Deck 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Question 1

Which of the following are True of most angiosperms?

A)a triploid endosperm within the seed
B)an ovary that becomes a fruit
C)a small (reduced)sporophyte
D)A and B only
E)A, B, and C

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The male wasp Campsoscolia ciliata transfers pollen from one orchid to another orchid of the same species. What "reward" does the male wasp receive from the orchid plants for helping with the orchid pollination?

A)a supply of energy-rich nectar
B)volatile chemical hormones that help the male wasp find a sexually receptive female
C)There is no reward. The male wasp is deceived by the flower shape and odor
D)successful copulation with the flower
E)a store of nectar that the wasp can use in time of famine

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In some angiosperms, other floral parts contribute to what is commonly called the fruit. Which of the following fruits is derived mostly from an enlarged receptacle?

A)pea
B)raspberry
C)apple
D)pineapple
E)peach

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Meiosis occurs within all of the following flower parts except the

A)ovule.
B)style.
C)megasporangium.
D)anther.
E)ovary.

Question 5

A perfect flower is fertile, but may be either complete or incomplete. Which of the following correctly describes a perfect flower?

A)It has no sepals.
B)It has fused carpels.
C)It is on a dioecious plant.
D)It has no endosperm.
E)It has both stamens and carpels.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence during the alternation of generations life cycle in a flowering plant?

A)sporophyte-meiosis-gametophyte-gametes-fertilization-diploid zygote
B)sporophyte-mitosis-gametophyte-meiosis-sporophyte
C)haploid gametophyte-gametes-meiosis-fertilization-diploid sporophyte
D)sporophyte-spores-meiosis-gametophyte-gametes
E)haploid sporophyte-spores-fertilization-diploid gametophyte

Question 7

Location of the ovary:

A)stamen
B)carpel
C)petals
D)sepals
E)receptacle

Question 8

All of the following floral parts are directly involved in pollination or fertilization except the

A)stamen.
B)carpel.
C)petals.
D)sepals.
E)receptacle.

Question 9

All of the following are primary functions of flowers except

A)pollen production.
B)photosynthesis.
C)meiosis.
D)egg production.
E)sexual reproduction.

Question 10

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)The ploidy of the angiosperm seed endosperm
(B)The ploidy of the angiosperm seed embryo

A)Item (A)is greater than item (B).
B)Item (A)is less than item (B).
C)Item (A)is exactly or very approximately equal to item (B).
D)Item (A)may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (B).

Question 11

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)The number of cells within the embryo sac
(B)The number of nuclei within the embryo sac

A)Item (A)is greater than item (B).
B)Item (A)is less than item (B).
C)Item (A)is exactly or very approximately equal to item (B).
D)Item (A)may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (B).

Question 12

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)The GABA levels in pop2 mutant Arabidopsis flowers
(B)The GABA levels in wild-type Arabidopsis flowers

A)Item (A)is greater than item (B).
B)Item (A)is less than item (B).
C)Item (A)is exactly or very approximately equal to item (B).
D)Item (A)may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (B).

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower?

A)petals-sepals-stamens-carpels
B)sepals-stamens-petals-carpels
C)spores-gametes-zygote-embryo
D)sepals-petals-stamens-carpels
E)male gametophyte-female gametophyte-sepals-petals

Question 14

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)The amount of fumonisin in processed maize products
(B)The amount of fumonisin in processed Bt maize products

A)Item (A)is greater than item (B).
B)Item (A)is less than item (B).
C)Item (A)is exactly or very approximately equal to item (B).
D)Item (A)may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (B).

Question 15

Based on studies of plant evolution, which flower part is not a modified leaf?

A)stamen
B)carpel
C)petals
D)sepals
E)receptacle

Question 16

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)The percentage of dandelion plants that produce seeds by apomixis.
(B)The percentage of creosote bushes that produce seeds by apomixis

A)Item (A)is greater than item (B).
B)Item (A)is less than item (B).
C)Item (A)is exactly or very approximately equal to item (B).
D)Item (A)may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (B).

Question 17

Carpellate flowers

A)are perfect.
B)are complete.
C)produce pollen.
D)are found only on dioecious plants.
E)develop into fruits.

Question 18

At the conclusion of meiosis in plants the end products are always four haploid

A)spores.
B)eggs.
C)sperm.
D)seeds.
E)gametes.

Question 19

Location of the microsporangia:

A)stamen
B)carpel
C)petals
D)sepals
E)receptacle

Question 20

Which of the following is True in plants?

A)Mitosis occurs in gametophytes to produce gametes.
B)Meiosis occurs in sporophytes to produce spores.
C)The gametophyte is within the flower in angiosperms.
D)A and B only
E)A, B, and C

Question 21

Which of these is incorrectly paired with its life-cycle generation?

A)anther-gametophyte
B)pollen-gametophyte
C)embryo sac-gametophyte
D)stamen-sporophyte
E)embryo-sporophyte

Question 22

Which of the following occurs in an angiosperm ovule?

A)An antheridium forms from the megasporophyte.
B)A megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis.
C)The egg nucleus is usually diploid.
D)A pollen tube emerges to accept pollen after pollination.
E)The endosperm surrounds the megaspore mother cell.

Question 23

Where does meiosis occur in flowering plants?

A)megasporocyte
B)microsporocyte
C)endosperm
D)pollen tube
E)megasporocyte and microsporocyte

Question 24

Which of the following statements regarding flowering plants is False?

A)The sporophyte is the dominant generation.
B)Female gametophytes develop from megaspores within the anthers.
C)Pollination is the placing of pollen on the stigma of a carpel.
D)The food-storing endosperm is derived from the cell that contains two polar nuclei and one sperm nucleus.
E)Flowers produce fruits within the ovules.

Question 25

In which of the following pairs are the two terms equivalent?

A)ovule egg
B)embryo sac female gametophyte
C)endosperm male gametophyte
D)seed zygote
E)microspore pollen grain

Question 26

Which of the following types of plants is not able to self-pollinate?

A)dioecious
B)monoecious
C)complete
D)wind-pollinated
E)insect-pollinated

Question 27

The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm.

Figure 38.1
Which cell(s), after fertilization, give(s)rise to the embryo plant?

Question 28

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in a pollen sac?

A)sporangia meiosis two haploid cells meiosis two pollen grains per cell
B)pollen grain meiosis two generative cells two tube cells per pollen grain
C)two haploid cells meiosis generative cell-tube cell fertilization pollen grain
D)pollen grain mitosis microspores meiosis generative cell plus tube cell
E)microsporocyte meiosis microspores mitosis two haploid cells per pollen grain

Question 29

Recent research has shown that pollination requires that carpels recognize pollen grains as "self or nonself." For self-incompatibility, the system requires

A)rejection of nonself cells.
B)the rejection of self cells.
C)carpel incompatibility with the egg cells.
D)that the flowers be incomplete.
E)the union of genetically identical sperm and egg cells.

Question 30

In flowering plants, pollen is released from the

A)anther.
B)stigma.
C)carpel.
D)filament.
E)pollen tube.

Question 31

Which of the following would be considered to be a multiple fruit?

A)apple
B)strawberry
C)raspberry
D)pineapple
E)corn on the cob

Question 32

In the life cycle of an angiosperm, which of the following stages is diploid?

A)megaspore
B)generative nucleus of a pollen grain
C)polar nuclei of the embryo sac
D)microsporocyte
E)both megaspore and polar nuclei

Question 33

In flowering plants, a mature male gametophyte contains

A)two haploid gametes and a diploid pollen grain.
B)a generative cell and a tube cell.
C)two sperm nuclei and one tube cell nucleus.
D)two haploid microspores.
E)a haploid nucleus and a diploid pollen wall.

Question 34

Which of the following is a correct sequence of processes that takes place when a flowering plant reproduces?

A)meiosis-fertilization-ovulation-germination
B)fertilization-meiosis-nuclear fusion-formation of embryo and endosperm
C)meiosis-pollination-nuclear fusion-formation of embryo and endosperm
D)growth of pollen tube-pollination-germination-fertilization
E)meiosis-mitosis-nuclear fusion-pollen

Question 35

Where and by which process are sperm cells formed in plants?

A)meiosis in pollen grains
B)meiosis in anthers
C)mitosis in male gametophyte pollen tube.
D)mitosis in the micropyle
E)mitosis in the embryo sac

Question 36

The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm.

Figure 38.1
Which cell(s)guide(s)the pollen tube to the egg cell?

Question 37

Which of the following is the male gametophyte of a flowering plant?

A)ovule
B)microsporocyte
C)pollen grain
D)embryo sac
E)stamen

Question 38

Three mitotic divisions within the female gametophyte of the megaspore produce

A)three antipodal cells, two polar nuclei, one egg, and two synergids.
B)the triple fusion nucleus.
C)three pollen grains.
D)two antipodal cells, two polar nuclei, two eggs, and two synergids.
E)a tube nucleus, a generative cell, and a sperm cell.

Question 39

What is the difference between pollination and fertilization in flowering plants?

A)Fertilization precedes pollination.
B)Pollination easily occurs between plants of different species, fertilization is within a species.
C)Pollen is formed within megasporangia so that male and female gametes are near each other.
D)Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma. Fertilization is the fusion of haploid nuclei
E)If fertilization occurs, pollination is unnecessary.

Question 40

The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm.

Figure 38.1
Which cell(s)become(s)the triploid endosperm?

Question 41

Which of the following statements is correct about the basal cell in a zygote?

A)It develops into the root of the embryo.
B)It forms the suspensor that anchors the embryo.
C)It results directly from the fertilization of the polar nuclei by a sperm nucleus.
D)It divides and initiates the two cotyledons.
E)It forms the proembryo.

Question 42

The embryo of a grass seed is enclosed by two protective sheaths, a(n)__________, which covers the young shoot, and a(n)__________, which covers the young root.

A)cotyledon; radicle
B)hypocotyls; epicotyl
C)coleoptile; coleorhiza
D)scutellum; coleoptile
E)epicotyl; radicle

Question 43

What is typically the result of double fertilization in angiosperms?

A)The endosperm develops into a diploid nutrient tissue.
B)A triploid zygote is formed.
C)Both a diploid embryo and triploid endosperm are formed.
D)Two embryos develop in every seed.
E)The fertilized antipodal cells develop into the seed coat.

Question 44

What is the function of the integument of an ovule?

A)protect against animal predation
B)ensure double fertilization
C)form a seed coat
D)direct development of the endosperm
E)produce hormones that ensure successful pollination

Question 45

Garden beans and many other eudicots have a hypocotyls hook during germination. Which of the following is a False statement concerning the hypocotyls and or the hypocotyl hook?

A)It is the first structure to emerge from a eudicot seed.
B)It pulls the cotyledons up through the soil.
C)It straightens when exposed to light.
D)It becomes very long in an etiolated seedling.
E)It is the region just below the cotyledons.

Question 46

Fruits develop from

A)microsporangia.
B)receptacles.
C)fertilized eggs.
D)ovaries.
E)ovules.

Question 47

As flowers develop, which transition does not occur?

A)The microspores become pollen grains.
B)The ovary becomes a fruit.
C)The petals are discarded.
D)The tube nucleus becomes a sperm nucleus.
E)The ovules become seeds.

Question 48

Genetic incompatibility does not affect the

A)attraction of a suitable insect pollinator.
B)germination of the pollen on the stigma.
C)growth of the pollen tube in the style.
D)membrane permeability of cells.
E)different individuals of the same species.

Question 49

Which of the following events suggests there is a change in the egg cell membrane after penetration by a sperm?

A)The pollen tube grows away from the egg toward the polar nuclei.
B)CA2+ builds up in the cytoplasm of the egg.
C)The egg cell plasmolyzes.
D)Double fertilization occurs.
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 50

In angiosperm seed development what does the terminal cell become?

A)suspensor
B)proembryo
C)cotyledons
D)endosperm
E)apical meristem

Question 51

Which of the following statements about fruits is False?

A)Fruits form from microsporangia and integuments.
B)All normal fruits have seeds inside them.
C)Green beans, corn, tomatoes, and wheat are all fruits.
D)Fruits aid in the dispersal of seeds.
E)During fruit development, the wall of the ovary becomes the pericarp.

Question 52

Which of the following "vegetables" is botanically a fruit?

A)potato
B)lettuce
C)radish
D)celery
E)green beans

Question 53

Biofuels are mainly produced by

A)the breakdown of cell wall biopolymers into sugars that can be fermented.
B)plants that convert hemicellulose into gasoline.
C)the genetic engineering of ethanol generating genes into plants.
D)transgenic crops that have cell walls containing ethylene.
E)plants that are easy to grow in arid environments.

Question 54

Which of the following is not an advantage of an extended gametophyte generation in plants?

A)Male gametophytes can travel more easily within spore walls.
B)The protection of female gametophytes within ovules keeps them from drying out.
C)The lack of need for swimming sperm makes life on land easier.
D)Female gametophytes develop egg cells, which are fertilized within an ovule that will become a seed.
E)Endosperm forms a protective seed coat.

Question 55

What effects would occur in a mutant of Arabidopsis that cannot synthesize GABA within its flowers?

A)Pollen tube growth would not be directed toward the egg, and fertilization would not occur.
B)The seeds from the flowers would be unable to break dormancy.
C)The pollen grain would not form a pollen tube due to incompatibility with the pollen tube.
D)The length of the style would be increased to the point where the growing pollen tube would be unable to reach the synergids.

Question 56

Which of the following statements regarding the endosperm is False?

A)Its nutrients may be absorbed by the cotyledons in the seeds of eudicots.
B)It develops from a triploid cell.
C)Its nutrients are digested by enzymes in monocot seeds following hydration.
D)It develops from the fertilized egg.
E)It is rich in nutrients, which it provides to the embryo.

Question 57

A fruit includes

A)one or more seeds.
B)the ovary wall.
C)fleshy cells rich in sugars.
D)brightly colored pigments to attract animal dispersers.
E)both A and B

Question 58

What is the first step in the germination of a seed?

A)pollination
B)fertilization
C)imbibition of water
D)hydrolysis of starch and other food reserves
E)emergence of the radicle

Question 59

You are studying a plant from the Amazon that shows strong self-incompatibility. To characterize this reproductive mechanism, you would look for

A)ribonuclease (RNAase)activity in stigma cells.
B)RNA in the plants.
C)pollen grains with very thick walls.
D)carpels that cannot produce eggs by meiosis.
E)systems of wind, but not insect, pollination.

Question 60

What is the first organ to emerge from a germinating eudicot seed?

A)plumule
B)hypocotyl
C)epicotyl
D)radicle
E)shoot

Question 61

Regardless of where in the world a vineyard is located, in order for the winery to produce a Burgundy, it must use varietal grapes that originated in Burgundy, France. The most effective way for a new California grower to plant a vineyard to produce Burgundy is to

A)plant seeds obtained from French varietal Burgundy grapes.
B)transplant varietal Burgundy plants from France.
C)root cuttings of varietal Burgundy grapes from France.
D)cross French Burgundy grapes with native American grapes.
E)graft varietal Burgundy grape scions onto native (Californian)root stocks.

Question 62

Which of the following statements is True of protoplast fusion?

A)It occurs when the second sperm nucleus fuses with the polar nuclei in the embryo sac.
B)It can be used to form new plant varieties by combining genomes from two plants.
C)It is used to develop gene banks to preserve genetic variability.
D)It is the method of test-tube cloning that produces whole plants from explants.
E)It occurs within a callus that is developing in tissue culture.

Question 63

A seed develops from

A)an ovum.
B)a pollen grain.
C)an ovule.
D)an ovary.
E)an embryo.

Question 64

A fruit is a(an)

A)mature ovary.
B)mature ovule.
C)seed plus its integuments.
D)fused carpel.
E)enlarged embryo sac.

Question 65

Double fertilization means that

A)flowers must be pollinated twice in order to produce fruits and seeds.
B)every egg must receive two sperm to produce an embryo.
C)one sperm is needed to fertilize the egg, and a second sperm is needed to fertilize the polar nuclei.
D)the egg of the embryo sac is diploid.
E)every sperm has two nuclei.

Question 66

The most immediate potential benefits of introducing genetically modified crops include

A)increasing the amount of land suitable for agriculture.
B)overcoming genetic incompatibility.
C)increasing the frequency of self-pollination.
D)increasing crop yield.
E)decreasing the mutation rate of certain genes.

Question 67

A plant that has small, green petals is most likely to be

A)bee-pollinated.
B)bird-pollinated.
C)bat-pollinated.
D)wind-pollinated.
E)moth-pollinated.

Question 68

A disadvantage of monoculture is that

A)the whole crop ripens at one time.
B)genetic uniformity makes a crop vulnerable to a new pest or disease.
C)it predominantly uses vegetative propagation.
D)most grain crops self-pollinate.
E)it allows for the cultivation of large areas of land.

Question 69

Which of the following is not a scientific concern relating to creating genetically modified crops?

A)Herbicide resistance may spread to weedy species.
B)Insect pests may evolve resistance to toxins more rapidly.
C)Nontarget species may be affected.
D)The monetary costs of growing genetically modified plants are significantly greater than traditional breeding techniques.
E)Genetically modified plants may lead to unknown risks to human health.

Question 70

Which of the following is a True statement about clonal reproduction in plants?

A)Clones of plants do not occur naturally.
B)Cloning, although achieved in animals, has not been demonstrated in plants.
C)Making cuttings of ornamental plants is a form of fragmentation.
D)Reproduction of plants by cloning may be either sexual or asexual.
E)Viable seeds can result from sexual reproduction only.

Question 71

All of the following strategies are being pursued with the goal of preventing transgene escape from genetically modified crops except

A)the engineering of male sterility into plants.
B)the genetic engineering of apomixis into transgenic crops.
C)the genetic engineering of trangenes into the chloroplast DNA .
D)the genetic engineering of flowers that develop normally, but fail to open.
E)hybridize transgenic crop genes with related wild weeds.

Question 72

Which of the following statements is correct about protoplast fusion?

A)It is used to develop gene banks to maintain genetic variability.
B)It is the method of test-tube cloning thousands of copies.
C)It can be used to form new plant species.
D)It occurs within a callus.
E)It requires that the cell wall remain intact during the fusion process.

Question 73

Currently available transgenic plants have been modified for all of the following traits except

A)insect resistance.
B)nitrogen fixation.
C)herbicide resistance.
D)improved nutritional quality.
E)virus resistance.

Question 74

All of the following could be considered advantages of asexual reproduction in plants except

A)success in a stable environment.
B)increased agricultural productivity.
C)cloning an exceptional plant.
D)production of artificial seeds.
E)adaptation to change.

Question 75

Some dioecious species have the XY genotype for male and XX for female. After double fertilization, what would be the genotypes of the endosperm nuclei and embryos?

A)embryo X and endosperm XX or embryo Y and endosperm XY
B)embryo XX and endosperm XX or embryo XY and endosperm XY
C)embryo XX and endosperm XXX or embryo XY and endosperm XYY
D)embryo XX and endosperm XXX or embryo XY and endosperm XXY
E)embryo XY and endosperm XXX or embryo XX and endosperm XXY

Question 76

Under which conditions would asexual plants have the greatest advantage over sexual plants?

A)an environment that varies on a regular, predictable basis
B)an environment with irregular fluctuations of conditions
C)a relatively constant environment with infrequent disturbances
D)a fire-maintained ecosystem
E)an environment with many seed predators

Question 77

In plants, which of the following could be an advantage of sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction?

A)genetic variation
B)mitosis
C)stable populations
D)rapid population increase
E)greater longevity

Question 78

All of the following are commercial uses of transgenic crops except

A)inserting Bt toxin genes into cotton, maize, and potato.
B)developing plants that tolerate herbicides.
C)producing plants that resist attack by certain viruses.
D)developing plants that produce increasing quantities of Vitamin A.
E)producing plants that contain genes for making human insulin.

Question 79

Which of the following is True about vegetative reproduction?

A)It involves both meiosis and mitosis to produce haploid and diploid cells.
B)It produces vegetables.
C)It involves meiosis only.
D)It can lead to genetically altered forms of the species.
E)It produces clones.

Question 80

Which of the following statements about a seed produced by apomixis is incorrect?

A)The seed coat is made of diploid cells derived from the ovule of a flower.
B)The embryo consists of diploid cells derived from fertilization of a haploid egg by a haploid sperm.
C)Cotyledons are the primary food storage tissue of the embryo.
D)A diploid embryo is contained within the seed.
E)The embryo of the seed is a clone.