Deck 13: The Byzantine Empire and Crisis and Recovery in the West

Question 1

In the eleventh century, the Byzantine emperor, Basil 2, blinded fourteen thousand soldiers of the

A)Muslims.
B)Vikings.
C)Russians.
D)Bulgars.
E)Franks.

Answer 1

Bulgars.

Question 2

As a result of the Fourth Crusade, the West established a permanent political presence in the Byzantine Empire.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The Byzantine theme

A)combined military and civil authority in one person.
B)was a military strategy relying upon Greek fire.
C)was the time, or the theme, during which the Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire.
D)was a self-sufficient organization of peasants in Anatolia.
E)was the master plan for the rebuilding Constantinople under Justinian.

Answer 3

combined military and civil authority in one person.

Question 4

The l'uomo universale was the ideal of the Renaissance, and was a person who was capable of achievements in many areas of life.

Question 5

The spread of goods and people along the Silk Road helped facilitate the spread of the plague.​

Question 6

At the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, the

A)Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines.
B)Byzantines defeated the Normans.
C)Byzantines defeated the Seljuk Turks.
D)crusaders conquered Constantinople.
E)Ottoman Turks defeated the Byzantines.

Question 7

The Photian schism

A)abolished the use of icons.
B)resulted in the excommunication of the Pope by the Patriarch.
C)led to the reunion of the Roman and Orthodox churches.
D)established the interdict in the Roman church.
E)divided Arabs from Persians, a split that continues to the present.

Question 8

Justinian's most lasting accomplishment was

A)his victory over the Ostrogoths.
B)his defeat of the Muslim armies outside Constantinople.
C)the Corpus Iuris Civilis.
D)his victory over the Nika rioters.
E)the construction of Notre Dame.

Question 9

The Orthodox Church had its greatest missionary success with the

A)Poles.
B)Czechs.
C)Russians.
D)Arabs.
E)Mongols.

Question 10

The Italian city that benefited from the Fourth Crusade was

A)Rome.
B)Venice.
C)Florence.
D)Naples.
E)Genoa.

Question 11

During the Nika Revolts, Justinian and Theodora fled the city to avoid being​ overthrown.

Question 12

Rome was the largest city in Europe in the Middle Ages.

Question 13

In the seventh century, the greatest danger to the Byzantine Empire came from the

A)Slavs.
B)Muslims.
C)Persians.
D)Bulgars.
E)Ostrogoths.

Question 14

The major threat to the Byzantine Empire in the eleventh century came from the

A)Arabs.
B)Seljuk Turks.
C)Ottoman Turks.
D)Austrians.
E)Persians.

Question 15

The best known Byzantine historian was

A)Einhard.
B)Tacitus.
C)Suetonious.
D)Belisarius.
E)Procopius.

Question 16

The most serious threat to Justinian's rule came from the

A)Greens and the Blues.
B)crusaders.
C)Muslims.
D)Bulgars.
E)Ostrogoths.

Question 17

The appearance of the violent and destructive Mongol Empire ended all trade between the West and China.

Question 18

The Byzantine Emperor Basil 2 was infamous for blinding over 14,000 Turkish troops before allowing them to return home.

Question 19

In 1054, the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church excommunicated each other in a dispute over papal primacy.

Question 20

Justinian's most significant accomplishment was in permanently reuniting the old Roman Empire.

Question 21

The Renaissance began in

A)Byzantium.
B)France.
C)Italy.
D)Spain.
E)Flanders.

Question 22

The ideal of early fifteenth-century Humanists was to

A)reject religion and the Church.
B)serve the state.
C)abandon history and the past.
D)work only for the most powerful states.
E)establish political democracies throughout Europe.

Question 23

By the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French gained victory because of

A)cannon and gunpowder.
B)the crossbow.
C)the longbow.
D)heavily armored cavalry.
E)German mercenaries.

Question 24

A major advantage that the Ottomans had against Constantinople in 1453 was

A)cavalry.
B)the longbow.
C)the crossbow.
D)Greek fire.
E)cannons.

Question 25

Flagellants

A)was the term used to describe the aristocratic opponents of rebelling serfs.
B)were Jews who beat themselves in an effort to avoid harsher abuse by Christians.
C)were a new order of friars which were established in France by Joan of Arc.
D)were Christian fanatics who physically scourged themselves during the Black Death.
E)were hereditary slaves in fifteenth-century Italy.

Question 26

The papacy of Boniface V2I saw

A)the Roman Church supreme over all of Christendom.
B)Boniface forced to flee in the face of a French takeover.
C)Boniface successfully excommunicating and destroying the power of France's Philip.IV.
D)the papacy moving to Germany after Boniface's death.
E)the Church weakened as a result of the Black Death.

Question 27

As a result of the Black Death,

A)there was a decrease in anti-Semitism.
B)there was an increase in anti-Semitism.
C)flagellation disappeared.
D)the population rose in Italian cities but fell in English and French cities and towns.
E)the Pope moved to Avignon.

Question 28

The architect Filippo Brunelleschi was inspired by

A)Greek models.
B)Roman models.
C)Byzantine models.
D)Chinese models.
E)Roman Catholic Church models.

Question 29

The divine beauty of the ceiling figures in the Sistine Chapel are a reflection of the Neoplatonism of

A)Leonardo.
B)Raphael.
C)Michelangelo.
D)Van Eyck.
E)Dürer.

Question 30

This Renaissance woman defended the right of women to pursue scholarly pursuits.

A)Cassandra Fedele
B)Francesca Civolia
C)Dona Medici
D)Isotta Nogarola
E)Laura Cerata

Question 31

The principles of Early Renaissance art

A)were demonstrated in the frescoes of Masaccio, which employed the laws of perspective and a more realistic relationship between figures and landscape.
B)excluded the nudes in the works of Palladio.
C)failed to begin a new area of artistic statement.
D)were marked by total disregard of knowledge of motion and/or anatomical detail.
E)explored the possibilities of scroll portraiture.

Question 32

The phrase l'uomo universale means that one should

A)be capable of achievements in many areas.
B)reject religion and become a student of the universe.
C)specialize in great depth in a single subject, such as history or physics.
D)turn to God as the only answer to the problems of this world.
E)reject public service and satisfy one's personal ambitions.

Question 33

The Mongols

A)facilitated the spread of the plague with the creation of its Silk Road empire.
B)stopped the spread of the plague to China, but allowed it to decimate the West.
C)stopped the spread of the plague to the West, but allowed it to decimate China.
D)were immune from the Yersinia pestis.
E)captured Constantinople.

Question 34

Political disintegration in the fourteenth century resulted from all of the following except

A)financial problems.
B)use of mercenary soldiers.
C)the breakdown of feudalism.
D)dynasties had too many male heirs.
E)dynasties were unable to produce male heirs.

Question 35

All of the following regarding the Hundred Years' War are correct except

A)traditional nobles fighting on horseback were the keys to victory.
B)new weapons were used in the war, including the longbow and gunpowder.
C)the English were victorious at the battles of Crécy and Agincourt.
D)Joan of Arc was burnt at the stake for heresy by the English.
E)it was fought between England and France.

Question 36

Italian city states such as Venice and Florence could best be described as

A)rural democracies.
B)urban democracies.
C)legitimate autocracies.
D)merchant oligarchies.
E)royal oligarchies.

Question 37

The Great Schism

A)resulted in the capture of Jerusalem by Saladin.
B)saw two different individuals claiming to be the true pope.
C)was the result of the investiture controversy between Gregory VII and Henry IV.
D)led to the Hundred Years' War between England and France.
E)led to the sacking of Constantinople by crusaders from the West.

Question 38

In 1453, the Byzantine Empire fell to the

A)Arabs.
B)Seljuk Turks.
C)Ottoman Turks.
D)Bulgars and Ukranians.
E)the crusaders.

Question 39

At the beginning of the Hundred Years' War, the English had the advantage because of

A)cannon and gunpowder.
B)the crossbow.
C)the longbow.
D)heavily armored cavalry.
E)German mercenaries.

Question 40

The council that ended the Great Schism was the council of

A)Clermont.
B)Canossa.
C)Orleans.
D)Constance.
E)Trent.

Question 41

The ideal instilled by Leonardo da Vinci in the High Renaissance was

A)​idealization of nature
B)​reinforcing religious authority
C)​incorporating chiaroscuro as an aspect of realism.
D)​posing figures in a contrapostal position.
E)​demonstrating everyday life.

Question 42

As "the father of Italian Renaissance humanism," Petrarch embraced all of the following EXCEPT:​

A)​writing in Greek.
B)​seeking out ancient Latin manuscripts.
C)​using the works of Cicero as a model.
D)​discovering forgotten manuscripts in monasteries.
E)​emulating Virgil for poetry.

Question 43

Identify the following terms.
Justinian

Question 44

The two major characteristics of the Italian Renaissance were ​

A)​literacy and class status.
B)​financial wealth and piety.
C)​secularism and individualism.
D)​piety and humanism.
E)​scholasticism and spirituality.

Question 45

The formal division between the Eastern Orthodox and the Western Christian churches began in 1054 with a disagreement over​

A)​the use of icons.
B)​the emphasis on Aryanism in the East.
C)​the superior ranking of the Pope over the Patriarch.
D)​challenges to the absolute authority of the monarch as a matter of biblical interpretation.
E)​approval of new sects of monasticism.

Question 46

The English king most responsible for creating a strong monarchical government was

A)Henry VI.
B)Edward V.
C)Richard III.
D)Henry VII.
E)Henry VIII.

Question 47

Economic prosperity under the Macedonian Dynasty was largely based on trade of ​

A)​fur, wax, and honey
B)​silk and metalwork.
C)​spices and glasswork.
D)​exotic fruits and vegetables.
E)​woolen rugs.

Question 48

As anti-Semitism ​spread through Europe in response to the plague, many Jews fled to

A)​Constantinople.
B)​Spain.
C)​Poland.
D)​Jerusalem
E)​Persia.

Question 49

All of the following were true of the political recovery of the fifteenth century in Europe except

A)centralized monarchies gained strength in western Europe.
B)centralized monarchies gained strength in Germanic central Europe.
C)decentralized government became typical in eastern and central Europe.
D)the "new monarchies" greatly aided in stabilizing France, Spain, and England.
E)Henry VII's cautious policies had made England solvent and stable by 1500.

Question 50

All of the following were impressive By​zantine monuments in Constantinople EXCEPT

A)Hagia Sophia
B)​The Hippodrome
C)The Blue Mosque
D)​Theodosian Walls
E)​Palace Complex

Question 51

Which of the following was NOT a reason the Renaissance is seen as a period of recovery?​

A)​Loss of faith in the church.
B)​Economic recession.
C)​Political disorder.
D)​The Black Death.
E)​None of these.

Question 52

The appropriate author-title combo of the treatise on the acquisition, maintenance, and expansion of political power​ was

A)​Erasmus, In Praise of Folly
B)​Erasmus, Education of a Christian Prince
C)​Luther, 95 Theses
D)​Machiavelli, ​The Prince
E)​Rousseau, ​Discourse on the Origins of Inequality

Question 53

One of the greatest tactical advantages the By​zantine military had was

A)​trebuchets.
B)​green phosphorous
C)​gunpowder
D)​the composite longbow
E)​early flamethrowers

Question 54

Which was NOT one of the major Italian city-states developed by the fifteenth century?​

A)​Milan
B)​Venice
C)​Genoa
D)​Florence
E)​Piedmont

Question 55

Th​e phenomenon of iconoclasm was also found among which religion?

A)​Catholicism
B)​Buddhism
C)​Islam
D)​Judaism
E)​Hinduism

Question 56

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Black Death?​

A)​It was carried by rats with fleas that carried the bacteria Yersinia pestis.
B)​Once it dissipated from Western Europe, it continued to recur.
C)​Its transmission was facilitated by Mongol long-distance trade.
D)​Diffusion followed different trade routes.
E)​the hardest hit area was England.

Question 57

One of the foremost preoccupations of the Italian Renaissance artists was ​

A)​making religious art sublime.
B)​reinstilling Roman religious and mythologic figures as important cultural touchstones.
C)re​developing new techniques of the ancient masters.
D)​realistically portraying the human nude.
E)​painting Jesus as a western European figure.

Question 58

Economic and social crises that arose in response to the Black Death in Europe included all of the following EXCEPT​

A)​Mortality rates meant less workers survived, and they could command better wages.
B)​Trade declined with less manufacturing taking place.
C)​Peasants converted their serfdom by exchanging services for rent.
D)​Peasant rebellions took place in Europe over exclusion from artisanal guilds.
E)​Social unrest became a characteristic of European history.

Question 59

Identify the following terms.
Theodora

Question 60

The new administrative revision put into effect under Emperor Heraclius was the ​

A)​combination of military and civilization offices in the hands of the same person.
B)​formal transition from Latin to Greek in official records.
C)​addition to the Corpus Iuris Civilis of the novella section.
D)​designation of lands in disputed areas for retired military troops.
E)​appointment of the Patriarch to the palace synod.

Question 61

Identify the following terms.
"Byzantine"

Question 62

Identify the following terms.
Hagia Sophia

Question 63

Identify the following terms.
Greek fire

Question 64

Identify the following terms.
Bulgars

Question 65

Identify the following terms.
Hippodrome

Question 66

Identify the following terms.
Manzikert, 1071

Question 67

Identify the following terms.
"little ice age"

Question 68

Identify the following terms.
theme

Question 69

Identify the following terms.
Corpus Iuris Civilis

Question 70

Identify the following terms.
Latin Empire of Constantinople

Question 71

Identify the following terms.
Michael Paleologus

Question 72

Identify the following terms.
Mehmet 2 the Conqueror

Question 73

Identify the following terms.
Ostrogoths and Lombards

Question 74

Identify the following terms.
Procopius

Question 75

Identify the following terms.
1054 schism

Question 76

Identify the following terms.
Ottoman Turks and 1453

Question 77

Identify the following terms.
Photian schism

Question 78

Identify the following terms.
Macedonian dynasty

Question 79

Identify the following terms.
iconoclasm

Question 80

Identify the following terms.
Nika Revolt