Deck 15: Health, Well-Being, and Resilience

Question 1

The definition of stress is

A) any situation or experience that causes anxiety, discomfort, or depression.
B) a state of apprehension or dread about a future occurrence.
B) any situation that is so unpleasant that you want to escape from it.
C) anything that places excessive demands on your ability to cope.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Most childhood illnesses

A) are self-limiting and will resolve without any medical intervention.
B) respond better to antibiotics than to antivirals.
C) can easily be treated with aspirin and over-the-counter cold medicine.
D) require that the child be seen by a physician.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A particularly dangerous type of non-normative stress is known as

A) idiosyncratic stress.
B) non-normative stress.
C) toxic stress.
D) persistent stress.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV)

A) is most effective if the vaccine is administered before the adolescent becomes sexually active.
B) is available for girls, but the vaccine for boys is still under development.
C) is still being tested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to determine its safety.
D) is available but, because HPV is so rare, many adolescents are not being vaccinated.

Question 5

Ways to help prevent the spread of common illnesses once children start school include all of the following EXCEPT

A) getting all the required immunizations.
B) gargling with mouthwash.
C) frequent and thorough handwashing.
D) covering your mouth and nose when you sneeze.

Question 6

Thinking about the best way to handle a stressful situation or seeking advice and assistance from others are examples of

A) normative coping.
B) non-normative coping.
C) emotion-focused coping.
D) problem-focused coping.

Question 7

A child's regression to a more immature behavior or a disruption in the child's routine patterns of eating and sleeping could be

A) symptoms of a bi-polar disorder.
B) an indication of a conduct disorder.
C) signs that a child is experiencing stress.
D) types of coping strategies.

Question 8

In recent years, the amount of lead that children are exposed to has

A) decreased because lead is no longer used in the preparation of canned foods.
B) increased because lead comprises a substantial part of industrial pollution.
C) decreased because lead has been eliminated as an ingredient in household paint and in motor fuel.
D) increased because lead is an ingredient in most fertilizers used in commercial food production.

Question 9

Which is an example of active coping to the stressful situation of not knowing how well someone is doing in their job?

A) I am going to talk to my co-workers to see if they feel the same way and to get some suggestions from them.
B) I am going to make a list of ways that I can make the stressful situation better.
C) I am stressed because my boss doesn't give me feedback on my performance, so I am going to ask for a monthly check-in to see how I am doing.
D) I am going to wait until my yearly review and find out how I am doing then.

Question 10

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) impact a child's brain development in all of the following ways except:

A) The high levels of cortisol from stress can cause brain cells to die.
B) The high levels of cortisol from stress can reduce the connections between areas of the brain that are essential for learning and memory.
C) Brain cells begin to connect with other cells that are not compatible, causing irregularities in behavior.
D) Prolonged exposure to stressful situations can make the neural system overreactive or slow to shut down throughout the remainder of the individual's life.

Question 11

Starting kindergarten, going for your first sleepover at a friend's house, or learning how to drive are all examples of

A) problem-focused stress.
B) emotion-focused stress.
C) normative stress.
D) non-normative stress.

Question 12

When are problem-focused strategies most effective?

A) When there is nothing you can do about the actual stressor, but makes you feel like you are doing something.
B) When the situation is one that you can realistically change or control.
C) When it is used in combination with other strategies.
D) When you include a relationship-based response in combination with the problem-focused strategy.

Question 13

An event that is a relatively rare occurrence that few people need to deal with and which is overwhelming is called a

A) catastrophic stress.
B) incidental stress.
C) normative stress.
D) non-normative stress.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is the best description of how children's coping strategies change as they get older?

A) Young children use avoidance coping, but as they get older they rely more upon cognitive distortion.
B) Young children are more likely to rely upon problem-focused strategies, although they may use some simple, direct emotion-focused coping.
C) Young children are more likely to rely primarily upon emotion-focused strategies.
D) Young children use both emotion-focused and problem-focused strategies, but as they get older they rely almost exclusively on problem-focused strategies.

Question 15

If a stressful situation is one that is beyond your control and there aren't effective ways to change it, you can reduce some of your stress by

A) using problem-focused coping strategies.
B) using emotion-focused coping strategies.
C) ruminating over the cause of your problems.
D) trying to learn some new skills.

Question 16

Which of the following children would most likely be exposed to lead in the environment? A child who lives in

A) an urban environment in an older house.
B) a suburban neighborhood and whose family drives a SUV.
C) a rural environment and whose family operates a farm.
D) in a single family home, rather than an apartment.

Question 17

_______________ are experts in child development who promote optimal development in children by providing information, support, and guidance to children and families who are dealing with serious health problems.

A) Pediatric psychologists
B) Medical social workers
C) Child life specialists
D) Neurobehavioral specialists

Question 18

Asthma, diabetes, sickle cell anemia, cancer and HIV/AIDS are examples of

A) self-limiting illnesses.
B) acute illnesses.
C) chronic illnesses.
D) infectious diseases.

Question 19

A chronic illness suffered by a child affects everyone in the family because

A) a family is a system and what affects one member affects all the others.
B) everyone in a family must give medical consent for procedures performed on the child.
C) if a child has a chronic illness, everyone else in the family probably has the same illness.
D) the adults in the family must keep the other children in the family from finding out about the illness.

Question 20

The fight-or-flight response

A) is the best way to cope with any stress or challenge we face.
B) is an evolutionary leftover from our historic past that does not serve us well any more.
C) helps us to calm down and focus our concentration.
D) helps us deal with short-term sources of stress, but can wear us down physically in the face of long-term stress.

Question 21

The most common chronic illness among children in the United States today is:

A) cancer.
B) diabetes.
C) asthma.
D) lead poisoning.

Question 22

What happens after a report of suspected child abuse or neglect is investigated?

A) most investigations result in the child being removed from the family.
B) about three-quarter of reports are referred for services.
C) very few reports actually enter the child protective system.
D) at least one child is found to be a victim of abuse or neglect in less than one-quarter of the investigations.

Question 23

When we look at the characteristics that place a child at an increased risk of becoming a fatal victim of maltreatment, we find that

A) children under the age of 4 were at the greatest risk of dying at the hands of their own parents.
B) adolescent girls are the group that is at greatest risk.
C) school-aged children from larger families are at the greatest risk
D) the risk for girls is substantially higher than the risk for boys, but there is no difference in risk by ethnicity.

Question 24

Parents who are dealing with the issues of living in poverty

A) are more punitive and less warm toward their children.
B) are more controlling but also more warm toward their children.
C) use more induction when talking with their children.
D) are more accepting of their children, regardless of the child's behavior.

Question 25

Within the child protective services system, mandated reporters are

A) any public citizen who suspects that abuse has occurred.
B) professionals who work with children and families.
C) police officers and other officers of the court.
D) professionals within the field of education.

Question 26

In 2013, among the reports of child maltreatment

A) almost 80% of these reports involved neglect.
B) services were provided to over 90% of the families.
C) the majority of the reports involved physical abuse.
D) the majority of the reports involved sexual abuse.

Question 27

Adolescent rates of smoking are highest for:

A) Whites and Hispanics
B) Native Americans and Alaska Natives
C) Asians and Blacks
D) Eastern Europeans and Blacks

Question 28

Negative attitudes toward a particular racial group are

A) discriminatory actions.
B) racism.
C) prejudices.
D) stereotypes.

Question 29

When the economic situation of a family living in poverty improves

A) it has little effect on the children if they are already old enough to go to school.
B) academic performance tends to improve, but problem behaviors usually increase.
C) children's language skills, readiness for school and social behaviors all improve.
D) school grades and behavior improve, but the improvement is short-lived.

Question 30

Among parents who had been abused as children

A) almost all become abusive parents themselves when they have a family.
B) almost none will become abusive parents themselves when they have a family.
C) about 30% perpetuate the cycle and become abusive parents.
D) abuse tends to skip a generation, and then reappears in the next generation.

Question 31

_________________ is a pervasive system of advantage based on race.

A) Racism
B) A stereotype
C) Prejudice
D) Discrimination

Question 32

Which of the following statements about posttraumatic stress disorder in children is true?

A) Children who experience trauma are encouraged to get past the experience and not talk about it.
B) Preschoolers and children in kindergarten who experience trauma have a very high rate of expulsion and suspension from school.
C) The only way for children who have experienced trauma to be helped is through formal one-on-one counseling programs.
D) Children do not experience posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 33

With regard to rates of smoking among teens

A) the rate is much higher among males than females.
B) Black adolescents have a highest rate of smoking.
C) the rate is similar for White and Black adolescents.
D) the rate is similar for males and females.

Question 34

The battered child syndrome was first identified by

A) a church social worker in 1873.
B) by Sigmund Freud in 1910.
C) by Dr. Henry Kempe and his colleagues in the 1960s.
D) by the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in 1973.

Question 35

When other life experiences that are associated with negative mental health outcomes are controlled, researchers have found that

A) no form of abuse by itself is related to negative outcomes.
B) sexual abuse by itself is not related to negative outcomes.
C) the relationship between childhood physical abuse and mental health outcomes becomes insignificant.
D) neglect is associated with much worse mental health outcomes than any form of abuse.

Question 36

Homelessness is

A) challenging in ways that are similar to living in poverty, but homeless families have the advantage of being able to continue to live together.
B) a short-term situation for most families, so its impact on children is not significant unless they are separated from their parents.
C) a problem that has been addressed in recent years by the addition of a number of programs designed specifically for these families.
D) a complex, multifaceted problem for families that needs to be addressed through a variety of services.

Question 37

One important reason why male victims of sexual abuse do not disclose what has happened to them is that

A) male victims of sexual abuse often do not know their perpetrators.
B) people assume that reports of sexual abuse from male victims are an attempt to get attention.
C) males in our society are socialized not to be victims or, if they are, to keep it to themselves.
D) the boys don't know how to describe what has happened to them.

Question 38

What recent marketing campaign has provided an incentive for adolescents to start drinking at younger ages?

A) Lower alcohol content drinks that have the illusion of being less addictive
B) Alcopops, sweet, fruity alcoholic drinks
C) A campaign for parents to host parties, allowing younger individuals to drink safely
D) Television shows showing adolescents drinking and having fun

Question 39

Poverty has the most damaging effects on children who

A) move into and out of poverty from time to time and those who experience poverty in middle childhood.
B) continually live in poverty and those who experience poverty in early childhood.
C) continually live in poverty and those who experience poverty during adolescence.
D) move into and out of poverty from time to time and those who experience poverty in adolescence.

Question 40

Failure to meet a child's basic needs for food, clothing, housing and education is the definition of

A) maltreatment.
B) neglect.
C) abuse.
D) ineffective parenting.

Question 41

What has been the greatest contribution to the decrease in accidental fatalities for children?

A) More availability of baby-proofing items
B) Laws that require that children be restrained while riding in a motor vehicle
C) Laws that require children to sit in the back seat of an automobile
D) Better parental monitoring due to education campaigns targeted toward parents

Question 42

Which school intervention to reduce stereotyping involves encouraging interaction among children of different races and backgrounds through working together on a learning project?

A) Cooperative learning experiences
B) Multicultural education
C) Anti-bias social cognitive skills training
D) Teaching tolerance activities in classrooms

Question 43

Which type of abuse is the most difficult to define and investigate?

A) Sexual abuse
B) Physical abuse
C) Neglect
D) Psychological and emotional abuse

Question 44

The process of racial socialization involves

A) attempts to break down the negative perceptions of particular racial or ethnic groups.
B) legislation that targets discriminatory practices and imposes penalties for them.
C) efforts to bring children and adolescents from different racial and ethnic backgrounds together to work on collaborative projects.
D) parents teaching their children about discrimination and preparing them to deal with it.

Question 45

Which of the findings accurately reflects information gathered by Monitoring the Future regarding adolescent e-cigarette usage?

A) Adolescents use e-cigarettes to help them quit smoking.
B) The majority of adolescents use nicotine in their e-cigarette inhaler.
C) The use of e-cigarettes was associated with a greater likelihood of using conventional cigarettes.
D) Most adolescents do not perceive e-cigarettes as a safe alternative to smoking traditional cigarettes.

Question 46

Which of the following groups is most likely to experience sexual abuse?

A) Families from an ethnic minority group, especially Black and Hispanic ethnicities
B) Families who live in lower socioeconomic groups
C) Families who are from Caucasian backgrounds
D) Families from all ethnic and racial backgrounds and at all socioeconomic levels

Question 47

Anne Masten has described resiliency as the product of

A) a heroic ability that goes far beyond what we expect to see in most children.
B) "ordinary magic" because the factors that promote resiliency are factors that result from human adaptational systems.
C) extraordinary children who seem to be invincible and invulnerable to any misfortune that comes their way.
D) rare and special qualities that are associated with the ability to cope with adversity.

Question 48

The advantages for children who moved from a high-poverty neighborhood to better neighborhoods as a result of the Moving to Opportunity program were only seen for children who moved before the age of:

A) 13.
B) 5.
C) 12 months.
D) 8.

Question 49

_______________ is a serious psychological disorder in which children and adolescents experience hallucinations (particularly hearing voices that aren't there), delusions, have difficulty staying on task, and have thoughts that do not follow a logical pattern.

A) Posttraumatic stress disorder
B) Tourette's disorder
C) Early-onset schizophrenia
D) Autism

Question 50

Interventions to reduce the stigma related to mental disorders include:

A) summer camp-based programs for youth with mental disorders.
B) out-patient treatment in a group therapy setting.
C) school-based curricula and club-based activity after school.
D) separate classrooms in schools for children with mental disorders.

Question 51

What is the leading cause of death and disability for children in the U.S. between birth and age 19?

A) Asthma
B) Suicide
C) Diabetes
D) Accidents

Question 52

When you are sleep deprived, your body produces more of the hormone _____ that tells you when it is time to eat and less of the hormone _____ that tells you when to stop eating.

A) melatonin; leptin
B) ghrelin; leptin
C) leptin; cortisol
D) cortisol; melatonin

Question 53

How can the effects of stress early in life be reversed?

A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy can reverse the early effects of stress.
B) Through sensitive caregiving.
C) The effects of stress early in life cannot be reversed.
D) Through a specialized computer program that can train the brain to look at stress differently.

Question 54

Which hypothesis posits that asthma and allergies have increased because our environment has become cleaner, thus lowering our exposure to germs and, as a result, our immune system is less able to differentiate between harmful substances and less harmful irritants?

A) Immunosuppressant hypothesis
B) Reactionary hypothesis
C) Hygiene hypothesis
D) Irritant hypothesis

Question 55

The ability to bounce back from adversity and to thrive despite negative life experiences is known as

A) posttraumatic stress recovery.
B) resiliency.
C) flexibility.
D) recovery strength.

Question 56

The conclusion drawn from the research conducted by Emmy Werner on the Island of Kauai was that

A) family poverty was the most damaging childhood experience that children can have.
B) children raised in families in which the parents were substances abusers had the worst adult outcomes.
C) almost all of these children perpetuated the cycle of poverty and abuse when they became parents themselves because it was the only way they knew to raise children.
D) about one-third of the children they studied had good outcomes by the time they become adults despite the fact that they had many risk factors in their childhood.

Question 57

_____________________ is a condition where the individual has difficulty with appropriate use of both verbal and nonverbal communication.

A) Tourette's disorder
B) Schizophrenia
C) Reactive attachment disorder
D) Pragmatic communication disorder

Question 58

__________________________________ play a role in helping minority teens maintain their self-esteem in the face of negative events.

A) Parental warmth and social support from others
B) A strong romantic attachment and a broad circle of friends
C) Academic achievement and parental strictness
D) Having siblings and being the oldest child in the family

Question 59

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be a perpetrator responsible for neglect?

A) Female perpetrators
B) Non-parental male perpetrators
C) Parental male perpetrators
D) Child care providers

Question 60

Symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following except:

A) sleep and appetite distrubances.
B) disorganized speech.
C) a reduced expression of emotion.
D) hallucinations.

Question 61

Discuss the following statement: "All stress is bad for children and should be avoided."

Question 62

By the time that children enter adolescence, they no longer need to rely on behaviors that simply make them feel better rather than actually improving the situation.

Question 63

Onset of mental disorders in childhood has a better prognosis for later well-being because of the brain's ability to change in response to treatment.

Question 64

The rate of teen addiction to prescription drugs has increased greatly in the past ten years.

Question 65

Describe three types of child abuse. What long-term outcomes have been found for each of these?

Question 66

One of the characteristics that is associated with resiliency is the ability to take advantage of major life transitions when they occur.

Question 67

Mary has a big test coming up. Her teacher told the class that it would be open book. Now, the day before the exam, the teacher changes his mind and says the class may not use their books. List five things that Mary might do to cope with this stressful situation. Label each of these as emotion-focused or problem-focused coping.

Question 68

The leading cause of death for children ages 19 years and younger is injuries.

Question 69

The most challenging type of stress to deal with is normative stress.

Question 70

Emergency shelters are usually the first choice of homeless families for a living situation if they are available.

Question 71

About 90% of the alcohol consumed by young people is in the form of binge drinking.

Question 72

What role do toxins play in children's health? Which populations are most likely to be exposed to toxins?

Question 73

One of the challenges for the child protective services system is the large number of intentionally False reports that are filed.

Question 74

Childhood immunizations will protect children from common childhood illnesses.

Question 75

When children's parents are stressed, the children themselves report being more stressed.

Question 76

Describe at least three effects that a child's chronic illness may have on the child's family.

Question 77

Organic foods have not been shown to be clearly nutritionally superior to foods grown with pesticides.

Question 78

Sexual abuse occurs in families from all ethnic and racial backing and at all socioeconomic levels.

Question 79

Maternal smoking during a pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of the child having asthma.

Question 80

One out of every 10 children is a victim of maltreatment each year.