Deck 15: Is Artificial Intelligence Real

Question 1

During Word World II,________ used Colossus,an electronic digital computer to crack German military codes.

A)Marvin Minsky
B)Grace Murray Hopper
C)Alan Turing
D)Tim Berners-Lee

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A typical knowledge base contains

A)only facts.
B)only a system of rules.
C)neither facts nor a system of rules.
D)both facts and a system of rules.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The term ________ logic describes the use of a system to give a conclusion along with its probability of happening:

A)fuzzy
B)neural
C)circular
D)symbolic

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Successful expert systems were first developed in the field of

A)insurance.
B)medicine.
C)accounting.
D)law enforcement.

Question 5

A(n)________ could be used to replicate how a specialist diagnoses lung cancer.

A)expert system
B)Turing test
C)artificial life
D)knowledge base

Question 6

Babel Fish is a(n)

A)language translation program.
B)robot.
C)AI search engine.
D)Turing test.

Question 7

Traditional AI techniques include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)machine learning.
B)heuristics.
C)pattern recognition.
D)batch processing.

Question 8

The syntax of a programming language is the

A)kind of interpreter or compiler used.
B)underlying meaning of the words and phrases in the language.
C)special set of words that instruct the compiler to perform an action.
D)set of rules for constructing sentences from words.

Question 9

The most successful natural-language applications

A)involve computers having meaningful conversations with humans.
B)use narrow, carefully defined domains.
C)keep rules very flexible and variable.
D)include a lot of trial and error.

Question 10

In the 1950s,the popular domain for AI research was

A)games such as checkers and chess.
B)home computing.
C)calculation of census data.
D)robotics.

Question 11

The main outcome of the early automatic language translation efforts was the realization that

A)translation without understanding is impossible.
B)automatic translation is more effective than humans.
C)computers had very few issues with automatic translation..
D)computers can accurately translate 99 percent of the text.

Question 12

AARON is an example of

A)expert systems.
B)automatic language translators.
C)neural networks.
D)robots.

Question 13

To facilitate development of new expert systems,software companies sell expert system ________.

A)knowledge bases
B)Turing tests
C)parsers
D)shells

Question 14

An example of machine learning in a game-playing program is

A)learning from a successful move.
B)recognizing patterns in a game.
C)looking ahead at the possibilities generated by each move.
D)applying a rule of thumb to a move.

Question 15

Stating a conclusion as "There is a 90% chance..." instead of fact is known as

A)an expert system.
B)a Turing test.
C)fuzzy logic.
D)pattern recognition.

Question 16

Semantics,a problem with natural-language communication,refers to the

A)underlying meaning of words and phrases.
B)set of rules used to construct sentences from words.
C)natural accent of the human voice.
D)tone inflection of human speech.

Question 17

A typical problem for machine translation is

A)tone inflection.
B)the limited vocabulary of natural language.
C)the use of accents.
D)the amount of knowledge required to understand the meaning of words.

Question 18

Problems with the simulation approach to AI include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)most people have trouble knowing and describing how they do things.
B)the brain can perform parallel processing at a level the most powerful supercomputers can't approach.
C)machines operate differently than the brain.
D)machines cannot remember hundreds of numbers at the same time.

Question 19

This British mathematician,________,spent much of his life trying to answer the central question of artificial intelligence "Can machines think?"

A)Alan Turing
B)Marvin Minsky
C)Tim Berners-Lee
D)Grace Murray Hopper

Question 20

An expert system can perform all of the following tasks EXCEPT:

A)help train new employees.
B)reduce the number of human errors.
C)develop a strong planning strategy.
D)combine the knowledge of several experts.

Question 21

An expert system is a person with an extraordinary amount of knowledge within a narrow domain.

Question 22

When a computer's speech sounds like a person's,it is using

A)OCR technology.
B)synthetic language.
C)digitized speech.
D)heuristics.

Question 23

Automatic translation programs use a parsing program to analyze sentence structure and identify the form of speech of each word.

Question 24

For a ________ network to learn to recognize a pattern,it goes through many trials,weakening the circuit pattern for incorrect guesses and strengthening circuit patterns for correct guesses.

A)cerebral
B)mesh
C)neural
D)robotic

Question 25

A network of many distributed,parallel computing systems is called a ________ network.

A)neural
B)cerebral
C)mesh
D)robotic

Question 26

________,a simulator,is considered the beginning of the age of automated therapy.

A)ELIZA
B)RACTER
C)Colossus
D)AARON

Question 27

Advanced speech recognition programs that are ________ have the ability to recognize speech without being trained by a speaker.

A)OCR systems
B)speaker independent
C)digitized speech
D)speech synthesizers

Question 28

In the classic ________ test,a computer is considered to be intelligent if it can successfully pose as a human being when replying to questions.

Question 29

Artificial life is a field where researchers examine systems related to life,its processes,and its evolution by using computer simulations,robotics,and biochemistry.

Question 30

Identifying recurring arrangements in input data and eventually understanding or categorizing that input is known as

A)fuzzy logic.
B)automatic translation.
C)parsing.
D)pattern recognition.

Question 31

A sensor is an example of a(n)________ device for a robot.

A)output
B)input
C)storage
D)memory

Question 32

The following are all examples of pattern recognition EXCEPT:

A)algorithm design.
B)weather forecasting.
C)fingerprint identification.
D)voice recognition.

Question 33

Robots are effective for all of the following activities EXCEPT:

A)salvaging undersea wreckage.
B)doing repetitive jobs.
C)working long hours.
D)calculating pay for thousands of employees.

Question 34

________ identifies objects and shapes in a photograph,drawing,video,or other visual images.

A)An expert system
B)Image analysis
C)OCR
D)Fuzzy logic

Question 35

A(n)________ is a machine controlled by a computer and designed to perform specific manual tasks.

A)singularity
B)expert system
C)robot
D)parser

Question 36

Computers that understand natural language questions as you might see on the ship Enterprise on the TV show Star Trek are also referred to as question-answering machines.

Question 37

Neural networks can be used for all of the following EXCEPT:

A)finding fraud in credit card use.
B)analyzing the stock market.
C)processing loans.
D)communicating in natural-language.

Question 38

The field of AI called ________ includes fingerprint identification,handwriting recognition,and weather forecasting.

A)pattern recognition
B)expert systems
C)parsing
D)fuzzy logic

Question 39

With respect to neural networks,all of the following are true EXCEPT:

A)neural networks distribute knowledge throughout the network.
B)neural networks store information in the same way as traditional computers.
C)neural networks use distributed, parallel computing systems.
D)neural networks continue to function even if some of its neurons are destroyed.

Question 40

A complete expert system includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A)a knowledge base.
B)singularities.
C)an inference engine.
D)a human interface.

Question 41

________ is information that incorporates the relationship among facts.

Question 42

Autofocusing cameras on human faces or piloting cruise missiles can be done using ________ analysis.

Question 43

An expert system ________ is used to develop an expert system using human interfaces and inference engines.

Question 44

A(n)________ system is a software program designed to replicate the decision-making process of a human specialist.

Question 45

Every natural language has a(n)________,a set of rules for constructing sentences from words.

Question 46

Locating and identifying printed characters embedded in images is known by the acronym ________.

Question 47

The AI technique called ________ is the process of looking at possibilities and choosing one that has the best chance of being successful.

Question 48

The most successful natural-language applications limit their ________,or affected area,so that rules can be clean and unambiguous.

Question 49

Psychologists are interested in the field known by the acronym ________ because it provides new insights into natural intelligence and the workings of the human brain.

Question 50

A database contains only facts,while a(n)________ base also contains a system of rules for determining and changing relationships among those facts.

Question 51

"Keep checkers in the king's row as long as possible" is an example of a(n)________,or rule of thumb.

Question 52

One of the first successful expert systems was MYCIN,which uses fuzzy logic to solve problems in the ________ field.

Question 53

To the shock of many,IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer beat Garry Kasparov in 1997 in a game of ________.

Question 54

The ________ -force technique rapidly repeats a simple operation until an answer is found.

Question 55

________ is an expert system that produces drawings of people,plants,and objects based on rules of human anatomy and behavior.

Question 56

Early work in ______________ focused on games such as checkers and chess.

Question 57

Expert systems use ________ recognition to identify recurrences in input data.

Question 58

A ________ program would analyze sentence structure and identify each word according to whether it was a subject,verb,or other part of speech.

Question 59

Because most human decision making involves ambiguity,________ logic allows for conclusions that are based on probabilities rather than certainties.

Question 60

________ and ELIZA are two systems which produced English language output without really understanding it.

Question 61

Match the following terms to their descriptions.

A)set of rules for constructing sentences from words
B)one person types questions into a computer terminal, and the person attempts to determine whether the answers were typed by another person or a computer
C)converts text from one language to another
D)software designed to replicate the knowledge of a human expert
E)analyzes sentence structure and classify words as subjects, verbs, or other parts of speech
automatic translation

Question 62

Voice recognition systems that are speaker ________ have the ability to recognize speech without being trained by the person talking.

Question 63

Match the term on the left to its description on the right.

A)contains facts and relationships
B)the "real" meaning of words and phrases
C)the "world" that the application deals with
D)contains only facts
semantics

Question 64

Match the term on the left to its description on the right.

A)contains facts and relationships
B)the "real" meaning of words and phrases
C)the "world" that the application deals with
D)contains only facts
domain

Question 65

With speech ________ software or hardware,PCs recite typed text using robotic voices.

Question 66

The moment when greater-than-human intelligence is created is called the ________.

Question 67

Most modern robots include ________ that accept new input enabling robots to correct or modify their actions based on feedback from the outside world.

Question 68

A(n)________ is a computer-controlled machine designed to perform specific manual tasks.

Question 69

Match the term on the left to its description on the right.

A)contains facts and relationships
B)the "real" meaning of words and phrases
C)the "world" that the application deals with
D)contains only facts
knowledge base

Question 70

Match the following AI techniques to their descriptions.

A)rules of thumb
B)identifies recurrences in input data
C)looking ahead at the possibilities generated by each possible move
D)the computer uses successful moves more often in the future
pattern recognition

Question 71

Match the term on the left to its description on the right.

A)contains facts and relationships
B)the "real" meaning of words and phrases
C)the "world" that the application deals with
D)contains only facts
database

Question 72

Match the following terms to their descriptions.

A)set of rules for constructing sentences from words
B)one person types questions into a computer terminal, and the person attempts to determine whether the answers were typed by another person or a computer
C)converts text from one language to another
D)software designed to replicate the knowledge of a human expert
E)analyzes sentence structure and classify words as subjects, verbs, or other parts of speech
expert system

Question 73

Match the following terms to their descriptions.

A)set of rules for constructing sentences from words
B)one person types questions into a computer terminal, and the person attempts to determine whether the answers were typed by another person or a computer
C)converts text from one language to another
D)software designed to replicate the knowledge of a human expert
E)analyzes sentence structure and classify words as subjects, verbs, or other parts of speech
parsing

Question 74

Match the following AI techniques to their descriptions.

A)rules of thumb
B)identifies recurrences in input data
C)looking ahead at the possibilities generated by each possible move
D)the computer uses successful moves more often in the future
searching

Question 75

Match the following AI techniques to their descriptions.

A)rules of thumb
B)identifies recurrences in input data
C)looking ahead at the possibilities generated by each possible move
D)the computer uses successful moves more often in the future
machine learning

Question 76

Match the following terms to their descriptions.

A)set of rules for constructing sentences from words
B)one person types questions into a computer terminal, and the person attempts to determine whether the answers were typed by another person or a computer
C)converts text from one language to another
D)software designed to replicate the knowledge of a human expert
E)analyzes sentence structure and classify words as subjects, verbs, or other parts of speech
syntax

Question 77

Match the following terms to their descriptions.

A)set of rules for constructing sentences from words
B)one person types questions into a computer terminal, and the person attempts to determine whether the answers were typed by another person or a computer
C)converts text from one language to another
D)software designed to replicate the knowledge of a human expert
E)analyzes sentence structure and classify words as subjects, verbs, or other parts of speech
Turing test

Question 78

________ speech is the playing of prerecorded speech stored on a computer.

Question 79

A(n)________ network is comprised of a few thousand simple processors working simultaneously.

Question 80

Match the following AI techniques to their descriptions.

A)rules of thumb
B)identifies recurrences in input data
C)looking ahead at the possibilities generated by each possible move
D)the computer uses successful moves more often in the future
heuristics