Deck 14: Beyond Family and School: Activities, Media and the Natural World

Question 1

American teens have been found to spend the majority of time in __________ compared with teens from East Asia or Europe.

A) leisure activities
B) academic activities
C) paid labor
D) unoccupied behavior

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Among the developmental assets that have been identified by the Search Institute, the constructive activity that has the lowest level of participation is

A) creative activities, such as lessons or participation in theater or other arts.
B) youth programs, such as sports, clubs or organization at schools or in the community.
C) religious activities, including spending time at religious institutions.
D) spending time hanging out with friends for 2 or fewer nights each week.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The rate of sports-related injuries

A) increases as children get older, and occur more frequently to boys than girls.
B) decreases as children get older and more skilled, and equally affects boys and girls.
C) increases as children get older, and equally affects boys and girls.
D) decreases as children get older, but occurs more frequently to boys than girls.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The focus of the positive youth development approach is to

A) help children develop a competitive spirit.
B) help young people reach their full potential.
C) pair young people with adults who will be their mentors.
D) help remediate alcohol and drug problems among adolescents.

Question 5

Many children who participate in organized sports drop out by age 13, but more children might continue these activities if

A) we placed a greater emphasis on competition and winning, because that is what children value most.
B) we let the children themselves write the rules for the games they play.
C) the coaches worked the children harder so they had more of a sense of accomplishment.
D) we emphasized skills, teamwork and fun, rather than winning.

Question 6

Exposure to natural outdoor environments has been shown to reduce the symptoms of

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) attention-deficit disorder.
C) depression.
D) conduct disorder.

Question 7

One advantage of adolescents having some amount of unstructured time with peers is that it

A) prevents them from taking part-time jobs that will interfere with their studies.
B) allows them to develop an identity separate from their parents.
C) protects them from involvement with deviant behaviors.
D) reduces the amount of competition within the peer group.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a potential outcome of a concussion injury?

A) Memory loss
B) Visual impairment
C) Headache
D) Confusion

Question 9

In most cases, children and adolescents say that their motivation for participating in organized activities is

A) their own desire to seek out and participate in these experiences.
B) their parents pressure on them to participate.
C) the fact that their peers urge them to participate.
D) to avoid having to do homework or to hold part-time employment.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a good indicator of a child's readiness to participate in a particular sport?

A) Chronological age
B) The child's motivation to participate
C) Participation of the peer group
D) The skill set of an individual child

Question 11

One of the consequences of coaches not having a good understanding of child development is that

A) coaches often do not expect enough of the children they work with.
B) coaches do not understand how the children they work with are going to interpret what the coach is doing.
C) parents think that they can do a better job at coaching than the coach is doing.
D) coaches emphasize having fun while the children want to compete and develop skills.

Question 12

In order for structured activities for adolescents to be effective in reducing deviant behavior, it is important that

A) the activities be competitive ones that push the adolescent to excel.
B) all activities are mixed-gender activities.
C) the activities occur after school when teens would otherwise be hanging out with friends outside of adult supervision.
D) the activities bring together adolescents from a variety of backgrounds and with different levels of experience.

Question 13

Larson and Brown (2007) found that teens who took part in a community theater program

A) were able to build academic skills in mathematics and English.
B) reported that they felt too much pressure tied to their public performances.
C) were also more likely to participate in organized athletic activities.
D) learned to understand and manage their emotions.

Question 14

Among children who play team sports, ______________ receive an injury that is serious enough to keep them from playing at least for a while.

A) fewer than 3%
B) one-third
C) more than half
D) almost all, at one time or another

Question 15

One of the effects of part-time employment for teens over the age of 16 from low-income families is

A) higher earnings after graduation.
B) the development of school-related skills.
C) a lower risk of dropping out of school.
D) closer relations with parents.

Question 16

Adding creative arts to the existing curriculum has helped

A) low-income preschoolers be better prepared for school.
B) autistic children to come out of their shells.
C) learning-disabled children develop reading and math skills.
D) to improve the school's standardized test scores.

Question 17

In comparison to children in other countries, American children spend more time

A) doing school work.
B) with their families.
C) playing sports.
D) watching television.

Question 18

Unstructured time spent with friends during adolescence has been associated with

A) greater imagination and creativity.
B) better social skills and a stronger peer network.
C) greater amounts of time spent with nonparental adults.
D) an increased risk of criminal activity, sexual activity, and drug and alcohol use.

Question 19

President Obama's initiative named "America's Great Outdoors Initiative" was designed to accomplish all of the following goals for America's youth except to

A) empower and enable youth to work and volunteer in the outdoors.
B) make the outdoors inviting, exciting, and fun for today's young people.
C) involve youth in programs intended to help endangered species of animals native to the U.S.
D) ensure that all young people have access to outdoor places that are safe, clean, and close to home.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about organized activities is true?

A) Many children spend 20 hours a week or more in organized activities.
B) Three-quarters of all American children do not participate in any organized activities.
C) Relatively few children appear to be overscheduled with organized activities.
D) Younger children are more likely to be involved in organized activities than adolescents.

Question 21

The educational programming produced by the Sesame Workshop

A) has strong academic content, but often fails to hold the interest of young children.
B) holds the interest of young children, but doesn't attract adults to its audience.
C) uses techniques similar to those used in commercials to hold the child's attention.
D) is entertaining, but has not been shown to improve children's pre-academic skills.

Question 22

There is a _____________ between heavy use of media (including entertainment TV and video games) and school performance.

A) negative effect
B) positive effect
C) weak link
D) path analysis

Question 23

The relationship between television viewing and problems with attention

A) is clear in studies involving young children, but not in those involving adolescents.
B) is clear and we know that it is the television viewing that creates the attention problem.
C) is clear and we know that it is because children who have attention problems like to watch television.
D) is unclear because we don't know which is the cause and which is the effect.

Question 24

One of the reasons why heavy media use is associated with poorer school achievement is that

A) the pacing of most media is not appropriate for holding the viewer's attention.
B) auditory processing always takes precedence over visual processing.
C) the information from the media engages working memory and reduces its capacity to process the information into long-term storage.
D) children who use a lot of media tend to have friends who do not value achievement at school.

Question 25

The body of research on media violence and aggression

A) consistently supports the idea that watching violence or playing violent video games promotes aggression.
B) continues to find mixed results that do not help us to understand the direction of the effect.
C) supports this relationship in short-term studies, but in longitudinal research the relationship is not clear.
D) finds that media violence increases aggressive emotions and thoughts, but does not actually affect behavior.

Question 26

Having a natural mentor during adolescence has been associated with

A) a reduced risk of problem behaviors.
B) lower-quality relationships with parents.
C) greater academic achievement, but also great risk of delinquency.
D) alienation from the adolescent's peer group.

Question 27

Survey research on television viewing has found that

A) in almost half of all homes the TV is always on, and parents monitor the content of the programs that their children watch but do not limit the amount of time.
B) in most homes, the TV is on for 2 to 3 hours a day and the family watches most program together in the evenings.
C) parents monitor the content of programs and the amount of time that elementary school children watch TV, but don't monitor the television viewing of older children and adolescents.
D) parents often limit the amount of time they let children watch TV each day, but seldom pay attention to what it is that they are watching.

Question 28

The natural tendency to respond automatically to novel, moving, meaning or surprising stimuli is called

A) disinhabituation.
B) the startle response.
C) the orienting response.
D) a conditioned response.

Question 29

How long lasting is the effect of watching Sesame Street on children's grades in school?

A) Through their transition year into kindergarten.
B) Usually through second or third grade.
C) Effects have been found through fifth grade.
D) Effects continue even through high school.

Question 30

When girls and boys were asked about the people they considered "very important people" in their lives

A) girls named more relatives than boys.
B) boys and girls were equally likely to say they had a "very important" adult in their lives.
C) girls reported greater enjoyment and greater psychological intimacy in these relationships than boys.
D) girls report having more cross-gender relationships than boys did.

Question 31

The thin ideal that is promoted by media has

A) been implicated in the increase in body dissatisfaction and eating disorders among children and adolescents.
B) been given credit for the recent and substantial increase in physical activity among children and adolescents.
C) contributed to an increased awareness among children and adolescents of health-related topics.
D) been credited for breaking down some gender stereotypes between men and women.

Question 32

There is research evidence that supports the idea that watching Sesame Street

A) helps to build positive emotional bonds between parents and children.
B) makes children more autonomous and capable of doing things on their own.
C) helps children to be more prepared to learn to read and do arithmetic when they enter school.
D) increases impulsivity in children and decreases their persistence and ability to stay on task.

Question 33

what percentage of teens report that they are online "almost constantly"?

A) 15%
B) 24%
C) 42%
D) 63%

Question 34

Research that has looked at the quality of the relationship that a teen has with an important nonparental adult in their life has found that these relationships are

A) no different in quality from the relationship that teens have with their parents.
B) no different in quality from the relationship that teens have with their peers.
C) a unique sort of support, rather than a substitute for the teen's relationship with his or her parents.
D) a relationship that compensates for any problems that the teen has with his or her parents.

Question 35

When teens and their parents were asked to report on the strength of the teen's relationship with important people in the teen's life, the parents

A) underestimated the influence of extended family members, but overestimated the influence of professionals, such as teachers and coaches.
B) underestimated the influence of professional, such as teachers and coaches, but overestimates the influence of extended family members.
C) underestimated the influence of all relationships with adults, compared to the teen's perception of them.
D) overestimated the influence of all relationships with adults, compared to the teen's perception of them.

Question 36

Research that has evaluated formal mentoring program has found that

A) if the mentor also has a relationship with the parents, the mentoring is less effective.
B) short-term programs are more effective than longer term ones.
C) in many cases the programs only have a small effect.
D) most mentoring programs have a negative, rather than a positive, effect on the child.

Question 37

The research on the association between television viewing and obesity has found that

A) there is no consistent relationship between television viewing and a child's weight.
B) the more time children spend watching television, the less time they have for physical activity.
C) the relationship holds for younger children but not for adolescents.
D) this relationship only holds for a small number of overweight children who watch extraordinary amounts of television.

Question 38

Educational television appears to have

A) a positive effect on learning for children older than age 2.
B) a positive effect that is similar to the effect of entertainment television for children older than 4.
C) a negative effect on cognitive development in children under the age of 7.
D) a negative effect on pre-academic skills of preschool children.

Question 39

Infants and toddler learn more effectively from

A) watching entertainment television.
B) watching educational television.
C) watching videos designed specifically to promote cognitive development.
D) having real-life interaction with other people.

Question 40

Doing several different activities at the same time (often involving several different types of media) is known as

A) media surfing.
B) mixed media.
C) multitasking.
D) media networking.

Question 41

Online predators

A) often are guilty of forcible rape when they actually meet the teens they have been communicating with.
B) cultivate relationships with their victims over time to establish a trusting relationship.
C) often know the children or teens they contact before they begin chatting or text messaging.
D) are usually looking for a romantic relationship with someone who understands them.

Question 42

Which of the following is not a benefit of social media?

A) Helps keep adolescents organized
B) Promotes community involvement
C) Enhances creativity and growth of ideas
D) Helps with identity development

Question 43

In adolescence, White parents allow their children to spend more time away from home in unstructured time with peers than African-American parents.

Question 44

The relationship between time spent in the natural environment and stress relief has been found

A) only for children who live in urban areas.
B) only for children who are suffering from traumatic levels of stress.
C) for all children, regardless of the level of their family's income.
D) only for children who live in rural areas.

Question 45

In an analysis of the portrayal of homosexual characters in television programming, Raley and Lucas concluded that we were current at the state where gay characters are

A) largely excluded from programming.
B) occasionally portrayed, but primarily as a topic of ridicule.
C) moving into roles where they are shown in limited, but socially acceptable, roles.
D) thoroughly integrated into regular television programming.

Question 46

Time spent in the natural world has been associated with all of the following outcomes EXCEPT

A) more effective problem solving.
B) creating positive social relations with peers.
C) a desire to protect the natural environment.
D) reviving the ability to focus attention.

Question 47

As teens watch more television, their self-image becomes less complex and this is a problem because they

A) won't be able to deal with the developmental task of choosing intimacy over isolation.
B) may not be able to handle stressful situations that affect an important aspect of their sense of self.
C) may develop a negative rather than a positive identity
D) will have greater difficulty in the future in choosing an occupation.

Question 48

Girls who watch more educational shows were more likely than other girls to

A) engage in violent physical aggression.
B) engage in more relational aggression.
C) show more prosocial and positive behavior.
D) show more empathetic behavior.

Question 49

The best strategy for parents who want to have some control over the impact of media on their children is to

A) tightly regulate and restrict which program your children can watch.
B) not say anything about violence seen in TV because it will only draw the child's attention to it and make it more memorable.
C) try to find a balance between being overly restrictive and having no restrictions at all.
D) not watch television with your children because may appear that you approve of what is being shown.

Question 50

What percentage of teens take photos of themselves with their mobile phone or other device and post those photos online for others to see?

A) 25%
B) 55%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Question 51

Which of the following statements about Latino teens and media is true?

A) The more media that Latino teens view, the lower their social and body self-esteem.
B) The effect of media viewing on Latino teenagers is stronger for boys than for girls.
C) The more media that Latino teens view, the higher their self-esteem and sense of ethnic pride.
D) Latinos are overrepresented in the media in comparison to their proportion in the American population.

Question 52

We can reduce children's tendency to want to emulate movie stars that they see smoking in movies if we help the children learn that

A) smoking is bad for you.
B) smoking is just a random event with no particular purpose in the movie.
C) most actors and actresses also smoke in real life.
D) smoking in movies is really a type of advertising.

Question 53

The number of different ways in which an individual defines herself is her

A) self-knowledge.
B) self-concept.
C) self-esteem.
D) self-complexity.

Question 54

When parents greatly restrict and control what their children can watch on television, the

A) children show a substantial increase in prosocial behavior.
B) programs become "forbidden fruit" and are even more appealing to the children.
C) children soon find that what they like watching the best are the programs their parents allow them to watch.
D) children absorb the message that television viewing is not a good use of their time.

Question 55

One gender difference in how teens use media is that

A) girls use these media much more frequently than boys.
B) boys use these media much more frequently than girls.
C) girls use media to maintain existing friendships but boys use media to make new friends.
D) girls report that using media makes them feel better, but boys report that it often causes conflict.

Question 56

A recent survey of children found that

A) the decline reported in outdoor participation in recent years continues at about the same rate as previously.
B) the decline in outdoor participation reported in recent years continues, but at an even steeper rate.
C) the steep decline in outdoor participation seen in recent years did not continue in the most recent survey.
D) the decline seen in outdoor participation in recent years has reversed itself, and participation is now increasing.

Question 57

Teens who work less than 20 hours a week do not differ academically or socially from those who do not work.

Question 58

One of the ways in which television can impact the self-esteem or self-concept of children or adolescents is by

A) highlighting the accomplishments of women and minorities in its stories.
B) reflecting the great complexity in people's lives.
C) limiting the options that are shown for a person's life.
D) focusing on diversity and the complexity of relationships.

Question 59

What percentage of teens report that they have engaged in sexting?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 35%
D) 44%

Question 60

Children are more likely to choose and enjoy health foods if they

A) have helped with a school garden.
B) watch videos that show other children enjoying healthy foods.
C) are told that older children enjoy these foods.
D) receive bonus points toward their grades for eating these foods.

Question 61

For African-American adolescents, the more televised sports and music videos they watch, the higher their self-esteem.

Question 62

When children spend time in natural settings, it is difficult for them to settle down and pay attention to their schoolwork when they return to the classroom.

Question 63

Watching fast-paced shows like Sesame Street makes children more impulsive and reduces their task persistence.

Question 64

Discuss three reasons why children now take part in less unstructured, outdoor play than they have in the past.

Question 65

Participation in structured activities during adolescence has been associated with positive academic outcomes and lower levels of alcohol use.

Question 66

Positive youth development means that the young person does not have any developmental problems.

Question 67

Just having the television on, even if children aren't watching it, can disrupt children's play.

Question 68

Seventy percent of children drop out of organized sports by the age of 13.

Question 69

The more movies that teens watch in which there is a lot of smoking, the more likely they themselves are to smoke.

Question 70

Boys are proportionately more likely to suffer a concussion than girls.

Question 71

The relationships that adolescents have with non-parental adults are qualitatively the same as the relationship they have with their parents.

Question 72

Narcissistic individuals are more likely to take selfies and the more they show selfies online the more narcissistic they become.

Question 73

Most of the people who volunteer to coach youth sports are professionals who already work with children in some capacity (such as being a teacher or counselor).

Question 74

Most of the injuries that children and adolescents suffer while participating in sports occur during the intensity of the game itself.

Question 75

About 40% of children between the ages of 5 and 18 do not spend any time in organized, out-of-school activities each week.

Question 76

The research on the nonparental adults that young people consider to be "very important people" in their lives has found that boys name more cross-gender relationships than girls.

Question 77

Playing a musical instrument has been associated with an increase in scores on measures of intelligence.

Question 78

Among all the electronic media that children and adolescents use today, they spend more time watch television than any other form.

Question 79

The amount of television that preschoolers, school-age children and teenagers watch is associated with attention problems later in life.

Question 80

Playing violent video games increases violent tendencies even more than watching television.