Deck 23: The Regulation of Gene Expression

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Question
A person with the genotype XXXY would be expected to have how many Barr bodies?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4
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Question
The main chromosome of a bacterial cell possesses the following genotype with regard to the lac operon: I⁻O⁺Z⁺Y⁻A⁻.This bacterial cell would

A)make LacZ in the presence of lactose.
B)make LacZ independently of lactose.
C)make LacZ and LacY in the presence of lactose.
D)make LacA in the presence of lactose.
E)make no Lac proteins.
Question
The situation in which an active regulatory protein "turns off" gene expression is an example of

A)a mutation.
B)positive control.
C)negative control.
D)constitutive gene elements.
E)unique regulation.
Question
The situation in which an active regulatory protein "turns on" gene expression is an example of

A)feedback inhibition.
B)positive control.
C)negative control.
D)constitutive gene elements.
E)a mutation.
Question
Sigma (σ)factors can regulate the initiation of transcription.Which of the following is not an example of σ regulation?

A)Some σ factors recognize promoters for genes whose products are necessary when the organism is under stress, such as heat shock.
B)Some σ factors recognize genes necessary for nitrogen utilization.
C)Bacteriophages may code for specific σ factors that bind the core RNA polymerase and result in recognition of viral promoters.
D)There are many σ sigma factors associated with eukaryotic organisms.
Question
Effector molecules

A)are associated with the induction of enzyme synthesis.
B)are associated with the repression of enzyme synthesis.
C)induce conformational changes.
D)are often small organic molecules.
E)all of the above
Question
You are examining an enzyme associated with glycolysis.As such,you would expect

A)the protein to be a hormone.
B)the protein to be induced by glucose.
C)the protein to be constitutively expressed.
D)the protein to be expressed only during development.
E)the protein to be expressed only during mitosis.
Question
A male is tested for cellular abnormalities.The technician notes that there are two Barr bodies present within each of his cells.As a result he has the genotype

A)XY.
B)XO.
C)XXX.
D)XXY.
E)XXXY.
Question
The genetic disorder(s)associated with DNA methylation include

A)Prader-Willi syndrome.
B)Angelman syndrome.
C)some cancers.
D)Huntington's disease.
E)all of the above
Question
The trp operon in E.coli is regulated in such a manner as to allow expression of the genes only when cellular levels of tryptophan are low.When tryptophan levels are adequate,the secondary structure of the mRNA halts translation.This form of regulation is known as

A)attenuation.
B)transcriptional regulation.
C)positive regulatory control.
D)negative regulatory control.
E)repression.
Question
A lacOᶜ mutant would

A)never make lac structural genes.
B)be constitutively expressed.
C)bind receptor protein.
D)have repressed expression.
E)be able to be induced by lactose.
Question
A lac <strong>A lac   mutant would</strong> A)be constitutive. B)no longer be induced by the presence of lactose. C)not have β-galatosidase activity. D)transport lactose into the cell effectively. E)metabolize lactose. <div style=padding-top: 35px> mutant would

A)be constitutive.
B)no longer be induced by the presence of lactose.
C)not have β-galatosidase activity.
D)transport lactose into the cell effectively.
E)metabolize lactose.
Question
The observed "puffs" in the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila are sites of

A)attenuation.
B)condensation.
C)induction.
D)transcription.
E)translation.
Question
The graph below shows a growth curve of E.coli growing in a defined medium containing equal molar amounts of glucose and lactose.
<strong>The graph below shows a growth curve of E.coli growing in a defined medium containing equal molar amounts of glucose and lactose.   Figure 23.1 Based on your knowledge of the regulation of the lac operon,the best explanation of these results is that</strong> A)early on, due to the presence of lactose, the bacteria utilize the lac operon. Glucose is used later. B)the bacteria are utilizing both sugars simultaneously. C)the presence of glucose causes the formation of cAMP catabolic repressor protein (CRP)complexes, which shut down the lac operon until the glucose is used up. D)glucose is used first. Once glucose becomes limiting, intracellular cAMP increases, forming cAMP-CRP complexes that activate the lac operon to use lactose. E)none of the above <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 23.1
Based on your knowledge of the regulation of the lac operon,the best explanation of these results is that

A)early on, due to the presence of lactose, the bacteria utilize the lac operon. Glucose is used later.
B)the bacteria are utilizing both sugars simultaneously.
C)the presence of glucose causes the formation of cAMP catabolic repressor protein (CRP)complexes, which shut down the lac operon until the glucose is used up.
D)glucose is used first. Once glucose becomes limiting, intracellular cAMP increases, forming cAMP-CRP complexes that activate the lac operon to use lactose.
E)none of the above
Question
Genes associated with embryonic development are known as

A)homologous genes.
B)sigma factors.
C)heterologous genes.
D)hopanoids.
E)homeotic genes.
Question
In eukaryotes,gene amplification is tolerated well when the amplified gene encodes for RNA products.However,it is rare or detrimental when the product is a protein.Why would it be advantageous for the cell to amplify the RNA-producing genes and not the protein-producing ones?

A)It allows for the manufacture of many RNA molecules when needed in the cell.
B)Proteins are amplified from a single mRNA molecule.
C)More RNA than protein is needed by the cell.
D)RNAs are amplified from a single protein molecule.
E)both choices A and B
Question
You are examining an enzyme associated with mannose catabolism.As such,you would expect the protein to be

A)degraded.
B)a hormone.
C)induced by mannose.
D)expressed only during development.
E)expressed only in neurons.
Question
Which of the following processes is associated with the altering of histone proteins in vivo?

A)acetylation
B)alkylation
C)methylation
D)transhydroxylation
E)both choices A and C
Question
Which of the following is an example of translational regulation?

A)protein degradation
B)DNA splicing
C)protein folding
D)mRNA degradation
E)DNA methylation
Question
An E.coli cell with the genotype lac <strong>An E.coli cell with the genotype lac         would make which of the following protein products and in what manner?</strong> A)LacZ, induced B)LacZ and Lac A, induced C)LacY, constituitive D)LacZ, constituitive E)LacZ and LacA, constituitive <div style=padding-top: 35px> <strong>An E.coli cell with the genotype lac         would make which of the following protein products and in what manner?</strong> A)LacZ, induced B)LacZ and Lac A, induced C)LacY, constituitive D)LacZ, constituitive E)LacZ and LacA, constituitive <div style=padding-top: 35px> <strong>An E.coli cell with the genotype lac         would make which of the following protein products and in what manner?</strong> A)LacZ, induced B)LacZ and Lac A, induced C)LacY, constituitive D)LacZ, constituitive E)LacZ and LacA, constituitive <div style=padding-top: 35px> <strong>An E.coli cell with the genotype lac         would make which of the following protein products and in what manner?</strong> A)LacZ, induced B)LacZ and Lac A, induced C)LacY, constituitive D)LacZ, constituitive E)LacZ and LacA, constituitive <div style=padding-top: 35px> would make which of the following protein products and in what manner?

A)LacZ, induced
B)LacZ and Lac A, induced
C)LacY, constituitive
D)LacZ, constituitive
E)LacZ and LacA, constituitive
Question
Regulation of genes between regulatory transcription factors and the RNA polymerase complex is mediated by

A)enhancers.
B)silencers.
C)cofactors.
D)coactivators.
E)sigma factors.
Question
Which of the following is not a structural motif associated with transcriptional regulation?

A)combinatorial model
B)helix-turn-helix
C)zinc finger
D)leucine zipper
E)helix-loop-helix
Question
A certain gene is transformed into a plant cell for potential use as a vaccine delivery system.Upon performing a Northern blot,a good deal of mRNA for the gene is produced.However,the protein product for the gene is not observed.One explanation may be that the

A)plant cell recognizes and degrades the protein in the cytoplasm.
B)plant ribosomes are not recognizing the mRNA translational initiation sites.
C)mRNA is not stable in the plant cytoplasm.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Question
The degradation of mRNA in the cells occurs in clusters known as

A)iRNA sites.
B)sRNA regions.
C)nuceoli.
D)P bodies.
E)N sites.
Question
Which of the following molecules coordinates the expression of nonadjacent genes?

A)leucine zippers
B)response elements
C)transcription factors
D)coactivators
E)control elements
Question
Of the enzymes associated with the metabolism of lactose with the lac operon,the one associated with transport of lactose into the cell is

A)β-galactosidase.
B)transacetylase.
C)galactoside permease.
D)β-lactase.
E)lactose translocase.
Question
Which of the following does not apply to eukaryotic gene regulation?

A)gene regulation by attenuation
B)regulation as a result of compartmentalization
C)mRNA degradation (turnover)
D)protein degradation (turnover)
E)protein folding
Question
A transcriptional regulator that decreases transcription of a gene from a vast distance is known as a(n)

A)enhancer.
B)upstream control element.
C)regulator.
D)nonsense mutation.
E)silencer.
Question
One mechanism that may lead to novel disease treatment involves ________,which hinders the translation of specific mRNAs.

A)siRNA
B)iRNA
C)P bodies
D)macro-RNAs
E)rRNA
Question
Riboswitches have been observed in

A)prokaryotes.
B)eukaryotes.
C)fungi.
D)algae.
E)yeast.
Question
Genes that are expressed only when needed are

A) unregulated.
B)mutations.
C)inducible.
D)constitutive.
E)anabolic.
Question
Within a genome,an enhancer may be located

A)upstream of the gene enhanced.
B)downstream of the gene enhanced.
C)within the gene enhanced.
D)choices A, B, and C
E)both choices A and B
Question
You are working with a gene associated with an essential pathway that is necessary at two time points in an organism's lifetime.With regard to gene regulation,you would expect the gene to be

A)not constitutive.
B)associated with response to distinct events.
C)"activated" by particular signals (induced).
D)"turned off" by particular signals (repressed).
E)all of the above
Question
In the lac operon,Iˢ mutations allow

A)constitutive expression of Lac proteins.
B)regulated expression of Lac proteins.
C)β-galactosidase activity only.
D)no expression of Lac proteins.
E)none of the above
Question
Genes that are always "turned on" in a cell are referred to as

A)regulated genes.
B)mutations.
C)inducible.
D)constitutive.
E)catabolic.
Question
The expression of thousands of genes simultaneously is easily accomplished using which of the following techniques?

A)siRNAs
B)Northern blotting
C)microarrays
D)Eastern blotting
E)PAGE analysis
Question
Small molecules that bind directly to mRNAs and effect transcription or translation are binding to regions of the mRNA known as

A)Shine-Delgarno sequences.
B)the operator region.
C)riboswitches.
D)ribozymes.
E)allosteric sites.
Question
You are studying a biochemical pathway.Preliminary results suggest that this pathway is subject to end-product repression.This pathway is therefore most likely to be a(n)________ pathway.

A)anabolic
B)catabolic
C)constitutive
D)induced
E)unregulated
Question
DNA rearrangements in vertebrates occur in the

A)glycolysis genes.
B)cell surface protein genes.
C)viral protein genes.
D)antibody genes.
E)none of the above
Question
The lac repressor is

A)active when glucose is present.
B)inactive when glucose is present.
C)active when both glucose and lactose are present.
D)induced when cAMP is present.
E)rarely active.
Question
________ is the term given to the process by which cells delete genes when the gene products are no longer required,as occurs in mammalian red blood cells.
Question
Multiple operons may be controlled by ________ or ________.
Question
A bacteria has the following lac operon genes located on the chromosome: I⁺P⁻Z⁻Y⁻A⁺.On a plasmid,this same bacterial cell has the lac genes I⁻P⁺Z⁻Y⁺A⁻.Which Lac proteins will be made? What type of protein expression (induced or constituitive)will there be for each protein that is made ?
Question
Discuss how DNA methylation is associated with genomic imprinting.Be sure to use examples.
Question
Groups of operons that are regulated by the same regulatory protein are known as ________.
Question
What is therapeutic cloning,and what are some of the ethical considerations for its use?
Question
The ________ experiments use an initial exposure to a radioactive compound in the mRNA followed by monitoring of the radioactive compound to determine its fate in the cell.
Question
Inactivated X chromsomes form dark spots in the nucleus known as ________.
Question
Regions of the genome that are inactive often have ________ of C nucleotides.
Question
Changes in gene expression that are not the result of changes to the gene itself are known as ________ changes.
Question
Although Dolly the cloned sheep and her nucleus donor are clones,they do not contain the same ________ DNA.
Question
An individual that is XXY has ________ Barr body(ies)in their cells.
Question
The nucleus of a differentiated cell contains all of the genetic information necessary to direct the development of an entire organism.This nucleus is therefore said to be ________.
Question
Transcriptionally active chromatin has a large content of ________ proteins,nonhistone proteins associated with chromatin.
Question
In order to activate genes associated with sugar metabolism,the levels of cAMP are ________ in a bacterial cell.
Question
How can you determine the type of regulatory control associated with a newly identified bacterial protein?
Question
What is the difference between trans- and cis-acting regulatory factors? Design an experiment that allows you to prove your answer to the question.
Question
In the lactose operon,a P mutant would have a mutation in the ________ region of the operon.
Question
Match between columns
enhanceosome
message containing information for a gene
enhanceosome
enhancer-associated transcription factors
enhanceosome
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
enhanceosome
enhancer-associated translation factors
enhanceosome
control expression of other genes essential in development
enhanceosome
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
enhanceosome
message containing information for multiple genes
enhanceosome
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
enhanceosome
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
enhanceosome
regulatory protein prevents transcription
enhanceosome
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
enhanceosome
regulatory protein allows transcription
enhanceosome
GC and CAAT boxes
silencer
message containing information for a gene
silencer
enhancer-associated transcription factors
silencer
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
silencer
enhancer-associated translation factors
silencer
control expression of other genes essential in development
silencer
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
silencer
message containing information for multiple genes
silencer
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
silencer
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
silencer
regulatory protein prevents transcription
silencer
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
silencer
regulatory protein allows transcription
silencer
GC and CAAT boxes
positive gene control
message containing information for a gene
positive gene control
enhancer-associated transcription factors
positive gene control
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
positive gene control
enhancer-associated translation factors
positive gene control
control expression of other genes essential in development
positive gene control
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
positive gene control
message containing information for multiple genes
positive gene control
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
positive gene control
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
positive gene control
regulatory protein prevents transcription
positive gene control
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
positive gene control
regulatory protein allows transcription
positive gene control
GC and CAAT boxes
polygenic mRNA
message containing information for a gene
polygenic mRNA
enhancer-associated transcription factors
polygenic mRNA
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
polygenic mRNA
enhancer-associated translation factors
polygenic mRNA
control expression of other genes essential in development
polygenic mRNA
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
polygenic mRNA
message containing information for multiple genes
polygenic mRNA
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
polygenic mRNA
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
polygenic mRNA
regulatory protein prevents transcription
polygenic mRNA
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
polygenic mRNA
regulatory protein allows transcription
polygenic mRNA
GC and CAAT boxes
proximal control elements
message containing information for a gene
proximal control elements
enhancer-associated transcription factors
proximal control elements
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
proximal control elements
enhancer-associated translation factors
proximal control elements
control expression of other genes essential in development
proximal control elements
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
proximal control elements
message containing information for multiple genes
proximal control elements
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
proximal control elements
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
proximal control elements
regulatory protein prevents transcription
proximal control elements
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
proximal control elements
regulatory protein allows transcription
proximal control elements
GC and CAAT boxes
homeotic genes
message containing information for a gene
homeotic genes
enhancer-associated transcription factors
homeotic genes
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
homeotic genes
enhancer-associated translation factors
homeotic genes
control expression of other genes essential in development
homeotic genes
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
homeotic genes
message containing information for multiple genes
homeotic genes
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
homeotic genes
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
homeotic genes
regulatory protein prevents transcription
homeotic genes
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
homeotic genes
regulatory protein allows transcription
homeotic genes
GC and CAAT boxes
activators
message containing information for a gene
activators
enhancer-associated transcription factors
activators
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
activators
enhancer-associated translation factors
activators
control expression of other genes essential in development
activators
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
activators
message containing information for multiple genes
activators
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
activators
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
activators
regulatory protein prevents transcription
activators
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
activators
regulatory protein allows transcription
activators
GC and CAAT boxes
constitutive gene
message containing information for a gene
constitutive gene
enhancer-associated transcription factors
constitutive gene
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
constitutive gene
enhancer-associated translation factors
constitutive gene
control expression of other genes essential in development
constitutive gene
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
constitutive gene
message containing information for multiple genes
constitutive gene
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
constitutive gene
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
constitutive gene
regulatory protein prevents transcription
constitutive gene
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
constitutive gene
regulatory protein allows transcription
constitutive gene
GC and CAAT boxes
negative gene control
message containing information for a gene
negative gene control
enhancer-associated transcription factors
negative gene control
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
negative gene control
enhancer-associated translation factors
negative gene control
control expression of other genes essential in development
negative gene control
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
negative gene control
message containing information for multiple genes
negative gene control
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
negative gene control
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
negative gene control
regulatory protein prevents transcription
negative gene control
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
negative gene control
regulatory protein allows transcription
negative gene control
GC and CAAT boxes
enhancer
message containing information for a gene
enhancer
enhancer-associated transcription factors
enhancer
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
enhancer
enhancer-associated translation factors
enhancer
control expression of other genes essential in development
enhancer
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
enhancer
message containing information for multiple genes
enhancer
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
enhancer
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
enhancer
regulatory protein prevents transcription
enhancer
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
enhancer
regulatory protein allows transcription
enhancer
GC and CAAT boxes
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Deck 23: The Regulation of Gene Expression
1
A person with the genotype XXXY would be expected to have how many Barr bodies?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4
C
2
The main chromosome of a bacterial cell possesses the following genotype with regard to the lac operon: I⁻O⁺Z⁺Y⁻A⁻.This bacterial cell would

A)make LacZ in the presence of lactose.
B)make LacZ independently of lactose.
C)make LacZ and LacY in the presence of lactose.
D)make LacA in the presence of lactose.
E)make no Lac proteins.
B
3
The situation in which an active regulatory protein "turns off" gene expression is an example of

A)a mutation.
B)positive control.
C)negative control.
D)constitutive gene elements.
E)unique regulation.
C
4
The situation in which an active regulatory protein "turns on" gene expression is an example of

A)feedback inhibition.
B)positive control.
C)negative control.
D)constitutive gene elements.
E)a mutation.
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5
Sigma (σ)factors can regulate the initiation of transcription.Which of the following is not an example of σ regulation?

A)Some σ factors recognize promoters for genes whose products are necessary when the organism is under stress, such as heat shock.
B)Some σ factors recognize genes necessary for nitrogen utilization.
C)Bacteriophages may code for specific σ factors that bind the core RNA polymerase and result in recognition of viral promoters.
D)There are many σ sigma factors associated with eukaryotic organisms.
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Unlock Deck
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6
Effector molecules

A)are associated with the induction of enzyme synthesis.
B)are associated with the repression of enzyme synthesis.
C)induce conformational changes.
D)are often small organic molecules.
E)all of the above
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Unlock for access to all 59 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
7
You are examining an enzyme associated with glycolysis.As such,you would expect

A)the protein to be a hormone.
B)the protein to be induced by glucose.
C)the protein to be constitutively expressed.
D)the protein to be expressed only during development.
E)the protein to be expressed only during mitosis.
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8
A male is tested for cellular abnormalities.The technician notes that there are two Barr bodies present within each of his cells.As a result he has the genotype

A)XY.
B)XO.
C)XXX.
D)XXY.
E)XXXY.
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9
The genetic disorder(s)associated with DNA methylation include

A)Prader-Willi syndrome.
B)Angelman syndrome.
C)some cancers.
D)Huntington's disease.
E)all of the above
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Unlock for access to all 59 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
10
The trp operon in E.coli is regulated in such a manner as to allow expression of the genes only when cellular levels of tryptophan are low.When tryptophan levels are adequate,the secondary structure of the mRNA halts translation.This form of regulation is known as

A)attenuation.
B)transcriptional regulation.
C)positive regulatory control.
D)negative regulatory control.
E)repression.
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11
A lacOᶜ mutant would

A)never make lac structural genes.
B)be constitutively expressed.
C)bind receptor protein.
D)have repressed expression.
E)be able to be induced by lactose.
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12
A lac <strong>A lac   mutant would</strong> A)be constitutive. B)no longer be induced by the presence of lactose. C)not have β-galatosidase activity. D)transport lactose into the cell effectively. E)metabolize lactose. mutant would

A)be constitutive.
B)no longer be induced by the presence of lactose.
C)not have β-galatosidase activity.
D)transport lactose into the cell effectively.
E)metabolize lactose.
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13
The observed "puffs" in the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila are sites of

A)attenuation.
B)condensation.
C)induction.
D)transcription.
E)translation.
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14
The graph below shows a growth curve of E.coli growing in a defined medium containing equal molar amounts of glucose and lactose.
<strong>The graph below shows a growth curve of E.coli growing in a defined medium containing equal molar amounts of glucose and lactose.   Figure 23.1 Based on your knowledge of the regulation of the lac operon,the best explanation of these results is that</strong> A)early on, due to the presence of lactose, the bacteria utilize the lac operon. Glucose is used later. B)the bacteria are utilizing both sugars simultaneously. C)the presence of glucose causes the formation of cAMP catabolic repressor protein (CRP)complexes, which shut down the lac operon until the glucose is used up. D)glucose is used first. Once glucose becomes limiting, intracellular cAMP increases, forming cAMP-CRP complexes that activate the lac operon to use lactose. E)none of the above
Figure 23.1
Based on your knowledge of the regulation of the lac operon,the best explanation of these results is that

A)early on, due to the presence of lactose, the bacteria utilize the lac operon. Glucose is used later.
B)the bacteria are utilizing both sugars simultaneously.
C)the presence of glucose causes the formation of cAMP catabolic repressor protein (CRP)complexes, which shut down the lac operon until the glucose is used up.
D)glucose is used first. Once glucose becomes limiting, intracellular cAMP increases, forming cAMP-CRP complexes that activate the lac operon to use lactose.
E)none of the above
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15
Genes associated with embryonic development are known as

A)homologous genes.
B)sigma factors.
C)heterologous genes.
D)hopanoids.
E)homeotic genes.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
16
In eukaryotes,gene amplification is tolerated well when the amplified gene encodes for RNA products.However,it is rare or detrimental when the product is a protein.Why would it be advantageous for the cell to amplify the RNA-producing genes and not the protein-producing ones?

A)It allows for the manufacture of many RNA molecules when needed in the cell.
B)Proteins are amplified from a single mRNA molecule.
C)More RNA than protein is needed by the cell.
D)RNAs are amplified from a single protein molecule.
E)both choices A and B
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17
You are examining an enzyme associated with mannose catabolism.As such,you would expect the protein to be

A)degraded.
B)a hormone.
C)induced by mannose.
D)expressed only during development.
E)expressed only in neurons.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
18
Which of the following processes is associated with the altering of histone proteins in vivo?

A)acetylation
B)alkylation
C)methylation
D)transhydroxylation
E)both choices A and C
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19
Which of the following is an example of translational regulation?

A)protein degradation
B)DNA splicing
C)protein folding
D)mRNA degradation
E)DNA methylation
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20
An E.coli cell with the genotype lac <strong>An E.coli cell with the genotype lac         would make which of the following protein products and in what manner?</strong> A)LacZ, induced B)LacZ and Lac A, induced C)LacY, constituitive D)LacZ, constituitive E)LacZ and LacA, constituitive <strong>An E.coli cell with the genotype lac         would make which of the following protein products and in what manner?</strong> A)LacZ, induced B)LacZ and Lac A, induced C)LacY, constituitive D)LacZ, constituitive E)LacZ and LacA, constituitive <strong>An E.coli cell with the genotype lac         would make which of the following protein products and in what manner?</strong> A)LacZ, induced B)LacZ and Lac A, induced C)LacY, constituitive D)LacZ, constituitive E)LacZ and LacA, constituitive <strong>An E.coli cell with the genotype lac         would make which of the following protein products and in what manner?</strong> A)LacZ, induced B)LacZ and Lac A, induced C)LacY, constituitive D)LacZ, constituitive E)LacZ and LacA, constituitive would make which of the following protein products and in what manner?

A)LacZ, induced
B)LacZ and Lac A, induced
C)LacY, constituitive
D)LacZ, constituitive
E)LacZ and LacA, constituitive
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21
Regulation of genes between regulatory transcription factors and the RNA polymerase complex is mediated by

A)enhancers.
B)silencers.
C)cofactors.
D)coactivators.
E)sigma factors.
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22
Which of the following is not a structural motif associated with transcriptional regulation?

A)combinatorial model
B)helix-turn-helix
C)zinc finger
D)leucine zipper
E)helix-loop-helix
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23
A certain gene is transformed into a plant cell for potential use as a vaccine delivery system.Upon performing a Northern blot,a good deal of mRNA for the gene is produced.However,the protein product for the gene is not observed.One explanation may be that the

A)plant cell recognizes and degrades the protein in the cytoplasm.
B)plant ribosomes are not recognizing the mRNA translational initiation sites.
C)mRNA is not stable in the plant cytoplasm.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
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24
The degradation of mRNA in the cells occurs in clusters known as

A)iRNA sites.
B)sRNA regions.
C)nuceoli.
D)P bodies.
E)N sites.
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25
Which of the following molecules coordinates the expression of nonadjacent genes?

A)leucine zippers
B)response elements
C)transcription factors
D)coactivators
E)control elements
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26
Of the enzymes associated with the metabolism of lactose with the lac operon,the one associated with transport of lactose into the cell is

A)β-galactosidase.
B)transacetylase.
C)galactoside permease.
D)β-lactase.
E)lactose translocase.
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27
Which of the following does not apply to eukaryotic gene regulation?

A)gene regulation by attenuation
B)regulation as a result of compartmentalization
C)mRNA degradation (turnover)
D)protein degradation (turnover)
E)protein folding
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28
A transcriptional regulator that decreases transcription of a gene from a vast distance is known as a(n)

A)enhancer.
B)upstream control element.
C)regulator.
D)nonsense mutation.
E)silencer.
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29
One mechanism that may lead to novel disease treatment involves ________,which hinders the translation of specific mRNAs.

A)siRNA
B)iRNA
C)P bodies
D)macro-RNAs
E)rRNA
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30
Riboswitches have been observed in

A)prokaryotes.
B)eukaryotes.
C)fungi.
D)algae.
E)yeast.
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31
Genes that are expressed only when needed are

A) unregulated.
B)mutations.
C)inducible.
D)constitutive.
E)anabolic.
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32
Within a genome,an enhancer may be located

A)upstream of the gene enhanced.
B)downstream of the gene enhanced.
C)within the gene enhanced.
D)choices A, B, and C
E)both choices A and B
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33
You are working with a gene associated with an essential pathway that is necessary at two time points in an organism's lifetime.With regard to gene regulation,you would expect the gene to be

A)not constitutive.
B)associated with response to distinct events.
C)"activated" by particular signals (induced).
D)"turned off" by particular signals (repressed).
E)all of the above
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34
In the lac operon,Iˢ mutations allow

A)constitutive expression of Lac proteins.
B)regulated expression of Lac proteins.
C)β-galactosidase activity only.
D)no expression of Lac proteins.
E)none of the above
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35
Genes that are always "turned on" in a cell are referred to as

A)regulated genes.
B)mutations.
C)inducible.
D)constitutive.
E)catabolic.
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36
The expression of thousands of genes simultaneously is easily accomplished using which of the following techniques?

A)siRNAs
B)Northern blotting
C)microarrays
D)Eastern blotting
E)PAGE analysis
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37
Small molecules that bind directly to mRNAs and effect transcription or translation are binding to regions of the mRNA known as

A)Shine-Delgarno sequences.
B)the operator region.
C)riboswitches.
D)ribozymes.
E)allosteric sites.
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38
You are studying a biochemical pathway.Preliminary results suggest that this pathway is subject to end-product repression.This pathway is therefore most likely to be a(n)________ pathway.

A)anabolic
B)catabolic
C)constitutive
D)induced
E)unregulated
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39
DNA rearrangements in vertebrates occur in the

A)glycolysis genes.
B)cell surface protein genes.
C)viral protein genes.
D)antibody genes.
E)none of the above
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40
The lac repressor is

A)active when glucose is present.
B)inactive when glucose is present.
C)active when both glucose and lactose are present.
D)induced when cAMP is present.
E)rarely active.
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41
________ is the term given to the process by which cells delete genes when the gene products are no longer required,as occurs in mammalian red blood cells.
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42
Multiple operons may be controlled by ________ or ________.
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43
A bacteria has the following lac operon genes located on the chromosome: I⁺P⁻Z⁻Y⁻A⁺.On a plasmid,this same bacterial cell has the lac genes I⁻P⁺Z⁻Y⁺A⁻.Which Lac proteins will be made? What type of protein expression (induced or constituitive)will there be for each protein that is made ?
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44
Discuss how DNA methylation is associated with genomic imprinting.Be sure to use examples.
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45
Groups of operons that are regulated by the same regulatory protein are known as ________.
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46
What is therapeutic cloning,and what are some of the ethical considerations for its use?
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47
The ________ experiments use an initial exposure to a radioactive compound in the mRNA followed by monitoring of the radioactive compound to determine its fate in the cell.
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48
Inactivated X chromsomes form dark spots in the nucleus known as ________.
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49
Regions of the genome that are inactive often have ________ of C nucleotides.
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50
Changes in gene expression that are not the result of changes to the gene itself are known as ________ changes.
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51
Although Dolly the cloned sheep and her nucleus donor are clones,they do not contain the same ________ DNA.
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52
An individual that is XXY has ________ Barr body(ies)in their cells.
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53
The nucleus of a differentiated cell contains all of the genetic information necessary to direct the development of an entire organism.This nucleus is therefore said to be ________.
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54
Transcriptionally active chromatin has a large content of ________ proteins,nonhistone proteins associated with chromatin.
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55
In order to activate genes associated with sugar metabolism,the levels of cAMP are ________ in a bacterial cell.
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56
How can you determine the type of regulatory control associated with a newly identified bacterial protein?
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57
What is the difference between trans- and cis-acting regulatory factors? Design an experiment that allows you to prove your answer to the question.
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58
In the lactose operon,a P mutant would have a mutation in the ________ region of the operon.
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59
Match between columns
enhanceosome
message containing information for a gene
enhanceosome
enhancer-associated transcription factors
enhanceosome
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
enhanceosome
enhancer-associated translation factors
enhanceosome
control expression of other genes essential in development
enhanceosome
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
enhanceosome
message containing information for multiple genes
enhanceosome
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
enhanceosome
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
enhanceosome
regulatory protein prevents transcription
enhanceosome
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
enhanceosome
regulatory protein allows transcription
enhanceosome
GC and CAAT boxes
silencer
message containing information for a gene
silencer
enhancer-associated transcription factors
silencer
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
silencer
enhancer-associated translation factors
silencer
control expression of other genes essential in development
silencer
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
silencer
message containing information for multiple genes
silencer
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
silencer
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
silencer
regulatory protein prevents transcription
silencer
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
silencer
regulatory protein allows transcription
silencer
GC and CAAT boxes
positive gene control
message containing information for a gene
positive gene control
enhancer-associated transcription factors
positive gene control
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
positive gene control
enhancer-associated translation factors
positive gene control
control expression of other genes essential in development
positive gene control
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
positive gene control
message containing information for multiple genes
positive gene control
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
positive gene control
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
positive gene control
regulatory protein prevents transcription
positive gene control
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
positive gene control
regulatory protein allows transcription
positive gene control
GC and CAAT boxes
polygenic mRNA
message containing information for a gene
polygenic mRNA
enhancer-associated transcription factors
polygenic mRNA
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
polygenic mRNA
enhancer-associated translation factors
polygenic mRNA
control expression of other genes essential in development
polygenic mRNA
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
polygenic mRNA
message containing information for multiple genes
polygenic mRNA
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
polygenic mRNA
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
polygenic mRNA
regulatory protein prevents transcription
polygenic mRNA
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
polygenic mRNA
regulatory protein allows transcription
polygenic mRNA
GC and CAAT boxes
proximal control elements
message containing information for a gene
proximal control elements
enhancer-associated transcription factors
proximal control elements
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
proximal control elements
enhancer-associated translation factors
proximal control elements
control expression of other genes essential in development
proximal control elements
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
proximal control elements
message containing information for multiple genes
proximal control elements
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
proximal control elements
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
proximal control elements
regulatory protein prevents transcription
proximal control elements
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
proximal control elements
regulatory protein allows transcription
proximal control elements
GC and CAAT boxes
homeotic genes
message containing information for a gene
homeotic genes
enhancer-associated transcription factors
homeotic genes
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
homeotic genes
enhancer-associated translation factors
homeotic genes
control expression of other genes essential in development
homeotic genes
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
homeotic genes
message containing information for multiple genes
homeotic genes
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
homeotic genes
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
homeotic genes
regulatory protein prevents transcription
homeotic genes
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
homeotic genes
regulatory protein allows transcription
homeotic genes
GC and CAAT boxes
activators
message containing information for a gene
activators
enhancer-associated transcription factors
activators
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
activators
enhancer-associated translation factors
activators
control expression of other genes essential in development
activators
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
activators
message containing information for multiple genes
activators
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
activators
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
activators
regulatory protein prevents transcription
activators
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
activators
regulatory protein allows transcription
activators
GC and CAAT boxes
constitutive gene
message containing information for a gene
constitutive gene
enhancer-associated transcription factors
constitutive gene
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
constitutive gene
enhancer-associated translation factors
constitutive gene
control expression of other genes essential in development
constitutive gene
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
constitutive gene
message containing information for multiple genes
constitutive gene
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
constitutive gene
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
constitutive gene
regulatory protein prevents transcription
constitutive gene
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
constitutive gene
regulatory protein allows transcription
constitutive gene
GC and CAAT boxes
negative gene control
message containing information for a gene
negative gene control
enhancer-associated transcription factors
negative gene control
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
negative gene control
enhancer-associated translation factors
negative gene control
control expression of other genes essential in development
negative gene control
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
negative gene control
message containing information for multiple genes
negative gene control
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
negative gene control
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
negative gene control
regulatory protein prevents transcription
negative gene control
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
negative gene control
regulatory protein allows transcription
negative gene control
GC and CAAT boxes
enhancer
message containing information for a gene
enhancer
enhancer-associated transcription factors
enhancer
transcribed and translated at certain times in a cell
enhancer
enhancer-associated translation factors
enhancer
control expression of other genes essential in development
enhancer
inhibits transcription of a particular gene
enhancer
message containing information for multiple genes
enhancer
increases frequency of transcription of a particular gene
enhancer
multiprotein complex associated with augmentation of transcription of a particular gene
enhancer
regulatory protein prevents transcription
enhancer
transcribed and translated continually in a cell
enhancer
regulatory protein allows transcription
enhancer
GC and CAAT boxes
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