Deck 10: Gays and Other Targets of Stigma

Question 1

All of the following are ways gay women are like heterosexual women,EXCEPT

A)they can carry on a comfortable relationship with straight people.
B)they were often tomboys in childhood.
C)they are more interested in relationship and love.
D)they have a desire to be mothers.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Something a person has or does that others see as bad in some way is the definition of

A)a phobia.
B)an obsession.
C)a falsehood.
D)a stigma.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following statements about homosexuality and religion is TRUE?

A)Many religions consider homosexuality a sin.
B)Gays rarely attend religious services because they are almost always discriminated against.
C)Gays agree that their homosexuality is a sin,but they feel they can't do much about it.
D)Few,if any,pastors are willing to perform same-sex marriages.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Greg was about 17 when he realized that he wasn't very interested in women.Instead,he was attracted to and wanted to have sex with men but hoped he would grow away from these feelings in time.He was in the __________ stage of acquiring a gay identity.

A)sensitization
B)dissociation
C)coming out
D)commitment

Question 5

According to the text,male couples are happier when they

A)perceive their relationships as egalitarian.
B)are far more sexually exclusive.
C)take roles of husband and wife from traditional society.
D)embrace a heterosexual power balance.

Question 6

All of the following are myths about homosexuality,EXCEPT that homosexuals

A)are typically effeminate.
B)have about as much sex as heterosexuals.
C)cannot have satisfactory sex lives.
D)are very promiscuous.

Question 7

The four stages whereby male homosexuals come to acquire their gay identity are sensitization,dissociation,coming out,and

A)homosexual affirmation.
B)public affirmation.
C)desensitization.
D)commitment.

Question 8

The greater promiscuity among gay men has to do with their

A)rejection of females.
B)homosexuality.
C)male gender role.
D)hormone levels.

Question 9

A(n)_____________ is a characteristic or feature that is considered discrediting by others.

A)phobia
B)obsession
C)stigma
D)intolerance

Question 10

Which of the following events has produced a significant shift from sexual promiscuity to monogamy among homosexuals?

A)the AIDS crisis of the early 1980s
B)the outlawing of homosexual behavior in many states
C)the closing of homosexual bathhouses,men's rooms,and gay bars
D)the realization by many gays that their lifestyle is sinful

Question 11

Which of the following persons has an unjustifiable stigma?

A)an obese person
B)a murderer
C)a rapist
D)a child abuser

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the differences between sexual orientations is TRUE?

A)People are either completely gay or completely straight.
B)If a person commits one or two homosexual acts,he or she is considered gay or lesbian.
C)The difference between sexual orientation is actually a matter of degree.
D)Sexual orientation is strongly related to being male or female.

Question 13

According to a recent representative sample of the U.S.adult population,the percentage of Americans that have ever engaged in same-sex behavior is about __________ percent.

A)5
B)8
C)20
D)30

Question 14

When it comes to their political orientations,most gays and lesbians tend to lean toward

A)the Republican Party.
B)the Democratic Party
C)the Reform Party.
D)None of the above

Question 15

According to the text,which of the following is NOT a criticism of the biological theories of homosexuality?

A)AIDS may change brain size.
B)Genetic studies are vague on what the "gay gene" is and where it might reside.
C)Identical twins are likely to develop similar behavior patterns.
D)The social environment might better account for why identical twins both become homosexual.

Question 16

Studies that seem to support the biological theory of homosexuality

A)have clearly demonstrated that biological factors are a determinant of homosexuality.
B)strongly demonstrate that only biological factors can cause homosexuality.
C)conclude that social factors are actually more important than biological factors.
D)can only suggest that biological factors create a predisposition toward homosexuality.

Question 17

Research has documented that children raised by gay parents

A)are much more likely to become gay themselves.
B)are no more likely than children with heterosexual parents to become homosexual.
C)very rarely have any problems accepting their parents or being accepted by friends.
D)usually have psychological and school problems.

Question 18

In attempting to define what a homosexual is,Kinsey rejected the idea that

A)a person is either exclusively heterosexual or homosexual.
B)the human mind invents categories about sexuality and tries to force all persons into those categories.
C)a person can have a wide variety of forms of sexual experience.
D)human experience,including sexual experience,is a continuum and varies in many ways.

Question 19

Today,if two gays truly fall in love,increasingly they will

A)get married.
B)continue to date others.
C)finally initiate sexual relations.
D)become domestic partners.

Question 20

Since 1973,the American Psychiatric Association has referred to the problems that some homosexuals have with their sexual orientation as

A)variant sexual orientation.
B)special sexual preference.
C)sexual orientation disturbance.
D)abnormal sexual preference.

Question 21

Which of the following actions would be most typical of a transvestite?

A)a man becoming a woman
B)surgery to solve an ambiguous sex
C)a sex change operation
D)cross-dressing

Question 22

According to the text,AIDS among homosexuals has substantially declined because of

A)a decline in drug use.
B)safer sex practices.
C)abstaining from sex.
D)having more sex with heterosexuals.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a reason why public sentiment has recently become more sympathetic to those with AIDS?

A)Many thousands of gays and lesbians have joined the fight against the disease,and thus have gained respect from the general public.
B)Many widely admired and loved celebrities,like Rock Hudson,have died of AIDS.
C)Many heterosexual persons have become afflicted with AIDS.
D)The public has come largely to accept the legitimacy of the homosexual lifestyle.

Question 24

In the 1980s,the homophobic society blamed the emergence of AIDS on

A)religious intervention.
B)promiscuity among gay men.
C)a lack of knowledge regarding on safe sex practices.
D)the recent push for gay rights.

Question 25

A key event in the early development of the gay rights movement was

A)the formation of many gay organizations.
B)the formation of many anti-gay organizations.
C)the police raid on the Stonewall Inn,a gay bar in New York,leading to a strong reaction by gays.
D)a granting of legal rights by the Supreme Court.

Question 26

According to popular belief,bisexuals are

A)totally unique persons with a third kind of sexual identity.
B)a legitimate and healthy identity.
C)basically straights with a taste for exotic adventure.
D)the result of some childhood trauma.

Question 27

All of the following are results of the gay power movement of the 70s EXCEPT

A)40 of the 50 states legalized consensual sex between same-sex adults.
B)A number of court decisions upheld gays' right to teach.
C)The American Psychiatric Association stopped listing same-sex orientation as a psychiatric disorder.
D)A number of big corporations announced their willingness to hire gays and lesbians.

Question 28

Which of the following statements about the nature and extent of homophobia is not true?

A)Most Americans do not believe we should deny the sexual minority the same rights enjoyed by the sexual majority.
B)U.S. society is not deeply ambivalent about its sexual minority.
C)A majority of Americans practice discrimination against the sexual minority.
D)A majority of Americans condemn same-sex orientation as morally wrong.

Question 29

Research has shown that if a mother has much more physical contact with her son and has less contact with her daughter,

A)her son is more likely to become gay while her daughter will more likely be heterosexual.
B)her daughter is more likely to become lesbian while her son will more likely be heterosexual.
C)her son is more likely to become gay and her daughter is more likely to become lesbian.
D)nothing much will happen because children are born with homosexual tendencies.

Question 30

All of the following are illogical grounds for opposing homosexuality on the basis of the need for reproduction,EXCEPT

A)almost all couples have sex for pleasure,not reproduction.
B)the reproductive norm is not held against infertile heterosexual couples in the same way it is held against homosexual couples.
C)few people are currently having sexual relations.
D)heterosexual couples often violate the reproductive norm.

Question 31

According to social constructionists,which of the following overall statements about the causes of homosexuality is true?

A)Genetic and other biological factors cause homosexuality.
B)The social environment causes homosexuality.
C)Homosexuality is a label that affects how gays and lesbians live their lives.
D)Competent scientists know what causes homosexuality.

Question 32

Which of the following events has led the gay rights movement to shift into a high gear in the 1980s?

A)the Kinsey report that documented that a large number of people are gay
B)the outbreak of the AIDS epidemic
C)the outbreak of a new wave of anti-gay prejudice and discrimination
D)actions by then-President Clinton and others in support of the gay rights movement

Question 33

Which of the following statements about homophobia from a global perspective is true?

A)The United States has less homophobia than any other country in the world.
B)The United States has more homophobia than any other country in the world.
C)Countries like Russia and Zimbabwe have strong and sometimes violent traditions of homophobia.
D)Homosexuals are treated equally in most countries of the world.

Question 34

Which of the following norms is used to define homosexuality as deviant?

A)the norm of sexual exclusiveness
B)the norm that couples should nurture children together
C)the norm that married couples should produce children
D)the norm that love should precede sex

Question 35

The majority of new AIDS cases today come from

A)older homosexuals.
B)younger homosexuals.
C)lesbians.
D)IV drug users.

Question 36

Herman is a 50-year-old high school graduate and a Republican who hangs out with his friends after work.He is more likely to

A)have homosexuals as friends.
B)have few opinions about homosexuality.
C)be homophobic.
D)support gay rights legislation.

Question 37

All of the following are social and psychological problems experienced by most gays and lesbians,EXCEPT that same-sex couples

A)are denied health insurance and other benefits enjoyed by heterosexuals.
B)must deal with a younger and much more homophobic generation.
C)develop constant tension,self-hatred,and depression.
D)experience conflict over their self-identities.

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of the situational type of homosexual behavior?

A)a male prostitute hustling on the street
B)a call boy working for a gay escort service
C)a married woman who has sex with a girlfriend once a week
D)a stripteaser who rarely has time to date after work

Question 39

Trades,or men who often go to public restrooms for impersonal sex,

A)define themselves as homosexuals.
B)see themselves as straight and masculine.
C)have otherwise normal levels of sex with their wives.
D)are from the upper-middle class.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT an example of a transgendered person?

A)a homosexual
B)an intersexual
C)a transsexual
D)a transvestite

Question 41

Which of the following is one of the consequences of the stigma put on fatness?

A)a huge industry of selling diet books and exercise programs
B)a belief that obesity is genetic and not deserving of stigma
C)a massive movement toward losing weight,making obesity a problem for only a few persons
D)a change in the norms of beauty from slimness to fatness

Question 42

Homosexuals,the obese,and the tattooed are examples of populations that experience unjustifiable stigmas.

Question 43

Lesbians generally display masculine characteristics.

Question 44

The famous sex researcher,Alfred Kinsey,asserted that heterosexuals and homosexuals made up two very distinct populations.

Question 45

All of the following are ways in which tattoo owners contend with their deviance EXCEPT

A)condemning the condemner of tattoos.
B)trying to convince friends and family to get tattoos as well.
C)using conventional motivations to justify the desire for tattoos.
D)committing oneself to a conventional life.

Question 46

Practically all parents are upset when they find out that their child is gay.

Question 47

About 3.5 percent of Americans have a gay or lesbian self-identity.

Question 48

Lesbians are more interested in finding lovers than making friends.

Question 49

Many people who get tattoos select designs that conform to conventional aesthetics and commit themselves to a conventional lifestyle.The reason for these behaviors is to

A)show to others that they are somehow disreputable.
B)express their desire for freedom from a middle-class way of life.
C)de-stigmatize the tattoos and maintain a middle-class status.
D)have tattoos that others will see as "cooler" than others.

Question 50

Gays and lesbians generally lean toward the Republican Party.

Question 51

Which of the following statements reveals a biased view of the disabled by "normal" people?

A)The person's disability is the totality of his or her self.
B)People with disabilities are always less desirable than normal people.
C)Criteria of competence should be biased in favor of normal people.
D)All of the above statements are biased views of the disabled.

Question 52

Children raised by homosexuals have a greater propensity to become gay,compared to those raised by heterosexual couples.

Question 53

Homosexuality is still listed as a psychopathology by the American Psychological Association.

Question 54

Many parents conceal the sexual orientation of their gay child due to society's stigma on gays.

Question 55

Most gay men are involved in long-term relationships characterized by power equality between partners.

Question 56

The first stage of acquiring a gay identity is "coming out," which is when a young homosexual becomes involved in the homosexual subculture.

Question 57

Homosexuals are generally effeminate.

Question 58

Lesbians and gays are generally better educated than heterosexuals,possibly due to an overallotment toward studying as a result of ostracism.

Question 59

In recent years,the social stigma attached to fatness has

A)only increased.
B)decreased slightly.
C)decreased drastically.
D)stayed about the same.

Question 60

Nearly all homosexuals are sexually hyperactive and have sex all of the time.

Question 61

Most persons who are homophobic are less educated and more racially prejudiced.

Question 62

Most sociologists assume that being born with the homosexual tendency is the only factor with influence on becoming a homosexual.

Question 63

Because many churches and synagogues condemn same-sex practices,gays and lesbians do not typically associate themselves with a major faith or denomination at the same rate as heterosexuals.

Question 64

The growth of the AIDS epidemic led to the revitalization of the gay rights movement.

Question 65

Most people who get tattooed do so because they feel they do not have to contend with traditional aversions to deviancy.

Question 66

Many obese people internalize their stigma,agreeing with others that they are to blame for their obesity.

Question 67

__________ is something a person has or does that others see as bad in some way.

Question 68

As a result of the gay power movement of the 70s,every state in the union legalized consensual sex between same-sex adults.

Question 69

For most disabled people,the totality of themselves is in their disability.

Question 70

A transsexual is someone who has undergone gender confirmation surgery.

Question 71

Most disabled people do not pay attention to their disability.

Question 72

Most Americans support the proposition that the sexual minority should have fewer rights than the sexual majority.

Question 73

A transsexual is someone who identifies him- or herself as a member of the opposite sex,while transvestites cross-dress.

Question 74

Many parents of a gay child are victims of society's anti-gay culture and hide the fact that their child is gay.

Question 75

Oftentimes,those who get tattoos will utilize conventional motivations to justify the desire for tattoos.

Question 76

Both trades and street-hustlers have strong commitments to homosexual activities.

Question 77

Most sociologists assume that gays and lesbians may be born with a biological predisposition that makes them more likely than other children to be attracted to members of the same sex.

Question 78

Most gays and lesbians adjust to homophobia without personal or social problems.

Question 79

The word homophobia originally referred only to the mistrust of same-sex individuals.

Question 80

According to sociological theories on homosexuality,biological predispositions often shows up via cross-gender behavior in children.