Deck 2: The History of Juvenile Justice

Question 1

Parens patriae means:

A) "obey your parents"
B) "parent of the country"
C) "respect your parents"
D) "in place of parents"

Answer 1

B

Question 2

By ____ every state had a juvenile court.

A) 1950
B) 1945
C) 1940
D) 1930

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In which Court case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that the imposition of the death penalty on persons who were under 18 at the time of their crimes was cruel and unusual punishment?

A) Roper v. Simmons
B) Breed v. Jones
C) Thompson v. Oklahoma
D) Stanford v. Kentucky

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The first juvenile court was established in what year?

A) 1899
B) 1905
C) 1825
D) 1850

Question 5

_____ was a group of reformers who expressed concerns about the welfare of children.

A) Activists
B) Child savers
C) Lobbyists
D) Politicians

Question 6

In which Court case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that the execution of juvenile offenders 16 and 17 years of age was not unconstitutional?

A) Roper v. Simmons
B) Breed v. Jones
C) Thompson v. Oklahoma
D) Stanford v. Kentucky

Question 7

In what year did Congress pass the original Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act?

A) 1965
B) 1974
C) 1980
D) 1992

Question 8

Parens patriae was first tested in 1838 in ______.

A) In re Winship
B) Kent v. U.S.
C) Ex Parte Crouse
D) Commonwealth v. Fisher

Question 9

The movement away from rehabilitation and treatment and toward retribution and just deserts has occurred _____.

A) only in the criminal justice system
B) only in the juvenile justice system
C) simultaneously in both the criminal and juvenile justice systems
D) it hasn't occurred in either system

Question 10

Laws and legal procedures relating to juvenile offenders have a short history.

Question 11

The juvenile legal process was purportedly _____.

A) "in the best interests of the child"
B) "in the best interest of the parents'
C) "in the best interest of the community"
D) "in the best interest of the church"

Question 12

In 18th century America _____ were responsible for controlling children

A) Church
B) Parents
C) Community
D) Government

Question 13

In _____ the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled that the juvenile court's role in training delinquent children superseded the rights of children and their parents.

A) Kent v. U.S.
B) Ex Parte Crouse
C) Commonwealth v. Fisher
D) Roper v. Simmons

Question 14

In 18th century America, children who broke the law were treated like:

A) Children
B) Animals
C) Adult criminals
D) Objects

Question 15

In which Court case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that the execution of juvenile offenders under the age of 16 was cruel and unusual punishment?

A) Roper v. Simmons
B) Breed v. Jones
C) Thompson v. Oklahoma
D) Stanford v. Kentucky

Question 16

The primary purpose of the juvenile justice system was:

A) Retribution
B) Punishment
C) Incarceration
D) Rehabilitation

Question 17

______predicted that a group of "superpredators" would dramatically drive up the violent crime rate.

A) Bernard
B) Snyder
C) DiIulio
D) Howell

Question 18

In loco parentis means:

A) "obey your parents"
B) "parent of the country"
C) "respect your parents"
D) "in place of parents"

Question 19

Which of the following is not a reason for differences between adult and juvenile systems:

A) Diminished youthful offender accountability
B) Diminished youthful offender legal understanding
C) Youth are under age 18
D) Youths greater amenability to treatment

Question 20

The first house of refuge was opened in 1825 in:

A) New York
B) Philadelphia
C) Washington D.C.
D) Boston

Question 21

The federal government has always had an active role in the juvenile justice system.

Question 22

The result of the "child-saving movement" was to extend government intervention over youth behavior.

Question 23

Early reform schools were intended for education and punishment.

Question 24

What requirements were included in the original Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974?

Question 25

Parens patriae became the basis for the American juvenile court

Question 26

Describe the Court cases that were influential in ending the death penalty for juveniles.

Question 27

According to Platt the child savers' primary concern was to discipline and train youth to enter the labor force and support the growth of corporate capitalism in America.

Question 28

What are the five areas of change that have occurred as a result of states getting tough on juvenile delinquency/crime?

Question 29

What are the reasons for the differences between the juvenile justice system and the criminal justice system?

Question 30

First laws relating to juveniles were mentioned in Code of Hammurabi

Question 31

Juvenile courts sought to turn juvenile delinquents into productive citizens through strict punishment.

Question 32

According to Ferdinand juvenile court judges were more like a father-figure than a legal jurist.

Question 33

According to Pisciotta, 19ᵗʰ century judges committed minors to reformatories for non-criminal acts on the premise that juvenile institutions would have a beneficial effect.

Question 34

Explain the "cycles of juvenile justice"

Question 35

The hearings in juvenile courts were formal.

Question 36

All research shows that there is no longer any public support for juvenile rehabilitation.