Deck 11: Clinical Child Psychology

Question 1

Major depressive disorder

A) is almost never seen in children or adolescents.
B) is more common in male adolescents than female adolescents.
C) may present different symptom patterns based on the child's developmental stage.
D) requires the person to experience sadness, lethargy, and/or disturbances in energy for at least two months.

Answer 1

may present different symptom patterns based on the child's developmental stage.

Question 2

When a child experiences depression, anxiety, somatic problems, and other significant discomfort, these are indications of

A) comorbid behaviors.
B) internalizing behaviors.
C) externalizing behaviors.
D) resilient behaviors.

Answer 2

internalizing behaviors.

Question 3

Characteristics within the child, family, or community that increase the probability a child will develop an emotional or psychological problem are called

A) abusive environments.
B) protective factors.
C) risk factors.
D) developmental resilience factors.

Answer 3

risk factors.

Question 4

The most common intelligence test used with children is the ___________ and the most frequently used achievement test is the ____________.

A) Thematic Apperception Test; WJ-III
B) WISC-IV; Rorschach
C) WISC-IV; WJ-III
D) WJ-III; WISC-IV

Question 5

An understanding that a child's temperament and behavior influences parental behavior, and that parental tolerance and responses alter child behavior is reflected in the concept of

A) risk and resilience.
B) reciprocal or bidirectional interactions.
C) the coercion-escalation hypothesis.
D) the reinforcement trap.

Question 6

Comorbidity

A) is the co-occurrence of two or more disorders.
B) often happens in adult populations.
C) tends to be the rule, rather than the exception, in child clinical populations.
D) all of the above

Question 7

The relatively new field of study that looks at the study of childhood disorders in the context of the development of competencies, as well as disorders, is

A) clinical developmental assessment.
B) behavioral developmental pathology.
C) developmental psychopathology.
D) developmental clinical intervention.

Question 8

ADHD

A) is considered one of the most common childhood disorders.
B) affects more girls than boys.
C) usually appears after third grade when school work becomes more demanding.
D) is almost always outgrown in adulthood.

Question 9

When prevalence estimates for CD and ODD are combined, ___________of children can be considered to have one of these disruptive disorders.

A) 2% to 10% of both boys and girls
B) 2% to 16% of girls and 4% to 16% of boys
C) 4% to 25% of girls and boys
D) 4% to 25% of girls or 4% to 32% of boys

Question 10

Behavioral observations

A) are considered an integral part of the assessment of childhood disorders.
B) are regularly done by clinicians making home visits.
C) are rarely used since the behavior rating scales that parents complete are so well-validated and complete.
D) are no more important for child assessments than for adult assessments.

Question 11

Estimates of abuse in the general child population are _______________, while estimates of the percentage of children seeking psychological care who have been abused are about _______________.

A) 5% to 26%; 46%
B) 25% to 50%; 75%
C) 10%-15%; 46%
D) these estimates have been impossible to calculate.

Question 12

One main reason for the development of clinical child psychology is the finding that

A) traditional adult-oriented approaches to assessment and intervention may have limited applicability for childhood disorders.
B) there is an overabundance of adult therapists.
C) adult outcome research is directly applicable to childhood disorders.
D) all of the above

Question 13

The only consistent developmental data included in the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria are

A) clinically derived systems.
B) age of onset and course of the disorder.
C) comorbidity estimates.
D) using a special axis for child disorders.

Question 14

The use of projective tests with children

A) has increased in recent years.
B) is less controversial that the use of such tests with adults.
C) "sometimes…tell us poorly something we already know."
D) provides information that it is impossible to get through observation or interviews.

Question 15

The concept of normative discontent illustrates

A) how normally occurring behaviors become disordered.
B) how important it is to understand a child's developmental level when assessing problems.
C) how distinct disordered behavior is from typical behaviors.
D) all of the above

Question 16

Poverty is associated with which of the following?

A) housing instability
B) chaotic family environments
C) exposure to maladaptive peer networks
D) all of the above

Question 17

Conduct disorder (CD)

A) is more severe than Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD).
B) is often preceded by ODD.
C) is referred to in the DSM as a disruptive behavior disorder.
D) all of the above

Question 18

Behavior rating scales are

A) rarely used in clinical child assessments.
B) can be used to improve rapport in the early stages of treatment.
C) are inexpensive, easy to administer, and usually reliable and valid.
D) all of the above

Question 19

The core features of ADHD include

A) inattention.
B) impulsivity.
C) overactivity.
D) all of the above

Question 20

When a child is exhibits acting-out behavior, such as aggression and delinquency, these behaviors are considered

A) comorbid behaviors.
B) internalizing behaviors.
C) externalizing behaviors.
D) resilient behaviors.

Question 21

Diagnosing childhood disorders can be challenging because many children evidence symptoms at some point in their lives.

Question 22

Over half of children with diagnosable psychological disorders receive outpatient mental health treatment.

Question 23

As with assessment, child therapy poses particular challenges to clinicians related to the fact that children

A) often are eager to get their problems solved and try to rush the process.
B) don't refer themselves for treatment and so successful treatment often requires parental motivation and cooperation.
C) have difficulty forming an alliance with the therapist because they are still attached to their parents.
D) all of the above

Question 24

Behavior problems and academic difficulties are related in complex ways, with one often affecting the other.

Question 25

Although growing up in poverty is known to be a risk factor for a variety of disorders, since it affects less than 10% of the population, it is rarely considered a significant issue for psychologists to pay attention to.

Question 26

For much of the 20th century, behavior and emotional disorders in children were largely overlooked.

Question 27

Pediatric psychologists received specialized training in

A) the administration of children's hospitals.
B) mental health problems associated with physical conditions.
C) the administration and prescribing of medications to children.
D) all of the above

Question 28

It is very rare that a family member, or person known to the family, is a perpetrator of sexual abuse on a child.

Question 29

Behavior rating scales have become a standard part of almost all child assessment batteries because they are inexpensive, easy to administer, and usually reliable and valid.

Question 30

The broadband concepts of internalizing and externalizing disorders are new to the field and lack empirical support.

Question 31

Discuss Patterson's approach of looking at how parents and children "teach" one another to rely on behaviors that tend to increase childhood aggressiveness.

Question 32

A difficult temperament, which is usually considered largely genetically determined, is considered a risk factor for psychological disorders.

Question 33

Discuss the factors that affect the degree of negative impact sexual abuse is likely to have on a child.

Question 34

Pediatric psychologists are committed to

A) the treatment of mental conditions in children that are related to physical illnesses.
B) the prevention of mental conditions that might arise because of physical illnesses in children.
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 35

Autistic spectrum disorders

A) have evidenced an alarming rate of increase in the past decade.
B) are characterized by difficulties in social functioning.
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 36

Which of the following characteristics were found to be related to increased improvement in child and adolescent functioning?

A) therapeutic alliance with the parent
B) child's and parent's willingness to participate in treatment
C) therapist interpersonal and direct influence skills
D) all of the above

Question 37

Children display resilience when they show positive outcomes even when exposed to one or more risk factors.

Question 38

Asperger's disorder is

A) a less severe pervasive developmental disorder than autistic disorder.
B) is characterized by poor social skills.
C) more common than autistic disorder.
D) all of the above

Question 39

Discuss the reasons that, after years of focusing on adult disorders, attention is now being devoted to understanding and treating childhood psychopathology.

Question 40

Children with separation anxiety disorder

A) are more likely to be boys than girls.
B) can be diagnosed from the age of 12 months.
C) experience symptoms of distress upon separation from their caregivers for at least four months.
D) experience distress upon separation, concerns about future separations, and are reluctant to be alone.

Question 41

Discuss why high rates of comorbidity among childhood disorders raise questions about the validity of the DSM system.

Question 42

Why is there an increasing interest in collaboration among professionals who are interested in improving children's lives?

Question 43

Why do some clinicians have some concerns with structured interviews?

Question 44

How are risk factors, protective factors, and resilience related?