Deck 4: Cells and Organelles

Question 1

Which of the following organelles is not generally found in animal cells?

A)food vacuole
B)centriole
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)central vacuole
E)mitochondrion

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Membrane proteins may function in

A)receiving extracellular signals.
B)amphipathic modification.
C)temperature control.
D)protein manufacture.
E)information storage.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following processes would be most likely to occur in the Golgi complex?

A)synthesis of steroids
B)production and packaging of lipids
C)glycosylation of proteins
D)synthesis of DNA
E)detoxification of drugs

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A protein is destined to be secreted from a cell.In which organelle would you expect to find the protein just after it is produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A)endosome
B)lysosome
C)secretory vesicle
D)Golgi apparatus
E)nucleus

Question 5

If the surface area of a cell increases by a factor of 100,the volume of that cell will

A)remain the same.
B)increase by a factor of 100.
C)increase by a factor of 1000.
D)increase by a factor of 10.
E)decrease by a factor of 100.

Question 6

Which of the following is a eukaryotic characteristic?

A)cell fission
B)membrane-bounded nucleus
C)little processing of RNA
D)70S ribosomes
E)none of the above

Question 7

Which sequence reflects the locations that a secretory protein will visit on its way from its production to its secretion outside the cell?

A)rough ER, secretory vesicle, Golgi complex, ER vesicle
B)rough ER, Golgi complex, smooth ER, ER vesicle
C)nucleus, Golgi complex, rough or smooth ER, secretory vesicle
D)smooth ER, rough ER, Golgi complex, secretory vesicle
E)rough ER, ER vesicle, Golgi complex, secretory vesicle

Question 8

The methanobacteria,halobacteria,and sulfobacteria are included in which domain?

A)eubacteria
B)protista
C)blue-green algae
D)archaea
E)all of the above

Question 9

Which of the following diseases is caused by a prion?

A)polio
B)Zellweger syndrome
C)Tay-Sachs disease
D)infantile Refsum disease
E)mad cow disease

Question 10

Which of the following is true of plant cells?

A)Plant cells may contain chloroplasts.
B)Plant cells are always much larger than animal cells.
C)Chromosomes are found only in plant cells.
D)Only plant cells have a cell membrane.
E)The plant cell has no cell wall.

Question 11

Which of the following diseases is caused by a peroxisomal defect?

A)Zellweger syndrome
B)sickle-cell anemia
C)Tay-Sachs disease
D)hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
E)I-cell disease

Question 12

The size range of most plant and animal cells is ________.

A)1-10 nm
B)1-5 μm
C)10-50 μm
D)0.1-0.5 mm
E)50-100 mm

Question 13

The cytosol is best described as the

A)fluid within the nucleus.
B)three-dimensional array of interconnected filaments.
C)semifluid substance in which organelles are suspended.
D)internal contents of organelles.
E)area of the cell not occupied by the nucleus.

Question 14

Which of the following is not generally associated with a chloroplast?

A)thylakoids
B)grana
C)stroma
D)matrix
E)both choices A and B

Question 15

Which of the following would be attributed to a peroxisomal dysfunction?

A)accumulation of N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase
B)accumulation of ganglioside GM₂
C)accumulation of very long chain fatty acids
D)accumulation of glucocerebroside
E)accumulation of complex sugars

Question 16

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in synthesis of

A)lipids.
B)polysaccharides.
C)proteins.
D)DNA.
E)all of the above

Question 17

When the size of a cell increases,the surface area/volume ratio

A)decreases initially and then begins to increase.
B)remains the same.
C)decreases.
D)increases initially and then begins to decrease.
E)increases.

Question 18

Which of the following is included as part of the Eubacteria?

A)methanogens
B)thermacidophiles
C)cyanobacteria
D)halobacteria
E)sulfobacteria

Question 19

Which of the following is least likely to be part of a cell membrane?

A)proteoglycans
B)phospholipids
C)glycoproteins
D)transport proteins
E)enzymes

Question 20

Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system?

A)ribosome
B)endoplasmic reticulum
C)Golgi apparatus
D)lysosome
E)secretory vesicle

Question 21

Lignin is an important component in

A)tight junctions.
B)plant cell walls.
C)fungal cell walls.
D)plasmodesmata.
E)bacterial cell walls.

Question 22

In which of the following properties are the Archaea more like eukaryotes than the bacteria?

A)size
B)microtubules and microfilaments
C)translation initiation
D)mode of cell division
E)both choices C and D

Question 23

Which organelle has only a single membrane around it?

A)ribosome
B)nucleus
C)mitochondrion
D)chloroplast
E)peroxisome

Question 24

The hallmark feature of peroxisomal diseases is the presence of

A)hydrolases.
B)very long chain fatty acids.
C)long chain gangliosides.
D)an abundance of myelin.
E)amyloid plaques.

Question 25

Which of the following is not true of a viroid?

A)Cadang-cadang is a viroid disease of the coconut palm.
B)Its RNA is circular.
C)Its capsid is quite small.
D)Viroids possess about 250-400 nucleotides.
E)Viroids affect mostly plants.

Question 26

Prokaryotes have ________S ribosomes with ________S and ________S subunits,whereas eukaryotes have ________S ribosomes with ________S and ________S subunits.

A)80, 50, 30; 100, 60, 40
B)100, 60, 50; 90, 60, 40
C)70, 50, 30; 80, 60, 40
D)70, 40, 30; 80, 50, 30
E)80, 60, 40; 70, 50, 30

Question 27

Which of the following is not believed to be a virus or to be caused by a virus?

A)TMV
B)AIDS
C)Epstein-Barr
D)scrapie
E)T4 phage

Question 28

Viroids are characterized by all of the following except

A)circular DNA.
B)well-characterized transmission.
C)self-replicating.
D)latent forms exist in some genomes.
E)associated with plant diseases.

Question 29

Mitochondrial DNA is/are

A)similar to nuclear DNA sequences.
B)used to trace dispersal of modern humans.
C)information storage for enzymes associated with photorespiration.
D)associated with paternal inheritance patterns.
E)all of the above

Question 30

The major structural elements of the cytoskeleton are

A)the extracellular matrix and the cell wall.
B)microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
C)the cytoplasm and cytosol.
D)cleavage furrows and G-actin.
E)proteoglycans and cellulose microfibrils.

Question 31

The chromoplast is an organelle associated with

A)oxidation of sugars.
B)synthesis of secretory proteins.
C)plant pigment storage.
D)ribosome production in primitive plants.
E)storage of chromium.

Question 32

Kuru is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system believed to be caused by which type of agent?

A)virus
B)bacterium
C)prion
D)viroid
E)protozoan

Question 33

Intermediate filaments are

A)different in different cell types.
B)smaller than actin filaments.
C)composed of tubulin.
D)composed of globular proteins only.
E)none of the above

Question 34

With regard to tight junctions,

A)one face of the cell, the apical surface, is in contact with other cells.
B)they allow free movement of ions and molecules between cells.
C)they are responsible for holding cardiac muscle together.
D)they are composed of special proteins called connexins.
E)they block the movement of basolateral integral membrane proteins to the apical surface.

Question 35

Which of the following is true of a lysosome?

A)The lysosome may mature from a late endosome.
B)The lysosome may function in glycosylation.
C)The contents of the lysosome originate in the smooth ER.
D)The lysosome functions in export packaging.
E)all of the above

Question 36

The term "junk DNA" is no longer used because these regions of DNA have been found to be associated with all of the following except

A)miRNAs.
B)speciation.
C)binding sites for regulatory regions.
D)All of the above have been associated with "junk DNA."
E)None of the above have been associated with "junk DNA."

Question 37

Which of the following fundamental properties of life do viruses not possess?

A)metabolism
B)irritability
C)ability to reproduce
D)both choices A and B
E)both choices B and C

Question 38

Communication between animal cells is facilitated by

A)tight junctions.
B)gap junctions.
C)adhesive junctions.
D)plasmodesmata.
E)both choices B and C

Question 39

Glyoxysomes play an important role in the germination of fat-storing seeds and are considered to be specialized ________.

A)peroxisomes
B)lysosomes
C)vacuoles
D)centrioles
E)ribosomes

Question 40

A(n)________ is composed of tetrameric protofilaments.

A)extracellular matrix
B)microtubule
C)bacteriophage
D)microfilament
E)intermediate filament

Question 41

The pathway that a secretory protein takes from inside to outside is: rough endoplasmic reticulum,________,Golgi complex,________,outside the cell.

Question 42

The subunits of a ribosome are referred to as being 40S.The "S" refers to ________.

Question 43

The ________ is comprised of the fluid portion of the cell and contains the organelles.

Question 44

________ are infectious RNAs that are responsible for diseases in several crop plants,such as tobacco.

Question 45

Photosynthesis is to the chloroplast as ________ is to the mitochondrion.

Question 46

In your own words and with your own examples,explain fully how cells are limited in size and how some cells have modifications that allow them to be larger or more adapted to a particular function in spite of these limitations.

Question 47

As a cell increases in size,the surface area ________ and the volume ________.

Question 48

A microbiologist has discovered what she thinks are two new types of algae.The first cell (organism 1)appears nearly cubic and is approximately 1.5 μm wide × 1.5 μm long × 1.5 μm deep.The second,longer cell (organism 2)is 2 μm wide × 5 μm long × 2 μm deep.
a.What is the surface area/volume ratio of each organism?
b.Based on what you know about the surface area/volume ratios,which organism will find it more difficult to interact with the surrounding environment?
c.How will this organism cope with the reduced capacity to interact with the environment?

Question 49

The region within the prokaryotic cell where the DNA is located is known as the ________.

Question 50

The matrix is to the mitochondrion as the ________ is to the chloroplast.

Question 51

The ________ are prokaryotes that live in very salty environments.

Question 52

Within human lungs,the apical surface of the epithelium produces a growth factor called heregulin.The receptors for heregulin are located on the basolateral surface of the same cells.When the lung epithelial lining is intact,the tight junctions create a barrier that separates the heregulin from its receptors.However,when the epithelial lining is compromised,the heregulin is able to reach its receptors,where it stimulates mitosis and thereby leads to wound healing.Based upon this information,explain what happens with smoking cigarettes,which is known to increase the permeability of airway epithelium.

Question 53

Currently there is a great deal of scientific debate about whether or not viruses should be considered living organisms.Pick a side on the debate,and defend your position with scientific facts.In your discussion,be sure to include the properties of life and the impact of the taxonomic placement of viroids and prions.

Question 54

Several biology students have just returned from a field trip in which they were asked to collect prokaryotes and eukaryotes.The eukaryotic organisms were to be divided into plant cells,animal cells,or "other." The students have access to a light and electron microscope.Can you suggest how they could determine whether these cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic? How could they distinguish plant from animal cells?

Question 55

Collagen fibers are to the extracellular matrix as ________ is to the cell wall.

Question 56

________ are infectious proteins that are responsible for several animal diseases,including scrapie and mad cow disease.

Question 57

Tubulin is to microtubules as ________ is to microfilaments.

Question 58

The similarity in the evolutionary origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts has led to the development of the ________,which proposed that they were originally bacteria.