Deck 7: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Psychotherapies

Question 1

Which of the following statements would NOT be supported by a humanistic therapist?

A) Humans are naturally good and able to make choices about their lives.
B) Humans are creative and will guide their own behavior towards their full potential.
C) The therapeutic relationship is not very important because growth towards potential is inevitable.
D) Clients are equal partners in the therapeutic endeavor.

Answer 1

The therapeutic relationship is not very important because growth towards potential is inevitable.

Question 2

Which of the following would be a likely goal a person-centered therapist would set for his or her client?

A) improving interpersonal communication
B) increased satisfaction with work and play
C) the ability to love unconditionally
D) none of the above, person-centered therapists don't set goals for their clients

Answer 2

none of the above, person-centered therapists don't set goals for their clients

Question 3

Relational psychodynamic psychotherapies

A) stress the importance of early relationships.
B) borrow heavily from psychoanalysis, ego-analysis, person-centered, and humanistic approaches.
C) are often referred to as "two-person theories."
D) all of the above

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

What was a significant characteristic of Alfred Adler's approach to psychotherapy?

A) Adler focused on exploring and altering maladaptive lifestyles.
B) Adler used homework and modeling as ways to help clients become aware of their lifestyle.
C) Adler focused more on the social and relational aspects of psychopathology and less on intrapsychic conflicts.
D) all of the above

Question 5

Defense mechanisms

A) are conscious strategies that the ego employs to contain anxiety.
B) are always successful and adaptive.
C) can be at the root of behaviors that cause client distress.
D) are always problematic and must be eradicated as a goal of treatment.

Question 6

Which of the following are sources of unconscious material that psychoanalysts utilize?

A) free association material
B) slips of the tongue, body language
C) accidents, memory lapses, humor
D) all of the above would be material that would interest an analyst

Question 7

_________________ is the process of bringing maladaptive patterns of relating into the therapy, whereby typical patterns of relationships are re-enacted with the therapist.

A) Dynamic conflict
B) Catharsis
C) Transference
D) Countertransference

Question 8

Which of the following is true about psychodynamic psychotherapy?

A) It is practiced by only 2% of clinicians.
B) Its foundations have been largely challenged and discredited.
C) It has failed to evolve to keep up with the demands of modern clinical practice.
D) It is the second most popular approach to therapy among faculty at accredited graduate programs.

Question 9

The person-centered therapist's primary responsibility is to

A) encourage the client to explore positive directions for growth.
B) provide an atmosphere in which the client is comfortable exploring thoughts and feelings.
C) truly like the client.
D) plan homework assignments that will encourage growth activities between sessions.

Question 10

Which of the following are listed in the correct order of occurrence in psychoanalysis?

A) transference, resistance, interpretation, working through
B) defensiveness, resistance, working through, transference
C) interpretation, defensiveness, psychic determinism, working through
D) none of the above, there is no predictable course of therapy in psychoanalysis

Question 11

Humanistic approaches to psychotherapy emphasize _________________, while psychodynamic therapies emphasize__________________.

A) immediate experience; unconscious conflict
B) man's inherent goodness; man's tendency towards evil
C) childhood experiences; adult trauma
D) all of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a goal of psychoanalysis?

A) repairing the mother-child rupture
B) intellectual and emotional insight into the causes of problems
C) strengthening the ego's control over the id and superego
D) working through the implications of insights into causes of problems

Question 13

The theorists who sought to use psychoanalytic techniques to understand and explore clients' strengths and adaptive ego functions are collectively called

A) individual psychologists.
B) object-relations therapists.
C) ego analysts.
D) reverse psychoanalysts.

Question 14

Congruence in person-centered therapy means

A) that the therapist must say whatever is on her mind.
B) that the therapist must maintain a professional facade, so as not in influence the client's understanding of his own feelings.
C) the therapist is genuine; his or her feelings and actions are consistent with one another.
D) "going with the gut" in reacting to the material the client brings up.

Question 15

After a trip to New York City, a client shares a dream in which she fell off the Empire State Building.In analyzing this dream, the Empire State Building would be considered the ______________ and the falling off would be the __________________.

A) manifest content; latent content
B) latent content; manifest content
C) phallic symbol; dream work
D) structural dimension; transference fear

Question 16

When an empathic therapist tries to understand what it would be like to be his client, Rogers would say he is using a(n)

A) internal frame of reference.
B) external frame of reference.
C) empathic congruence.
D) reflective stance.

Question 17

In object relations therapy, "object relations" refer to

A) the importance placed on things the client owns.
B) how individuals relate to the social world and things around them.
C) relationships that develop from the earliest infant-caregiver interactions.
D) all of the above

Question 18

A similarity between Kohut's self-psychology practitioners and the object relations therapists is that they both

A) remain relatively passive in the therapeutic relationship.
B) attempt to provide remedial nurturing and attachment experiences.
C) view therapy as a short-term endeavor.
D) all of the above

Question 19

Which of the following approaches stress pragmatic goals, establishing a therapeutic alliance as quickly as possible, and focusing on a current crisis or problem?

A) relational psychodynamic psychotherapy
B) object relations psychotherapy
C) ego psychoanalytic therapy
D) short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an essential proposition of the psychoanalytic approach?

A) Mental life is best understood as a dynamic interaction of competing forces.
B) Mental life occurs mainly at an unconscious level.
C) There is a relationship between a client's developmental history and current problems.
D) Most learning is observational.

Question 21

Discuss the dual role of reflection in person-centered therapy.

Question 22

Discuss the interaction between the level of disturbance a client is exhibiting and the therapist's decision to use supportive or expressive approaches.

Question 23

The psychoanalytic continuum from unconscious to preconscious, to conscious thought is called the structural model of the mind.

Question 24

The therapeutic approach that is often used with resistant clients, such as substance abusers, is called

A) Gestalt therapy.
B) existential psychotherapy.
C) postmodern humanism.
D) motivational interviewing.

Question 25

A Gestalt therapist is likely to be _________________ and _________________that a person-centered therapist.

A) more directive; less confrontative
B) less confrontative; less directive
C) more directive; more confrontative
D) more empathic; less concerned about avoidance

Question 26

Transference is useful in therapy because of the fact that to the extent that a new relationship is similar to an old one, reactions based on the old relationship are likely to occur.

Question 27

The therapeutic approach developed in Europe following the World Wars than helps clients explore fully what it means to be alive is called

A) existential psychotherapy.
B) Gestalt therapy.
C) humanistic determinism.
D) postmodern humanism.

Question 28

A primary goal of Gestalt therapy is to

A) help clients become aware of genuine feelings they have disowned.
B) recognize the feelings and values that they have borrowed from other people.
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 29

Short-term psychodynamic therapy emphasizes pragmatic goals and attempts to meet them in less than 10 sessions.

Question 30

Relative to psychodynamic approaches, humanistic approaches

A) were among the earliest at attempting empirical research on the therapeutic endeavor.
B) are more likely to be utilized in counseling psychology programs than clinical psychology programs.
C) are less appealing to practitioners who seek a more active role in therapy.
D) all of the above

Question 31

What are some reasons why therapists might gravitate away from strict psychoanalytic approaches toward object relations or ego-analytic approaches?

Question 32

Carl Rogers was the first to recognize the need for scientific research to substantiate the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions.

Question 33

A transference neurosis occurs when the client unconsciously replicates other relationships with the therapist.

Question 34

By developing psychoanalysis, Freud can be considered the founder of psychotherapy as we know it today.

Question 35

Emotion-focused therapy helps clients avoid feelings of vulnerability.

Question 36

Discuss the ways in which psychoanalytic theory continues to influence most approaches to psychotherapy today.

Question 37

Existential therapists encourage clients to develop a sense of meaning and purpose in their lives.

Question 38

What could be considered the main contribution of humanistic therapies to the larger field of psychotherapy?

Question 39

In order to express unconditional positive regard, the therapist must approve of all the things the client says.