Deck 21: The High Tide of Imperialism

Question 1

The Philippine guerrilla leader who failed to thwart the United States conquest was

A)Antonio Celino.
B)Antonio Barbosa.
C)Emilio Aguinaldo.
D)Ferdinand Marcos.
E)Mongkut Chulalongkorn.

Answer 1

Emilio Aguinaldo.

Question 2

The individual who argued that his main purpose was the extension of the British Empire was

A)Albert Sarraut.
B)Cecil Rhodes.
C)Muhammad Ali Jinna.
D)David Livingstone.
E)Paul Kruger.

Answer 2

Cecil Rhodes.

Question 3

Muhammad Ali

A)was a native-born Egyptian who came to rule his homeland.
B)modernized Egypt and extended its hegemony over neighboring regions.
C)overthrew the Ottoman power in the Middle East.
D)reaped great rewards from the construction of the Suez Canal.
E)was the first Christian ruler of Egypt since the seventh century.

Answer 3

modernized Egypt and extended its hegemony over neighboring regions.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a true statement about nineteenth-century Western expansion in Southeast Asia?

A)The British established their control over Burma.
B)Burma retained its independence.
C)The French forcibly created their Indochinese Union.
D)Thailand remained independent, as a result of mutual British and French interests.
E)The Philippines became an American spoil of war with Spain, in spite of efforts by local insurgents to change that outcome.

Question 5

After the Sepoy Rebellion, the British turned to Gurkhas and Sikhs as soldiers for India's colonial army.

Question 6

Among the first British colonies in West Africa was

A)Libya.
B)Gold Coast.
C)Senegal.
D)Liberia.
E)Zanzibar.

Question 7

In order to protect their investment in the Suez Canal, the British established an informal protectorate in Egypt that lasted until World War I.

Question 8

One of the primary factors that changed ​the relationship of Europeans in the Imperial age was the Industrial Revolution.

Question 9

Afrikaners were black African opponents of the Dutch Boers in South Africa.

Question 10

Though originally a lucrative target for the new imperialists, by the end of the nineteenth century this country was actively seeking colonies of its own.

A)Ethiopia.
B)Afghanistan.
C)Japan.
D)Kenya.
E)Persia

Question 11

"New" products that European nations sought to obtain from colonies in Africa and Asia in the nineteenth century included

A)gold and silver.
B)cloves and pepper.
C)oil, tin, and rubber.
D)tea, silk, and porcelain.
E)ivory and rayon.

Question 12

In general, the British preferred direct rule, while the French usually implemented indirect rule in their African colonies.

Question 13

In the nineteenth century, imperialism

A)motivated Russia to seize Afghanistan and Burma in the 1860s.
B)was motivated by a desire to control markets as well as raw materials.
C)was denounced by all major European powers until 1874.
D)was notable for Britain's advocacy of its practice of assimilation.
E)was confined, in practice, to East Asia and western South America.

Question 14

British colonial presence in southeast Asia began with an agreement with the Dutch for control over the coffee trade in Sumatra. ​

Question 15

Thailand

A)was the only country in southwest Asia to avoid a takeover by the German Empire.
B)was the only predominantly Christian country in its region.
C)was able to remain independent because France and Britain preferred that it remain so in order to serve as a buffer between their colonial territories.
D)had its province of Burma seized by the British in 1894.
E)was occupied for a long period of time by Britain, much to France's disgust and anger.

Question 16

In Africa, security concerns and national prestige were always secondary to economic interests.

Question 17

In the nineteenth century, "legitimate trade" unfortunately still included the African slave trade.

Question 18

The European takeover of Africa was finally complete with the victory of the Italians over the forces of the Ethiopian king at the Battle of Adowa.

Question 19

French colonial policy in Indochina began as one of assimilation, but switched to association. ​

Question 20

Within the context of Western economic expansion into the regions of Africa and Asia during the nineteenth century, the term imperialism means the forceful appropriation of all except

A)people to buy manufactured goods.
B)low-priced raw materials with which to manufacture goods.
C)advantageous opportunities in which to make highly profitable financial investments.
D)a substitution of African and Asia cultural norms in place of traditional European culture.
E)areas for investments in European-based construction companies.

Question 21

The Boers were predominantly of what ethnic background?

A)Zulu
B)English
C)Welsh
D)Dutch
E)Khoisan

Question 22

In the second half of the nineteenth century,

A)a Frenchman built the Suez Canal, but it ultimately came under British control.
B)British General Charles Gordon restored Egyptian rule in Sudan with his Sikh-Gurkha army.
C)Tunisia came under the total domination of Berber rebels.
D)the Turks took control of Tripoli from the Italians.
E)France occupied the island of Taiwan.

Question 23

The Great Trek

A)was ordered by the French government.
B)took place before the Boers encountered the Zulus.
C)was a Zulu march led by their ruler named Shaka.
D)was the northeastward advance of the Boers after the British take-over of the Cape Colony.
E)took place as a result of Khoisan and Bantu military clashes.

Question 24

European powers rushed to increase their penetration of Africa because of all except

A)pressures generated by the spread of industrialization.
B)rivalries that existed among the various nations of Europe.
C)a desire to extend Christianity throughout Africa.
D)technological advantages of the Europeans over the native Africans.
E)fear of Russian economic expansion into Central Africa.

Question 25

The Berlin Conference of 1884

A)settled the Boer War.
B)established guidelines to ease the frictions created by European ambitions in Africa.
C)led to a large-scale German attack on British colonial property in Kenya.
D)devised a system for collaborative missionary activity in Africa.
E)was convened by Queen Victoria.

Question 26

David Livingstone

A)was the first European to climb Mount Ararat.
B)personally put an end to the Zanzibar slave market with his "Green Band Army."
C)obtained great fame from his African missionary and anti-slavery work.
D)discovered the source of the Nile.
E)constructed an Anglican cathedral on the former site of the Zanzibar slave market.

Question 27

Quinine was used by Europeans to provide partial immunity from

A)sleeping sickness.
B)diphtheria.
C)scurvy.
D)cholera.
E)malaria.

Question 28

The Boer War

A)was caused by German refusal to stop arming the Boers.
B)was the result of the discovery of gold and diamonds in the Boer Transvaal.
C)established East Africa as an independent nation.
D)settled all animosities between the British and the Afrikaners.
E)established the concept of majority rule in South Africa.

Question 29

Though idealistic, the stated goal of British indirect rule in Africa was

A)to introduce British educational institutions.
B)to preserve African political institutions.
C)to replace tribal government with constitutional democracy.
D)to "divide and conquer".
E)to mitigate French, Belgian, and German influence on the continent.

Question 30

Ran Mohan Roy's major motivation in creating the Brahmo Samaj was to

A)provide Hinduism with protection against verbal attacks by British colonialists.
B)supply Indian revolutionaries with arms.
C)prevent the British from controlling India.
D)find a method for successful revolt against British rule in India.
E)strengthen Muslim group awareness.

Question 31

By combining the old Cape Colony and Natal with the Boer Republics in 1910, the British created the

A)Zambezi Federation.
B)Union of East Africa.
C)Union of North Africa.
D)Union of South Africa.
E)Union of West Africa.

Question 32

What factor spurred the rise in Christian missionary work in East Africa in the nineteenth century?

A)The spread of Islam in the region.
B)The rising native interest in monotheism.
C)The positive native reception to church establishment.
D)The persistence of the slave trade in East Africa.
E)The need to dispel the local pagan practices.

Question 33

Which of the following was not linked to the European "missionary factor" as a motivation to conquer the peoples of Africa?

A)The belief in the tenets of social Darwinism.
B)The acceptance of the concept of the "White Man's Burden."
C)The competition among the European powers to create an African industrial revolution.
D)The desire to spread Christianity.
E)The attempt to bring some medical knowledge and assistance.

Question 34

The Can Vuong was an indigenous resistance effort to colonialism organized in this country:.

A)Senegal.
B)Burma.
C)Cambodia.
D)Vietnam.
E)Morocco.

Question 35

It can be said that the first stage in the development of modern nationalism is

A)the collapse of all tribal loyalties.
B)the complete assimilation of the ruling elite into the colonial infrastructure.
C)the breakdown of village hierarchical structures.
D)resistance to colonial conquest, often based on traditional cultural factors.
E)an abandonment of local languages in favor of the language of the colonial power.

Question 36

Which African country, with a temperate climate in its Central Highlands, attracted a relatively large European population?

A)Cameroon
B)Kenya
C)Sokoto
D)Senegal
E)Mozambique

Question 37

Which of the following cities became a major colonial manufacturing center?

A)Luxor
B)Timbuktu
C)Ulan Bator
D)Batavia
E)Chittenango

Question 38

The British Raj

A)brought even greater disorder and inefficiency in Indian governmental administration.
B)enacted a homestead decree which gave all Indian peasants approximately fifty-five acres for each family to cultivate as its own, private property.
C)established a new school system to educate the children of the Indian elite.
D)quickly allowed native Indians to join the highest levels of the colonial administration.
E)brought democracy to the subcontinent by 1892.

Question 39

Imperialistic activity in Africa

A)led to mass literacy in Belgian and French colonies by 1880.
B)had little or no measurable impact except in the Nile Valley, where the average family income doubled between 1865 and 1885.
C)resulted, unexpectedly, in the settlement of twelve million Europeans in East Africa between 1879 and 1900.
D)caused a good deal of international rivalry, as illustrated by the tense face-off between British and French forces at Fashoda.
E)was divided up peacefully by the Western nations on the occasion of Queen Victoria's Jubilee.

Question 40

In Southeast Asia, imperialist governments

A)fostered intensive industrial development and were widely successful, as rural peasant percentages had dropped below fifty in Vietnam and Java by 1905.
B)established mass educational systems to educate peasant children for citizenship and industrial work.
C)practiced a policy of peaceful coexistence.
D)often blended direct and indirect rule, with the latter used widely in rural areas such as Malaya.
E)contracted with private Asian conglomerates to administer their colonies.

Question 41

To prevent the possible collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the British and the French​

A)declared war on Russia.
B)​recognized Muhammad Ali as hereditary Pasha.
C)​seized control of the Egyptian government.
D)​orchestrated local Berber revolution to establish a pro-European local rule.
E)​enacted economic sanctions on any country that would not respect an Egyptian embargo.

Question 42

Identify the following terms.
Cecil Rhodes

Question 43

French colonial management applied direct rule to which of the following areas?​

A)​Southern Mekong Delta
B)​Hue
C)​Cambodia
D)​Laos
E)​None of these.

Question 44

Identify the following terms.
imperialism

Question 45

As the East African slave trade increased, Zanzibar came under the colonial authority of ​

A)​Portugal
B)​Oman
C)​France
D)​Egypt
E)​Qatar

Question 46

Alarmed at heightened European presence in Africa and exploitation of labor, some Africans began to call for what means to defend further encroachment?​

A)​Formation of nation-states along a Western model
B)​Armed insurrectoin and expulsion.
C)​Economic boycott and passive resistance.
D)​Unionization of workers.
E)​Conversion to Communism.

Question 47

The term "legitimate trade" in Africa referred to​

A)​Establishing Euopean indirect rule to exploit local commodities.
B)​Engaging in trade for export of natural resources.
C)​An end-run around the statutes limiting cross-Atlantic slavery.
D)​Beginning commercial development and industrialized infrastructure in conjunction with local rulers.
E)​Imposing colonial protectorates and commercial monopoly agreements.

Question 48

The Sepoy Rebellion was caused by

A)the traditional hostility between Muslims and the Buddhist majority.
B)British tax policies in India.
C)British racial policies in India.
D)animal fat and lard that was on the rifle cartridges used by the Sepoy troops, which upset both Hindu and Muslim soldiers.
E)friction between the Sepoy troops and their Mongol and European commanders.

Question 49

The major port for British control between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea was ​

A)​Singapore
B)​Malacca
C)​Calcutta
D)​Hanoi
E)Zardoz

Question 50

Direct rule was found in all of the following "resistant" nations EXCEPT​

A)​Burma
B)​Vietnam
C)​the Malay Peninsula
D)​Nigeria
E)​Morocco

Question 51

In North Africa, the only area to avoid being incorporated into French colonial rule was ​

A)​Tunisia
B)​Algeria.
C)​Morocco.
D)​Tripoli
E)​Madagascar

Question 52

The fundamental weakness of colonialism was​ that it

A)​required a substantial economic investment in the infrastructure by the colonizer.
B)​relied on theories of Social Darwinism.
C)​is ultimately based on the self-interests of the colonial powers.
D)​assumed a welcome system of reciprocity with the subject nation.
E)​could not establish a uniform system of administration between direct or indirect rule.

Question 53

The person who described the colonial process as one that would ultimately redistribute the "wealth of the earth" and result in a better life for all was: ​

A)​Albert Sarraut
B)​Herbert Spencer
C)​Rudyard Kipling
D)​Emile Durkheim
E)​Leon Trotsky

Question 54

Which of the following led a peasant revolt in Burma against colonial rule?

A)J.F.Lugard
B)Saya San
C)Tipu Sultan
D)Ram Mohan Roy
E)Qassim Amina

Question 55

Identify the following terms.
direct v. indirect rule

Question 56

The Sepoys were

A)Sudanese resistance fighters.
B)a warrior-caste in Nepal.
C)Hindus who willingly adopted the British way of life.
D)Indian troops hired by the British to protect their interests in the region
E)guerilla fighters in the central highlands of Ethiopia.

Question 57

What was NOT a reform imparted by the British colonial system in India?​

A)​Ending the practice of sati ​by widows.
B)​Implementing a system of education for elites and women.
C)​Introducing the British Civil Service examination.
D)​Transferring ownership of railways to local government.
E)​Imposing a new penal code based on the British model.

Question 58

The switch to staple crop production on plantations in southeast Asia resulted in which outcome?​

A)​Colonials engaging local elites to switch from sustenance crops to commodities.
B)​Foreign recruitment for increased labor on plantations for tea and rubber.
C)​Artificially maintaing low wages to keep plantations economically competitive.
D)​Forced labor through a process of "shanghaied" induction.
E)​All of these.

Question 59

The first European power to stop engaging in the African slave trade was ​

A)​England.
B)​Denmark.
C)​Netherlands.
D)​United States
E)​Portugal.

Question 60

In assessing the impact of nineteenth-century imperialism, it can accurately be said that

A)the consequences of imperialism are more complex than was earlier believed.
B)the one certain conclusion which can be reached is that it was uniformly advantageous for all, bringing permanent advantages which still persist.
C)when conflicts of interest rose, they were invariably settled in favor of the populations of the colonies.
D)it proved particularly beneficial to the societies of East Asia, which were given special economic help and cultural support by their colonial overlords.
E)it improved the lives of the natives but it bankrupted the European governments.

Question 61

Identify the following terms.
Emilio Aguinaldo

Question 62

Identify the following terms.

-Japan, Thailand, Afghanistan, Persia, and Ethiopia

Question 63

Identify the following terms.
zamindar system

Question 64

Identify the following terms.
"modernizing elite"

Question 65

Identify the following terms.
the "raj"

Question 66

Identify the following terms.
"might makes right"

Question 67

Identify the following terms.
E. M. Forster

Question 68

Identify the following terms.
Muhammad Ali

Question 69

Identify the following terms.
"informal empire"

Question 70

Identify the following terms.
slave trade vs. "legitimate trade"

Question 71

Identify the following terms.
Liberia

Question 72

Identify the following terms.
Thailand's King Mongkut and King Chulalongkorn

Question 73

Identify the following terms.
the Mahdi and Charles "Chinese" Gordon

Question 74

Identify the following terms.
Commodore George Dewey

Question 75

Identify the following terms.
Thomas Babington Macaulay

Question 76

Identify the following terms.
Ferdinand de Lesseps and the Suez Canal

Question 77

Identify the following terms.
nuoc mam

Question 78

Identify the following terms.
Rudyard Kipling's The White Man's Burden

Question 79

Identify the following terms.
Indochinese Union

Question 80

Identify the following terms.
association v. assimilation