Deck 3: American Families in Social Context

Question 1

WHistorical events and conditions affect

A) only certain ethnic minorities.
B) options, decisions, and the everyday lives of families.
C) people overseas.
D) our genetic make-up.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

During the 1950s, men earned enough money to support a family, which the text refers to as a(n)

A) "decent living."
B) "family wage."
C) "adequate salary."
D) "living wage."

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The text defines this term as "the opportunities one has for education and work, whether one can afford to marry, the schools that children attend, and a family's health care":

A) tokens
B) lucky shots
C) life chances
D) cultural bonuses

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The cultural revolution of the 1960s encouraged more __________ perspectives.

A) individualistic
B) familistic
C) kinship-oriented
D) home-oriented

Question 5

The text points out that, as the proportion of children declines,

A) adults are more likely to be living with children.
B) neighborhoods are less likely to contain children.
C) children are more likely to be a consideration in daily life.
D) the needs and concerns of young children will be elevated in our consciousness.

Question 6

Almost __________ percent of families in the United States were classified as "working poor" in 2004 (at least one wage earner, but below poverty-level incomes).

A) 5
B) 7
C) 10
D) 12

Question 7

The generation called ___________ (born 1946-1964) has had a powerful impact on American society, giving us the cultural and sexual revolutions of "the sixties" as they moved from adolescence to young adulthood in the Vietnam War era.

A) revolutionaries
B) fifties babies
C) baby boomers
D) culture shifters

Question 8

During the 1960s and 1970s, marriage rates

A) increased dramatically.
B) increased slightly.
C) declined.
D) dropped to an all-time low.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the positive consequences of increased longevity identified in the text?

A) increasing numbers of elderly people being cared for by a smaller group of middle-aged and young adults
B) more years invested in education
C) longer marriages for those who do not divorce
D) a longer period during which parents and children interact as adults

Question 10

Being at war does affect American families, since __________ of U.S. service members are married, and almost __________ have children.

A) ten percent; twenty percent
B) one quarter; half
C) twenty percent; forty percent
D) half; three quarters

Question 11

Our current history entails adapting to war overseas and the __________ of the economy.

A) industrialization
B) post-industrialization
C) globalization
D) cybernation

Question 12

According to a photograph in the text, families who have a parent deployed in Iraq due to the war sometimes use a __________ as a reminder and emotional focus for the duration of that family member's absence.

A) candle in the window
B) "flat daddy" or "flat mommy"
C) photo album
D) flag

Question 13

An American child born in 2006 is expected to live to the age of

A) 68.
B) 78.
C) 88.
D) 90.

Question 14

The end of World War II was followed by __________ in the divorce rate.

A) a dramatic decline
B) a slight decline
C) a downward turn
D) a spurt

Question 15

The social context in which today's families live out their opportunities and choices includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) race/ethnicity
B) our nation's recent history
C) interpersonal interactions within the family
D) the economy

Question 16

In 2008, the top 20 percent of U.S. families received __________ percent of the nation's total income.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50

Question 17

The text identifies which of the following as one of the most dramatic developments of the twentieth century?

A) the rising divorce rate
B) the increased longevity of our population
C) the increase in the marriage rate
D) the increase in childlessness

Question 18

Which of the following has the highest family incomes?
A) married couple families in which the wife is not in the labor force

A) male-headed families
B) married couple families with wives in the labor force
B) female-headed families

Question 19

According to the text, the military is a more "family friendly" setting (at least in peacetime) than the civilian world, and has several benefits and support systems for families. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) family housing
B) extensive health insurance
C) longer deployments overseas
D) day care and school age activity centers for older children

Question 20

According to the text's discussion of social class differences among marriages,
A) working-class couples tend to emphasize values associated with parenthood and job stability and may be more traditional in gender role ideology.

A) white-collar partners are less inclined to value self-expression.
C) middle-class parents stress obedience and conformity in children.
D) parents in working-class families value self-direction and initiative in children.

Question 21

Income has a direct effect on access to technology. For instance, 42 percent of people who make under $30,000 per year have access to broadband, while nearly ____ percent of people with incomes of $75,000 or more have access to broadband.

A) 65
B) 75
C) 85
D) 95

Question 22

Only__________ percent of black children are living with married parents, compared to 75 percent of white and 64 percent of Hispanic children.

A) 50
B) 35
C) 25
D) 10

Question 23

According to the text, race is a

A) social construction.
B) biological category.
C) genetic grouping.
D) separate category distinguished by certain biological markers.

Question 24

For census purposes, there are two ethnic categories, which are

A) white and African American.
B) white and non-white.
C) Hispanic and non-Hispanic.
D) Caucasian and Negroid.

Question 25

Which racial/ethnic group in the U.S. has the highest proportion of children living in poverty?

A) black
B) non-Hispanic white
C) Asian
D) Pacific Islander

Question 26

According to the text, __________ percent of soldiers return from the war in Iraq and Afghanistan with psychological problems.

A) 5-10
B) 20-30
C) 50-60
D) 80-90

Question 27

In comparison of all racial groups in the U.S., fertility rates are the highest among _________.

A) non-Hispanic whites
B) African Americans
C) Hispanics
D) Asian Americans

Question 28

Which of the following groups reflects the largest racial/ethnic minority?

A) African Americans
B) American Indians
C) Asians
D) Hispanics

Question 29

One in __________ children in the United States is in poverty.

A) ten
B) eight
C) five
D) two

Question 30

The 2000 census employed five major racial categories. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) white
B) Black or African American
C) Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
D) multicultural

Question 31

Between 2007-2008, the income of 60 percent of Americans ___________ .

A) skyrocketed
B) steadily climbed
C) dropped
D) barely budged

Question 32

The text points out that white-collar jobs, especially those in technological and engineering fields and some financial services, are moving overseas to which two countries?

A) India and China
B) Spain and Italy
C) Kenya and South Africa
D) England and Germany

Question 33

As racial/ethnic categories become more fluid, racial/ethnic identity may come to be seen as ________________ rather than automatic.

A) voluntary or "optional
B) set
C) rigid
D) obvious

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT listed in the textbook as evidence for the continued existence of racial/ethnic stratification in American society?

A) less access to higher education for those in poor neighborhoods
B) lower minority incomes
C) increased job opportunities across ethnic lines
D) discrimination in rental housing and jobs

Question 35

This term conveys the idea that persons in those groups experience some disadvantage, exclusion, or discrimination in American society as compared to the dominant group: non-Hispanic white Americans.

A) variant
B) minority
C) ethnicity
D) race

Question 36

One possible explanation for the lower marriage rates of African Americans is/are

A) high rates of incarceration among black men.
B) economic independence.
C) the availability of welfare.
D) blacks ascribe little importance to marriage.

Question 37

Minorities now represent more than __________ of the U.S. population.

A) one-eighth
B) one-fourth
C) one-third
D) two-thirds

Question 38

Although the United States in an increasingly diverse nation, non-Hispanic whites still make up over __________ percent of the national population.

A) 55
B) 65
C) 75
D) 85

Question 39

According to the text's discussion of African American families,

A) African American women have traditionally not been employed.
B) the economic independence explanation for low marriage rates is supported by research.
C) the availability of welfare is not a significant factor in a black woman's decision to marry.
D) the lower their earnings, the more likely black women are to marry.

Question 40

The text points out that African Americans, Hispanics, American Indians, Asians, and Pacific Islanders are often grouped into a category termed a(n) __________ group.

A) alternate
B) minority
C) immigrant
D) multicultural

Question 41

The foreign-born now compose about __________ of the U.S. population.

A) 12%
B) 25%
C) 36%
D) 50%

Question 42

Almost ___________of foreign-born Americans have become naturalized citizens.

A) one-tenth
B) one-fourth
C) one-third
D) half

Question 43

__________ have a tradition of informal marriage.

A) African Americans
B) Africans
C) Puerto Ricans
D) Asians

Question 44

Among American Indians,

A) more couples cohabitate and less couples marry than the U.S. average.
B) the rate of adolescent births is very low.
C) overall birth rates are much higher than the U.S. average.
D) most have spouses who are Native American.

Question 45

The text identifies strong family ties, high aspirations, hard work, and achievement as components of the "immigrant _________."

A) ingredients
B) ethos
C) persona
D) nationality

Question 46

Among African American families, in comparison with white families, child socialization is

A) more gender-differentiated.
B) less gender-differentiated.
C) completely egalitarian.
D) non-traditional.

Question 47

Because of their strong educational attainment, high representation in managerial and professional occupations, and family incomes that are highest of all racial/ethnic groups, Asian Americans are often termed a(n) __________ minority.

A) model
B) perfect
C) unusual
D) unique

Question 48

Which of the following groups is among the lowest in terms of birth rates?

A) Mexican Americans
B) Cubans
C) Puerto Ricans
D) immigrant Portuguese

Question 49

Ironically, some scholars credit the increased independence of Asian women in the United States to

A) discrimination.
B) egalitarianism.
C) segregation.
D) socioeconomic dependence.

Question 50

According to recent estimates, there are almost __________ million undocumented immigrants residing in the United States.

A) 1
B) 4
C) 7
D) 12

Question 51

In your text, "Latino" is not listed as a racial category. That's because Hispanic or Latino is
Considered _________ identity, not a race.

A) a postmodern
B) an ethnic
C) a traditional
D) a genetic

Question 52

According to the text's discussion, Latinos are

A) less likely than the U.S. average to be married.
B) significantly more likely than the U.S. average to be divorced.
C) more likely to have help from larger and extended families.
D) generally elderly.

Question 53

The text points out that marriages of recent immigrants seem __________ than do those of couples of similar ethnic background whose families have been in the United States longer.

A) more patriarchal
B) more matriarchal
C) less egalitarian
D) more egalitarian

Question 54

Latino families may be __________, those in which some family members are American citizens or legal residents, while others are undocumented immigrants.

A) binational
B) multinational
C) globalized
D) international

Question 55

Most immigrant family tax dollars go to __________ government.

A) local
B) municipal
C) state
D) the federal

Question 56

__________ are most likely of all minority groups to be caring for older family members.

A) African Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) American Indians

Question 57

Central American, Cuban, and Mexican immigrants all have lower __________ rates than non-Hispanic whites, despite higher levels of poverty.

A) birth
B) death
C) infant mortality
D) migration

Question 58

Binational families are those in which

A) family members reflect a single nationality.
B) some family members are legal residents, while others are not legally in the United States.
C) some family members are ethnic.
D) all family members are multicultural.

Question 59

As a family system, African American families are __________-focused.

A) mother
B) father
C) child
D) multi

Question 60

In comparison with their white counterparts, middle-class blacks

A) have equal-status jobs.
B) must cope with housing segregation.
C) live in areas with equal crime rates.
D) enjoy as many services.

Question 61

In Miller's typology of Native American families, __________ families have become alienated from both Indian and mainstream cultures.
A) bicultural

A) marginal
B) traditional
C) transitional

Question 62

Less than __________ percent of the population checked more than one race in the 2000 census.

A) 1
B) 3
C) 7
D) 10

Question 63

In Miller's typology of Native American families, __________ families develop a successful blend of native beliefs and the adaptations necessary to live in urban settings.
A) traditional

A) transitional
B) bicultural
B) marginal

Question 64

According to the text, one theme that appears in the "white studies" literature is "__________" - the idea that non-Hispanic whites have advantages in our society that go unnoticed to them.

A) mutual support
B) privilege
C) egalitarianism
D) patriarchy

Question 65

The United States is decreasing its cultural diversity.

Question 66

Blacks are more likely to accept children as desirable even in less promising circumstances.

Question 67

Sociologist Jennifer Hamer determined that the lower-income black fathers in her investigation, who were living away from their children, tried to do what they could to support these children.

Question 68

According to some research, blacks have more egalitarian gender roles than do whites.

Question 69

At present, __________ are the numerical majority in the United States.

A) African Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) whites

Question 70

In Miller's typology of Native American families, __________ families retain Indian ways, with minimal influence from the urban settings they live in.

A) marginal
B) transitional
C) bicultural
D) traditional

Question 71

In Miller's typology of Native American families, __________ families have lost Indian culture and are becoming assimilated to the white working class.

A) marginal
B) traditional
C) transitional
D) bicultural

Question 72

The United States is among the most religious of modern industrial nations, with over __________ percent of American adults indicating a religious identification.

A) sixty-five
B) seventy
C) seventy-five
D) eighty

Question 73

WFor Muslims, dating, marital choice, childrearing, the employment of women, dress, and marital decision-making are all __________ issues.

A) religious
B) personal
C) irrelevant
D) economic

Question 74

In the 1950s, family life was overshadowed by national crisis.

Question 75

Experts agree that the cause of the decline in marriage and two-parent families among blacks is completely economic.

Question 76

In 2008, the top 20 percent of U.S. families received almost half of the nation's total income, while the poorest 20 percent of Americans received just 3.4 percent.

Question 77

Individuals and families vary as a result of the social settings in which they exist.

Question 78

It appears that the better their earnings, the more likely black women are to marry.

Question 79

Latinos are the second largest racial/ethnic group in the United States after African Americans and non-Hispanic whites.

Question 80

The historically dominant religion in the U.S. has been

A) Judaism.
B) Catholicism.
C) Protestantism.
D) Islam.