu political thought, they afforded great privilege to Buddhists, who won over the masses.
E)Their religious orientations were entirely free of any external influences.

Question 41

Two major trading states on the Southeast Asian archipelago were

A)Chosen and Payoni.
B)Srivijaya and Majapahit.
C)Cola and Hainan.
D)Colombo and Mombai.
E)Pyongyang and Bangkok.

Question 42

What caused the end of the Kushan kingdom?​

A)​Regional factionalism over religious conflicts.
B)​Invasion from Afghanistan.
C)​Environmental factors diverted the Silk Road and trade declined.
D)​Overpopulation and famine.
E)​Unknown.

Question 43

Bodhisattvas, in Theravada Buddhist beliefs, were

A)saintly individuals who had postponed their own enlightenment to found monasteries.
B)Buddhists who had achieved enlightenment through strict practices of protocols and meditation.
C)Hiniyanas who demonstrated that the wealthy were more in more favorable conditions to reach Nirvana.
D)individuals who deferred their acceptance of Nirvana to teach others how to reach enlightenment.
E)people who promoted the teaching of demons, as only Siddhartha was a bodhisattva.

Question 44

​ The more long-lasting effect of Islam's arrival in India occurred with the arrival of

A)Islamic merchants in the eighth century.
B)Arabic armies which forced conversion to Islam of conquored populations.
C)the Mongols in the twelfth century.
D)Turkic-speaking Muslims in the tenth-eleventh centuries.
E)Christian Crusaders in the fourteenth century.

Question 45

​All of the following factors contributed to a significant transformation of Buddhism in India EXCEPT

A)​delay in transcribing written sources.
B)​abstract concepts of Nirvana were replaced by simpler concepts of heaven.
C)​Siddhartha became a figure of divinity.
D)​a synthetic fusion with Jainism created its own cult.
E)​fading of the Buddhist idea of all four classes were equal.

Question 46

Why did Theravada Buddhism have such a strong appeal for the Burmese and others in the northern part of Southeast Asia?

A)It did not need a priest or ruler go-between to permit the believer to achieve Nirvana.
B)It rejected the unnecessary retention of native beliefs.
C)It posed no threat to the official religions of the state, as Buddhists also strongly supported the state cults.
D)It closely resembled Islam in belief and practices.
E)It was required by the Brahman priests.

Question 47

The major reason for the transformation of Brahamism to Hinduism occurred with

A)a growing emphasis on devotion as a means to improve one's Karma had more widespread effect.
B)antagonism within the feuding factions of Mahayana and Theraveda Buddhism.
C)the arrival of Islam and a concerted effort to retain Indian culture instead of Muslim.
D)Simplification of the Vedic texts and decline of the power of the Brahmin jati.
E)competing Sutras within Buddhism confused followers as to which one was proper.

Question 48

The most famous example of the Buddhist architecture that employed a massive empty stupa with sculpted terraces is the temple on Java at

A)Kuala Lumpur.
B)Borobudur.
C)Mount Meru.
D)Rangoon.
E)Jakarta.

Question 49

Which of the following was not true about religious practice in Southeast Asia?

A)Buddhism and Hinduism were never in competition in the region.
B)Rulers used either Hinduism or Buddhism to gain a political advantage.
C)Hinduism served to fortify the positions of the upper class.
D)Theravada Buddhism became a dominant religious force in much of the region.
E)Daoism did not become a major movement in Java or Sumatra.

Question 50

All of the following are correct about the Polynesian peoples except

A)they originated on the island of Taiwan and on the southeastern coast of China.
B)they colonized the islands of Tahiti, Hawaii, and Eastern Island.
C)they were seafarers.
D)the Maoris of New Zealand were not among the Polynesians.
E)they had sailing canoes up to 100 feet long.

Question 51

In Indian music, the raga is ​

A)​one of hundreds of scales.
B)​a stringed instrument.
C)​an improvisational riff on the sitar.
D)​the physical vibration of the note that connected it with the spiritual universe.
E)​a love ballad.

Question 52

Buddhist pilgrims traveling the Silk Road to Eastern Asia found ​a major monastery with stone-carved monuments at

A)​Kabul
B)​Taxila
C)​Bactria
D)​Bamiyan
E)​Isfahan

Question 53

Mongol raids from the northwest from the khanate in Samarkand were led by their ruler:

A)Tamerlane.
B)Ala-ud-din
C)Huigadui
D)Attilla
E)Basra

Question 54

A significant complication, other than religion, for coexistence of Muslims and Hindus was ​

A)​language barriers.
B)​concepts of recording time cycles.
C)​different treatments of women in their respective societies.
D)​class and caste.
E)​acceptable practices within artistic representations of humans.

Question 55

A significant reason the Rajput could not expel the Arabic forces from India was​

A)​a lack of political cohesion and one true leader.
B)​their dependence on elephants for warfare compared to horses.
C)​the Islamic forces had gunpowder obtained from China.
D)​there were very few natural geographic defenses in the Deccan plateau.
E)​the Rajput had no defenses against the modern tactic of siege warfare.

Question 56

​The Kushan monarch Kanishka patronized which religion?

A)​Hinduism
B)​Sufism
C)​Buddhism
D)​Jainism
E)​Daoism

Question 57

The Delhi sultanate of the twelfth century could not effectively quell their Indian subjects because: ​

A)​disintegration of the Abbasid Dynasty to a rival Sunni faction left no centralized chain of command.
B)​the Rajput engrained considerable resistance to the Muslims by appealing to both Buddhists and Hindus.
C)the arrival of the Mongol forces on the northwest frontier.
D)​Islamic forces were split between India and trying to fight the Crusades in the Mediterranean.
E)​None of these.

Question 58

Which of the following is a valid observation about the social practices in the societies of traditional Southeast Asia?

A)Female rulers dominated life in almost all villages.
B)Southeast Asian women had more rights than Indian and Chinese women.
C)In the Indianized states, Hinduism produced the rigid adoption of the caste system.
D)Malay societies employed the democratic practice of electing their kings.
E)Southeast Asian women had fewer rights than the women of India.

Question 59

Which Hindu would be most likely to convert to Islam?

A)Tamil traders along the Silk Road
B)merchants in Goa.
C)sudra peasants.
D)Rajput military.
E)ostracized Jainists.

Question 60

The lowland peoples of southeast Asia were isolated from the upland peoples by all of the following EXCEPT

A)river valleys tended to flow south-southeast.
B)mountanous regions separated the east and west.
C)heavily forested regions had mosquitoes carrying malaria.
D)northern Vietnam was conquered by Han China.
E)Turkic-speaking Mongols conquered the Malayo-Polynesian region.

Question 61

Identify the following terms.
Chandragupta I and Chandragupta 2

Question 62

Identify the following terms.
Kushan Kingdom

Question 63

Identify the following terms.
bodhisattva

Question 64

Identify the following terms.
Mahmud of Ghazni

Question 65

Identify the following terms.
Mahayana

Question 66

Identify the following terms.
Kanishka

Question 67

Identify the following terms.
bhakti

Question 68

Identify the following terms.
Nirvana

Question 69

Identify the following terms.
Bamiyan Buddhas

Question 70

Identify the following terms.
Theravada

Question 71

Identify the following terms.
Silk Road

Question 72

Identify the following terms.
Fa Xian and Xuan Zang

Question 73

Identify the following terms.
Guptas

Question 74

What was the principle distinction between trade and agriculture in Southeast Asia?​

A)​The presence of foreign merchants.
B)​Religious prohibition in certain areas.
C)​Lack of access to fertile river deltas in Cambodia and Burma.
D)​environmental conditioning
E)​agriculture based on millet rather than wet rice.

Question 75

Identify the following terms.
Chola and Pallava

Question 76

Identify the following terms.
Avalokitsevaran/Guan Yin

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the relatively enhanced status of women in Southeast Asia?

A)Emphasis on the nuclear family instead of joint.
B)Wealth in marriage passed from male to female line.
C)Women could participate in local political concerns.
D)Divorce could be initiated by either party.
E)Virginity was not a required attribute for women prior to marriage.

Question 78

Identify the following terms.
Pataliputra

Question 79

Identify the following terms.
Hinayana

Question 80

Identify the following terms.
the Sind and Punjab