Deck 17: Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

Question 1

Which of the following is mismatched?

A)IgSF[emdash]chondroitin
B)cadherinscalcium ions
C)selectinsleukocytes
D)cadherinsembryonic development
E)lectinscarbohydrates

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is not associated with adhesive junctions?

A)desmosomes
B)hemidesmosomes
C)plaques
D)connexin
E)cadherins

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is false with regard to the extracellular matrix?

A)These structures are external to the cell membrane, but are still an integral component of cell function.
B)Extracellular matrices are only found in association with eukaryotic cells.
C)Extracellular matrices play a role in determining the shape of a cell.
D)Bone and cartilage are examples of cells that have specialized extracellular matrices associated with their function.
E)Extracellular matrices play a role in determining the mechanical properties of tissues and organs.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In animal cells,the extracellular matrix plays important roles in all of the following processes except

A)cell division.
B)motility.
C)DNA replication.
D)differentiation.
E)adhesion.

Question 5

You discover a dog suffering from a strange disorder that is due to an autoimmune response against its own cells.Upon further investigation,you find that the cells of various tissues are loosely arranged and do not have characteristic shapes and that the animal is prone to hemorrhage as the result of poor blood clotting.Based on these results,the target of the autoimmune response could be

A)fibronectins.
B)laminins.
C)extensins.
D)pectins.
E)desmotubules.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true regarding cell-cell adhesion?

A)Adhesion is coordinated with many cellular processes except cell survival.
B)Adhesion molecules include plakoglobulin, which cements two cells together.
C)Adherens junctions are exclusive to plant cells.
D)Adhesive junctions are characterized by the attachment of long molecules of hyaluronate.
E)Adhesive junctions are dynamic in response to cellular signals.

Question 7

Which of the following components is not associated with the primary cell wall?

A)cellulose microfibrils
B)hemicelluloses
C)pectins
D)glycoproteins
E)lignins

Question 8

In which of the following organs would you expect to find adhesive junctions in humans?

A)heart muscle
B)skin epithelium
C)uterus
D)both choices A and B
E)choices A, B, and C

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct order for the synthesis of the plant cell wall,from the outermost layer to the innermost layer?

A)middle lamella; primary cell wall; secondary cell wall; plasma membrane
B)primary cell wall; middle lamella; secondary cell wall; plasma membrane
C)plasma membrane; secondary cell wall; primary cell wall; middle lamella
D)middle lamella; secondary cell wall; primary cell wall; middle lamella
E)primary cell wall; secondary cell wall; plasma membrane; middle lamella

Question 10

You are investigating a clinical disorder in one of your patients.You discover that the patient has an autoimmune disease that targets and destroys fibroblasts.This disorder would most likely affect

A)fiber production by the cells, as occurs with blood clotting.
B)annulus formation.
C)hyluronate production in the joints.
D)collagen production.
E)all of the above

Question 11

Which of the following activities is not associated with cadherins?

A)segregation of cells to specific tissues
B)paracellular transport
C)embryonic development
D)establishment of synaptic connections
E)loss of activity associated with cancer

Question 12

A person is genotypically blood type A.However,this individual also does not produce the lipid to which N-acetylgalactosamine is added,so the lipid is therefore not expressed on the surface of erythrocytes.This situation is known as the Bombay phenotype.When tested,this person will appear to be blood type

A)A.
B)B.
C)AB.
D)O.

Question 13

A newly defined autoimmune disorder has resulted in an immune response against Type V collagen fibers.As a result,the most likely organ to be targeted in this response would be the

A)skin.
B)heart.
C)lungs.
D)stomach.
E)tongue.

Question 14

Paracellular transport is associated with which of the following?

A)adherens junctions
B)integrins
C)desmosomes
D)tight junctions
E)hemidesmosomes

Question 15

A person with neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in circulation has which of blood type?

A)A
B)B
C)AB
D)O

Question 16

Which of the following is correctly paired with regard to similarity in function?

A)adhesive junctions-tight junctions
B)desmotubule-gap junction
C)tight junctions-gap junctions
D)plaques-plasmodesmata
E)connexons-desmosomes

Question 17

The function of integrin-linked kinase during integrin-based signaling is

A)integrin activation.
B)anchorage-dependent growth.
C)scaffolding protein.
D)cell movement.
E)anchorage-independent growth.

Question 18

Polarized cells are characterized by

A)random orientation within a tissue.
B)a polar flagellum.
C)random orientation within an organ.
D)distinct apical and basolateral sides.
E)both choices B and D

Question 19

Which of the following cell junctions are associated with the proper alignment of intestinal epithelial cells?

A)gap junctions
B)adhesive junctions
C)tight junctions
D)desmosomes
E)all of the above

Question 20

A patient is rushed to the emergency room and immediately needs a blood transfusion.The patient is found to have only anti-A antibodies in circulation.The blood type of this individual must be

A)A.
B)B.
C)AB.
D)O.

Question 21

You are investigating cell localization by targeting the carbohydrates associated with various cell types.Based on this molecule's ability to bind various carbohydrates,which of the following would help determine which carbohydrates are found on the cell surface?

A)cadherins
B)proteoglycans
C)pectins
D)connexins
E)lectins

Question 22

In the extracellular matrix of animal cells,collagen and elastin fibers are embedded with this matrix.

A)glycoaminoglycans
B)proteoglycans
C)pectins
D)lignins
E)both choices A and B

Question 23

A type of adhesive junction that is associated with the connection between an epithelial cell and the basal lamella is the

A)hemidesmosome.
B)desmosome.
C)gap junction.
D)plasmodesmata.
E)focal contact.

Question 24

A collection of fibrous intracellular attachment proteins is called a(n)

A)annulus.
B)connexon.
C)plaque.
D)tonofilament.
E)both choices C and D

Question 25

The autoimmune response to desmosomes or desmosomal components (not hemidesmosomes)leads to a blistering skin disease known as

A)pemphigus.
B)EhlersDanos syndrome.
C)syndecan.
D)junctional epidermolysis bullosa.
E)listeriosis.

Question 26

An elderly patient presents with blistering of the skin.You suspect an autoimmune disorder.If your suspicions are correct,the patient's serum should contain antibodies reactive to

A)talin.
B)vinculin.
C)α-actinin.
D)BPAG.
E)actin.

Question 27

The insoluble layer of aromatic alcohols that are primarily found in woody tissues are the

A)annulus.
B)cadherins.
C)proteoglycans.
D)lignins.
E)pectins.

Question 28

Focal contact is associated with which of the following type of cellular junction?

A)adhesive junction
B)gap junction
C)plasmodesmata
D)tight junctions
E)all of the above

Question 29

The organ where you would most likely expect to find actin microfilaments continuous with adherens junctions is the

A)liver.
B)stomach.
C)kidney.
D)brain.
E)heart.

Question 30

The primary polysaccharides associated with the plant cell wall are the

A)hemicelluloses.
B)extensins.
C)fibronectins.
D)pectins.
E)both choices A and D

Question 31

Collagens are associated with which of the following types of cellular junctions?

A)gap junctions
B)tight junctions
C)plasmodesmata
D)adhesive junctions
E)none of the above

Question 32

In performing research,you treat frog zygotes with antibodies that bind E-cadherin.As a result,you expect

A)the cells to become exclusively muscle tissue.
B)the cells to be loosely associated and abort development.
C)the cells to be loosely associated and develop into a novel strain of frog.
D)the cells to divide uncontrollably.
E)no change with regard to development.

Question 33

Which of the following is mismatched with regard to similar excellular structures in plant and animal cells?

A)elastins-extensins
B)extracellular matrix-cell wall
C)collagens-cellulose
D)proteoglycans-hemicelluloses
E)fibronectins-pectins

Question 34

Of the proteoglycans associated with the extracellular matrix in vertebrates,which of the following is associated with the lubrication of joints?

A)chondroitin sulfate
B)glucuronate
C)hyaluronate
D)keratan sulfate
E)mucoproteins

Question 35

Some observations have suggested to researchers that substances associated with the extracellular matrix may be involved in cell migration.This has been observed with the cell marker CD44 on the surface of cancer cells and their ability to be separate from one another and to easily metastasize to other regions of the body.This is most likely due to the interaction of CD44 and

A)chondrotin sulfate.
B)ICAMs.
C)hyaluronate.
D)fibronectins.
E)elastin.

Question 36

Which of the following is not associated with the basal lamina?

A)serves as a structural support
B)allows for movement of some small molecules
C)can influence cell migrations in certain areas of the body
D)contains collagen type IV, proteoglycans, laminins, and entactin
E)contains the most abundant supply of fibronectins.

Question 37

The plant cell wall network is comprised of all of the following except

A)hyaluronate.
B)cellulose.
C)extensin.
D)hemicellulose.
E)pectin.

Question 38

The molecule of the extracellular matrix of animal cells that is associated with joint lubrication and friction reduction is

A)glycosaminoglycan.
B)proteoglycan.
C)hyaluronate.
D)pectin.
E)fibronectin.

Question 39

The protein invasin is associated with

A)Yersinia psuedotuberculosis.
B)the construction of an integrin network in bacteria.
C)plasmodemata.
D)tight-junction ridge formation.
E)lubrication of joints.

Question 40

The type of cellular junction prominent in the stomach and kidney is the

A)plasmodesmata.
B)gap junction.
C)adhesive junction.
D)tight junction.
E)laminin junction.

Question 41

A genetic screening by amniocentesis reveals a defective L1-CAM gene.Based on this information,what defects do you expect,and why?

Question 42

Cadherins are associated with ________ junctions.

Question 43

Discuss the role of claudins in the structure of tight junctions.Propose what would happen to a tight junction if the extracellular loop were comprised of nonpolar amino acids.

Question 44

Free ________ molecules have lubricating properties and are therefore abundant in the joints,for example.

Question 45

In animal cells,adhesive glycoproteins such as ________ and ________ attach cells to the matrix.

Question 46

________ indirectly link the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton of animal cells.

Question 47

________ are the adhesive glycoproteins associated with most animal cells that function in calcium-mediated cell-cell recognition and adhesion.

Question 48

You are investigating the transmission of a particular cellular response in cultured cardiac cells.You suspect that there is some sort of cell-cell communication associated with this response because when you use extremely small doses of ligand (approximately 10 molecules of ligand in the dilution)you can stimulate profound responses from the cultured cells.Based on your knowledge of the responses,you suspect that calcium ions are involved and that signals for cytoplasmic release of the calcium ions are being transmitted from cell to cell via gap junctions.No factors such as hormones have been detected.Experimentally,how could you test your hypothesis?

Question 49

You have recently obtained a job with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Epidemiologists you work with have noted an unusual disease outbreak in Kenya that appears to be spread though the water.A sample has been sent to you to investigate how this microorganism interacts with the cells of the digestive system in order to invade the host.Describe how you would go about looking at cell surface proteins as a possible means of entry for this microorganism.

Question 50

The ________ serves as structural support,in tissue organization,and as a permeability barrier.

Question 51

________ is the name given to the layer of cell wall material shared between two adjacent plant cells.

Question 52

A(n)________ is the ring of cytoplasm lining the plasmodesmata.

Question 53

________ are insoluble polymers of aromatic alcohols that are primarily found in woody tissues.

Question 54

One of the most important roles of proteoglycans is to trap ________.

Question 55

________ are the polysaccharide portion of some protein glycans,which are characterized by repeating disaccharide units.

Question 56

A collection of collagen fibrils is a collagen ________.

Question 57

________ are cytoplasmic channels through openings in plant cell walls.

Question 58

The three most common glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)are ________,________,and ________.

Question 59

Cancer cells metastasize due to a variety of interactions with cell adhesions,cell junctions,and the extracellular matrix.Explain how cancer cells metastasize by three different mechanisms via cellular adhesion,cell junctions,and the extracellular matrix.