Deck 18: Control of Gene Expression

Question 1

Use the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Suppose an experimenter becomes proficient with a technique that allows her to move DNA sequences within a prokaryotic genome.
If glucose is available in the environment of E. coli, the cell responds with very low concentration of cAMP. When the cAMP increases in concentration, it binds to CAP. Which of the following would you expect would then be a measurable effect?

A)decreased concentration of the lac enzymes
B)increased concentration of the trp enzymes
C)decreased binding of the RNA polymerase to sugar metabolism-related promoters
D)decreased concentration of alternative sugars in the cell
E)increased concentrations of sugars such as arabinose in the cell

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The lactose operon is likely to be transcribed when

A)there is more glucose in the cell than lactose.
B)the cyclic AMP levels are low.
C)there is glucose but no lactose in the cell.
D)the cyclic AMP and lactose levels are both high within the cell.
E)the cAMP level is high and the lactose level is low.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The tryptophan operon is a repressible operon that is

A)permanently turned on.
B)turned on only when tryptophan is present in the growth medium.
C)turned off only when glucose is present in the growth medium.
D)turned on only when glucose is present in the growth medium.
E)turned off whenever tryptophan is added to the growth medium.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Use the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Suppose an experimenter becomes proficient with a technique that allows her to move DNA sequences within a prokaryotic genome.
If she moves the operator to the far end of the operon (past the transacetylase gene), which of the following would likely occur when the cell is exposed to lactose?

A)The inducer will no longer bind to the repressor.
B)The repressor will no longer bind to the operator.
C)The operon will never be transcribed.
D)The structural genes will be transcribed continuously.
E)The repressor protein will no longer be produced.

Question 5

Transcription of the structural genes in an inducible operon

A)occurs continuously in the cell.
B)starts when the pathway's substrate is present.
C)starts when the pathway's product is present.
D)stops when the pathway's product is present.
E)does not result in the production of enzymes.

Question 6

Use the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Suppose an experimenter becomes proficient with a technique that allows her to move DNA sequences within a prokaryotic genome.
If she moves the promoter for the lac operon to the region between the beta galactosidase gene and the permease gene, which of the following would be likely?

A)Three structural genes will no longer be expressed.
B)RNA polymerase will no longer transcribe permease.
C)The operon will no longer be inducible.
D)Beta galactosidase will be produced.
E)The cell will continue to metabolize but more slowly.

Question 7

When this is taken up by the cell, it binds to the repressor so that the repressor no longer binds to the operator:

A)operon
B)inducer
C)promoter
D)repressor
E)corepressor

Question 8

What does the operon model attempt to explain?

A)the coordinated control of gene expression in bacteria
B)bacterial resistance to antibiotics
C)how genes move between homologous regions of DNA
D)the mechanism of viral attachment to a host cell
E)horizontal transmission of plant viruses

Question 9

A mutation in this section of DNA could influence the binding of RNA polymerase to the DNA:

A)operon
B)inducer
C)promoter
D)repressor
E)corepressor

Question 10

Allolactose induces the synthesis of the enzyme lactase. An E. coli cell is presented for the first time with the sugar lactose (containing allolactose)as a potential food source. Which of the following occurs when the lactose enters the cell?

A)The repressor protein attaches to the regulator.
B)Allolactose binds to the repressor protein.
C)Allolactose binds to the regulator gene.
D)The repressor protein and allolactose bind to RNA polymerase.
E)RNA polymerase attaches to the regulator.

Question 11

Muscle cells and nerve cells in one species of animal owe their differences in structure to

A)having different genes.
B)having different chromosomes.
C)using different genetic codes.
D)having different genes expressed.
E)having unique ribosomes.

Question 12

How does active CAP induce expression of the genes of the lactose operon?

A)It terminates production of repressor molecules.
B)It degrades the substrate allolactose.
C)It stimulates splicing of the encoded genes.
D)It stimulates the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter.
E)It binds steroid hormones and controls translation.

Question 13

Altering patterns of gene expression in prokaryotes would most likely serve the organism's survival in which of the following ways?

A)organizing gene expression so that genes are expressed in a given order
B)allowing each gene to be expressed an equal number of times
C)allowing the organism to adjust to changes in environmental conditions
D)allowing young organisms to respond differently from more mature organisms
E)allowing environmental changes to alter the prokaryote's genome

Question 14

In response to chemical signals, prokaryotes can do which of the following?

A)turn off translation of their mRNA
B)alter the level of production of various enzymes
C)increase the number and responsiveness of their ribosomes
D)inactivate their mRNA molecules
E)alter the sequence of amino acids in certain proteins

Question 15

Use the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Suppose an experimenter becomes proficient with a technique that allows her to move DNA sequences within a prokaryotic genome.
If she moves the repressor gene (lac I), along with its promoter, to a position at some several thousand base pairs away from its normal position, which will you expect to occur?

A)The repressor will no longer be made.
B)The repressor will no longer bind to the operator.
C)The repressor will no longer bind to the inducer.
D)The lac operon will be expressed continuously.
E)The lac operon will function normally.

Question 16

This protein is produced by a regulatory gene:

A)operon
B)inducer
C)promoter
D)repressor
E)corepressor

Question 17

For a repressible operon to be transcribed, which of the following must occur?

A)A corepressor must be present.
B)RNA polymerase and the active repressor must be present.
C)RNA polymerase must bind to the promoter, and the repressor must be inactive.
D)RNA polymerase cannot be present, and the repressor must be inactive.
E)RNA polymerase must not occupy the promoter, and the repressor must be inactive.

Question 18

The role of a metabolite that controls a repressible operon is to

A)bind to the promoter region and decrease the affinity of RNA polymerase for the promoter.
B)bind to the operator region and block the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter.
C)increase the production of inactive repressor proteins.
D)bind to the repressor protein and inactivate it.
E)bind to the repressor protein and activate it.

Question 19

A lack of this nonprotein molecule would result in the inability of the cell to "turn off" genes:

A)operon
B)inducer
C)promoter
D)repressor
E)corepressor

Question 20

A mutation that inactivates the regulatory gene of a repressible operon in an E. coli cell would result in

A)continuous transcription of the structural gene controlled by that regulator.
B)complete inhibition of transcription of the structural gene controlled by that regulator.
C)irreversible binding of the repressor to the operator.
D)inactivation of RNA polymerase by alteration of its active site.
E)continuous translation of the mRNA because of alteration of its structure.

Question 21

Genomic imprinting, DNA methylation, and histone acetylation are all examples of

A)genetic mutation.
B)chromosomal rearrangements.
C)karyotypes.
D)epigenetic phenomena.
E)translocation.

Question 22

Two potential devices that eukaryotic cells use to regulate transcription are

A)DNA methylation and histone amplification.
B)DNA amplification and histone methylation.
C)DNA acetylation and methylation.
D)DNA methylation and histone acetylation.
E)histone amplification and DNA acetylation.

Question 23

Approximately what proportion of the DNA in the human genome codes for proteins or functional RNA?

A)83%
B)46%
C)32%
D)13%
E)1)5%

Question 24

A researcher found a method she could use to manipulate and quantify phosphorylation and methylation in embryonic cells in culture. In one set of experiments she succeeded in decreasing methylation of histone tails. Which of the following results would she most likely see?

A)increased chromatin condensation
B)decreased chromatin concentration
C)abnormalities of mouse embryos
D)decreased binding of transcription factors
E)inactivation of the selected genes

Question 25

In eukaryotes, transcription is generally associated with

A)euchromatin only.
B)heterochromatin only.
C)very tightly packed DNA only.
D)highly methylated DNA only.
E)both euchromatin and histone acetylation.

Question 26

If you were to observe the activity of methylated DNA, you would expect it to

A)be replicating nearly continuously.
B)be unwinding in preparation for protein synthesis.
C)have turned off or slowed down the process of transcription.
D)be very actively transcribed and translated.
E)induce protein synthesis by not allowing repressors to bind to it.

Question 27

This is the site in the DNA located near the end of the final exon, encoding an RNA sequence that determines the 3' end of the transcript:

A)enhancer
B)promoter
C)activator
D)repressor
E)terminator

Question 28

Which of the following mechanisms is (are)used to coordinately control the expression of multiple, related genes in eukaryotic cells?

A)organization of the genes into clusters, with local chromatin structures influencing the expression of all the genes at once
B)each of the genes sharing a common control element, allowing several activators to turn on their transcription, regardless of their location in the genome
C)organizing the genes into large operons, allowing them to be transcribed as a single unit
D)a single repressor able to turn off several related genes
E)environmental signals that enter the cell and bind directly to their promoters

Question 29

A researcher found a method she could use to manipulate and quantify phosphorylation and methylation in embryonic cells in culture. She tried decreasing the amount of methylation enzymes in the embryonic stem cells and then allowed the cells to further differentiate. Which of the following results would she most likely see?

A)increased chromatin condensation
B)decreased chromatin concentration
C)abnormalities of mouse embryos
D)decreased binding of transcription factors
E)inactivation of the selected genes

Question 30

A geneticist introduces a transgene into yeast cells and isolates five independent cell lines in which the transgene has integrated into the yeast genome. In four of the lines, the transgene is expressed strongly, but in the fifth there is no expression at all. Which is a likely explanation for the lack of transgene expression in the fifth cell line?

A)A transgene integrated into a heterochromatic region of the genome.
B)A transgene integrated into a euchromatic region of the genome.
C)The transgene was mutated during the process of integration into the host cell genome.
D)The host cell lacks the enzymes necessary to express the transgene.
E)A transgene integrated into a region of the genome characterized by high histone acetylation.

Question 31

This binds to a site in the DNA far from the promoter to stimulate transcription:

A)enhancer
B)promoter
C)activator
D)repressor
E)terminator

Question 32

During DNA replication,

A)all methylation of the DNA is lost at the first round of replication.
B)DNA polymerase is blocked by methyl groups, and methylated regions of the genome are therefore left uncopied.
C)methylation of the DNA is maintained because methylation enzymes act at DNA sites where one strand is already methylated and thus correctly methylates daughter strands after replication.
D)methylation of the DNA is maintained because DNA polymerase directly incorporates methylated nucleotides into the new strand opposite any methylated nucleotides in the template.
E)methylated DNA is copied in the cytoplasm, and unmethylated DNA in the nucleus.

Question 33

A researcher found a method she could use to manipulate and quantify phosphorylation and methylation in embryonic cells in culture. One of her colleagues suggested she try increased methylation of C nucleotides in a mammalian system. Which of the following results would she most likely see?

A)increased chromatin condensation
B)decreased chromatin concentration
C)abnormalities of mouse embryos
D)decreased binding of transcription factors
E)inactivation of the selected genes

Question 34

In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, gene expression is primarily regulated at the level of

A)transcription.
B)translation.
C)mRNA stability.
D)mRNA splicing.
E)protein stability.

Question 35

This can inhibit transcription by blocking the binding of positively acting transcription factors to the DNA:

A)enhancer
B)promoter
C)activator
D)repressor
E)terminator

Question 36

A researcher found a method she could use to manipulate and quantify phosphorylation and methylation in embryonic cells in culture. In one set of experiments using this procedure in Drosophila, she was readily successful in increasing phosphorylation of amino acids adjacent to methylated amino acids in histone tails. Which of the following results would she most likely see?

A)increased chromatin condensation
B)decreased chromatin concentration
C)abnormalities of mouse embryos
D)decreased binding of transcription factors
E)inactivation of the selected genes

Question 37

Eukaryotic cells can control gene expression by which of the following mechanisms?

A)histone acetylation of nucleosomes
B)DNA acetylation
C)RNA induced modification of chromatin structure
D)repression of operons
E)induction of operators in the promoter

Question 38

Transcription factors in eukaryotes usually have DNA binding domains as well as other domains also specific for binding. In general, which of the following would you expect many of them to be able to bind?

A)repressors
B)ATP
C)protein-based hormones
D)other transcription factors
E)tRNA

Question 39

Steroid hormones produce their effects in cells by

A)activating key enzymes in metabolic pathways.
B)activating translation of certain mRNAs.
C)promoting the degradation of specific mRNAs.
D)binding to intracellular receptors and promoting transcription of specific genes.
E)promoting the formation of looped domains in certain regions of DNA.

Question 40

In eukaryotes, general transcription factors

A)are required for the expression of specific protein-encoding genes.
B)bind to other proteins or to a sequence element within the promoter called the TATA box.
C)inhibit RNA polymerase binding to the promoter and begin transcribing.
D)usually lead to a high level of transcription even without additional specific transcription factors.
E)bind to sequences just after the start site of transcription.

Question 41

Which of the following is most likely to have a small protein called ubiquitin attached to it?

A)a cyclin that usually acts in G1, now that the cell is in G2
B)a cell surface protein that requires transport from the ER
C)an mRNA that is leaving the nucleus to be translated
D)a regulatory protein that requires sugar residues to be attached
E)an mRNA produced by an egg cell that will be retained until after fertilization

Question 42

At the beginning of this century there was a general announcement regarding the sequencing of the human genome and the genomes of many other multicellular eukaryotes. There was surprise expressed by many that the number of protein-coding sequences is much smaller than they had expected. Which of the following accounts for most of the rest?

A)"junk" DNA that serves no possible purpose
B)rRNA and tRNA coding sequences
C)DNA that is translated directly without being transcribed
D)non-protein coding DNA that is transcribed into several kinds of small RNAs with biological function
E)non-protein coding DNA that is transcribed into several kinds of small RNAs without biological function

Question 43

The fact that plants can be cloned from somatic cells demonstrates that

A)differentiated cells retain all the genes of the zygote.
B)genes are lost during differentiation.
C)the differentiated state is normally very unstable.
D)differentiated cells contain masked mRNA.
E)differentiation does not occur in plants.

Question 44

Which of the following best describes siRNA?

A)a short double-stranded RNA, one of whose strands can complement and inactivate a sequence of mRNA
B)a single-stranded RNA that can, where it has internal complementary base pairs, fold into cloverleaf patterns
C)a double-stranded RNA that is formed by cleavage of hairpin loops in a larger precursor
D)a portion of rRNA that allows it to bind to several ribosomal proteins in forming large or small subunits
E)a molecule, known as Dicer, that can degrade other mRNA sequences

Question 45

Differentiation of cells is not easily reversible because it involves

A)changes in the nucleotide sequence of genes within the genome.
B)changes in chromatin structure that make certain regions of the genome more accessible.
C)chemical modifications of histones and DNA methylation.
D)frameshift mutations and inversions.
E)excision of some coding sequences.

Question 46

The researcher in question measures the amount of new polypeptide production in embryos from 2-8 hours following fertilization and the results show a steady and significant rise in polypeptide concentration over that time. The researcher concludes that

A)his measurement skills must be faulty.
B)the results are due to building new cell membranes to compartmentalize dividing nuclei.
C)the resulting new polypeptides are due to translation of maternal mRNAs.
D)the new polypeptides were inactive and not measurable until fertilization.
E)polypeptides were attached to egg membranes until this time.

Question 47

The phenomenon in which RNA molecules in a cell are destroyed if they have a sequence complementary to an introduced double-stranded RNA is called

A)RNA interference.
B)RNA obstruction.
C)RNA blocking.
D)RNA targeting.
E)RNA disposal.

Question 48

In humans, the embryonic and fetal forms of hemoglobin have a higher affinity for oxygen than that of adults. This is due to

A)nonidentical genes that produce different versions of globins during development.
B)identical genes that generate many copies of the ribosomes needed for fetal globin production.
C)pseudogenes, which interfere with gene expression in adults.
D)the attachment of methyl groups to cytosine following birth, which changes the type of hemoglobin produced.
E)histone proteins changing shape during embryonic development.

Question 49

A cell that remains entirely flexible in its developmental possibilities is said to be

A)differentiated.
B)determined.
C)totipotent.
D)genomically equivalent.
E)epigenetic.

Question 50

You are given an experimental problem involving control of a gene's expression in the embryo of a particular species. One of your first questions is whether the gene's expression is controlled at the level of transcription or translation. Which of the following might best give you an answer?

A)You explore whether there has been alternative splicing by examining amino acid sequences of very similar proteins.
B)You measure the quantity of the appropriate pre-mRNA in various cell types and find they are all the same.
C)You assess the position and sequence of the promoter and enhancer for this gene.
D)An analysis of amino acid production by the cell shows you that there is an increase at this stage of embryonic life.
E)You use an antibiotic known to prevent translation.

Question 51

Since Watson and Crick described DNA in 1953, which of the following might best explain why the function of small RNAs is still being explained?

A)As RNAs have evolved since that time, they have taken on new functions.
B)Watson and Crick described DNA but did not predict any function for RNA.
C)The functions of small RNAs could not be approached until the entire human genome was sequenced.
D)Ethical considerations prevented scientists from exploring this material until recently.
E)Changes in technology as well as our ability to determine how much of the DNA is expressed have now made this possible.

Question 52

Gene expression might be altered at the level of post-transcriptional processing in eukaryotes rather than prokaryotes because of which of the following?

A)Eukaryotic mRNAs get 5' caps and 3' tails.
B)Prokaryotic genes are expressed as mRNA, which is more stable in the cell.
C)Eukaryotic exons may be spliced in alternative patterns.
D)Prokaryotes use ribosomes of different structure and size.
E)Eukaryotic coded polypeptides often require cleaving of signal sequences before localization.

Question 53

One of the hopes for use of recent knowledge gained about non-coding RNAs lies with the possibilities for their use in medicine. Of the following scenarios for future research, which would you expect to gain most from RNAs?

A)exploring a way to turn on the expression of pseudogenes
B)targeting siRNAs to disable the expression of an allele associated with autosomal recessive disease
C)targeting siRNAs to disable the expression of an allele associated with autosomal dominant disease
D)creating knock-out organisms that can be useful for pharmaceutical drug design
E)looking for a way to prevent viral DNA from causing infection in humans

Question 54

The researcher measures the concentration of the polypeptides from different regions in the early embryo and finds the following pattern (darker shading = greater concentration):
Which of the following would be his most logical assumption?

A)The substance has moved quickly from region 5 to region 1.
B)Some other material in the embryo is causing accumulation in region 1 due to differential binding.
C)The cytosol is in constant movement, dispersing the polypeptide.
D)The substance is produced in region 1 and diffuses toward region 5.
E)The substance must have entered the embryo from the environment near region 1.

Question 55

In animals, embryonic stem cells differ from adult stem cells in that

A)embryonic stem cells are totipotent, and adult stem cells are pluripotent.
B)embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, and adult stem cells are totipotent.
C)embryonic stem cells have more genes than adult stem cells.
D)embryonic stem cells have fewer genes than adult stem cells.
E)embryonic stem cells are localized to specific sites within the embryo, whereas adult stem cells are spread throughout the body.

Question 56

Which of the following describes the function of an enzyme known as Dicer?

A)It degrades single-stranded DNA.
B)It degrades single-stranded mRNA.
C)It degrades mRNA with no poly(A)tail.
D)It trims small double-stranded RNAs into molecules that can block translation.
E)It chops up single-stranded DNAs from infecting viruses.

Question 57

In a series of experiments, the enzyme Dicer has been inactivated in cells from various vertebrates, and the centromere is abnormally formed from chromatin. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

A)The usual mRNAs transcribed from centromeric DNA will be missing from the cells.
B)Tetrads will no longer be able to form during meiosis I.
C)Centromeres will be euchromatic rather than heterochromatic and the cells will soon die in culture.
D)The cells will no longer be able to resist bacterial contamination.
E)The DNA of the centromeres will no longer be able to replicate.

Question 58

Which of the following experimental procedures is most likely to hasten mRNA degradation in a eukaryotic cell?

A)enzymatic shortening of the poly(A)tail
B)removal of the 5' cap
C)methylation of C nucleotides
D)memethylation of histones
E)removal of one or more exons

Question 59

The researcher continues to study the reactions of the embryo to these new proteins and you hypothesize that he is most likely to see which of the following (while embryonic genes are still not being expressed)?

A)The cells begin to differentiate.
B)The proteins are evenly distributed throughout the embryo.
C)Larval features begin to make their appearance.
D)Spatial axes (anterior → posterior, etc.)begin to be determined.
E)The embryo begins to lose cells due to apoptosis from no further gene expression.

Question 60

The process of cellular differentiation is a direct result of

A)differential gene expression.
B)morphogenesis.
C)cell division.
D)apoptosis.
E)differences in cellular genomes.

Question 61

In most cases, differentiation is controlled at which level?

A)replication of the DNA
B)nucleosome formation
C)transcription
D)translation
E)post-translational activation of the proteins

Question 62

Mutations in these genes lead to transformations in the identity of entire body parts:

A)homeotic genes
B)segmentation genes
C)egg-polarity genes
D)morphogens
E)inducers

Question 63

The bicoid gene product is normally localized to the anterior end of the embryo. If large amounts of the product were injected into the posterior end as well, which of the following would occur?

A)The embryo would grow to an unusually large size.
B)The embryo would grow extra wings and legs.
C)The embryo would probably show no anterior development and die.
D)Anterior structures would form in both sides of the embryo.
E)The embryo would develop normally.

Question 64

What is considered to be the first evidence of differentiation in the cells of an embryo?

A)cell division
B)the occurrence of mRNAs for the production of tissue-specific proteins
C)determination
D)changes in the size and shape of the cell
E)changes resulting from induction

Question 65

The product of the bicoid gene in Drosophila provides essential information about

A)the anterior-posterior axis.
B)the dorsal-ventral axis.
C)the left-right axis.
D)segmentation.
E)lethal genes.

Question 66

These genes are expressed by the mother, and their products are deposited into the developing egg:

A)homeotic genes
B)segmentation genes
C)egg-polarity genes
D)morphogens
E)inducers

Question 67

Which of the following statements describes proto-oncogenes?

A)They can code for proteins associated with cell growth.
B)They are introduced to a cell initially by retroviruses.
C)They are produced by somatic mutations induced by carcinogenic substances.
D)Their normal function is to suppress tumor growth
E)They are underexpressed in cancer cells

Question 68

Gap genes and pair-rule genes fall into this category:

A)
B)segmentation genes
C)egg-polarity genes
D)morphogens
E)inducers

Question 69

Your brother has just purchased a new plastic model airplane. He places all the parts on the table in approximately the positions in which they will be located when the model is complete. His actions are analogous to which process in development?

A)morphogenesis
B)determination
C)induction
D)differentiation
E)pattern formation

Question 70

Which of the following serve as sources of developmental information?

A)cytoplasmic determinants such as mRNAs and proteins produced before fertilization
B)signal molecules produced by the maturing zygote
C)ubiquitous enzymes such as DNA polymerase and DNA ligase
D)paternally deposited proteins
E)specific operons within the zygote genome

Question 71

These genes map out the basic subdivisions along the anterior-posterior axis of the Drosophila embryo:

A)homeotic genes
B)segmentation genes
C)egg-polarity genes
D)morphogens
E)inducers

Question 72

What do gap genes, pair-rule genes, segment polarity genes, and homeotic genes all have in common?

A)Their products act as transcription factors.
B)They have no counterparts in animals other than Drosophila.
C)Their products are all synthesized prior to fertilization.
D)They act independently of other positional information.
E)They apparently can be activated and inactivated at any time of the fly's life.

Question 73

If a Drosophila female has a homozygous mutation for a maternal effect gene,

A)she will not develop past the early embryonic stage.
B)all of her offspring will show the mutant phenotype, regardless of their genotype.
C)only her male offspring will show the mutant phenotype.
D)her offspring will show the mutant phenotype only if they are also homozygous for the mutation.
E)only her female offspring will show the mutant phenotype.

Question 74

The gene for which protein would most likely be expressed as a result of MyoD activity?

A)myosin
B)crystallin
C)albumin
D)hemoglobin
E)DNA polymerase

Question 75

The product of the bicoid gene in Drosophila could be considered a(n)

A)tissue-specific protein.
B)cytoplasmic determinant.
C)maternal effect.
D)inductive signal.
E)fertilization product.

Question 76

The MyoD protein

A)can promote muscle development in all cell types.
B)is a transcription factor that binds to and activates the transcription of muscle-related genes.
C)was used by researchers to convert differentiated muscle cells into liver cells.
D)magnifies the effects of other muscle proteins.
E)is a target for other proteins that bind to it.

Question 77

These genes form gradients and help establish the axes and other features of an embryo:

A)homeotic genes
B)segmentation genes
C)egg-polarity genes
D)morphogens
E)inducers

Question 78

The general process that leads to the differentiation of cells is called

A)determination.
B)specialization.
C)identification.
D)differentialization.
E)cellularization.

Question 79

Which of the following is established prior to fertilization in Drosophila eggs?

A)the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes
B)the position of the future segments
C)the position of the future wings, legs, and antennae
D)A and B only
E)A, B, and C

Question 80

Which of the following statements is True about stem cells?

A)Stem cells can continually reproduce and are not subject to mitotic control.
B)Stem cells can differentiate into specialized cells.
C)Stem cells are found only in bone marrow.
D)Stem cells are found only in the adult human brain.
E)Stem cell DNA lacks introns.