Deck 1: B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Question 1

Which perspective focuses on subjective,conscious experience,human problems,potentials, and ideals and emphasizes one's self-image and self-actualization?

A) behavioristic
B) humanistic
C) psychodynamic
D) cognitive

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In describing how a person arrives at a decision,a psychology professor explains to his class that "the mind is very much like a computer and that decision-making involves input,processing,storage,and output." This professor is emphasizing which view of behavior?

A) cognitive
B) behavioristic
C) humanistic
D) psychodynamic

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Regarding psychology and cultural diversity,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Currently, over 100 million Americans are African American, Hispanic, Asian American, Native American, or Pacific Islander.
B) In some large cities, "minority" groups are already the majority.
C) In the past, psychology was based mostly on the cultures of North America and Europe.
D) The interactionist view of human nature that emphasizes that behavior is related to
One's environment is referred to as the evolutionary perspective.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

A) psychodynamic----------------positive, philosophical view
B) behavioristic-------------------neutral, scientific, somewhat mechanistic view
C) humanistic---------------------somewhat negative, pessimistic view
D) cognitive-----------------------positive, philosophical view

Question 5

According to your textbook,which view of human behavior is NOT considered a part of the psychological perspective?

A) cognitive view
B) humanistic view
C) sociocultural view
D) behavioristic view

Question 6

Taylor believes his behavior is guided by his own self-image and that he has the power to control his own fate and reach his full potential.Taylor has adopted which psychological perspective?

A) behavioristic
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) humanistic

Question 7

Which type of psychology focuses on our potential for optimal functioning and addresses such topics as love,happiness,creativity,well-being,self-confidence,and achievement?

A) positive psychology
B) psychodynamic psychology
C) sociocultural psychology
D) cognitive psychology

Question 8

Which of the following perspectives in psychology takes an interactionist view of human nature and emphasizes that behavior is related to the environment within which a person is
Born,grows up,and lives from day to day?

A) evolutionary
B) behavioristic
C) humanistic
D) sociocultural

Question 9

Which contemporary view in psychology sees behavior in terms of the mental processing of information?

A) cognitive
B) humanistic
C) behavioristic
D) biopsychological

Question 10

The study of human strengths,virtues,and optimal behavior is called __________ psychology.

A) positive
B) psychodynamic
C) sociocultural
D) cognitive

Question 11

A psychologist whose viewpoint is psychodynamic

A) focuses on self-image and self-actualization to explain behavior.
B) believes behavior is directed by unconscious forces within one's personality.
C) emphasizes the study of observable behavior.
D) emphasizes subjective factors and personal growth.

Question 12

Which contemporary view in psychology sees behavior as being shaped and controlled by one's environment?

A) cognitive
B) humanistic
C) biopsychological
D) behavioristic

Question 13

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

A) humanistic------------------positive, philosophical view
B) psychodynamic------------neutral, scientific, somewhat mechanistic view
C) behavioristic---------------somewhat negative, pessimistic view
D) cognitive--------------------positive, philosophical view

Question 14

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

A) behavioristic----------------positive, philosophical view
B) humanistic------------------neutral, scientific, somewhat mechanistic view
C) psychodynamic------------somewhat negative, pessimistic view
D) cognitive--------------------positive, philosophical view

Question 15

Dr.Maxwell is conducting research to determine how a person's subjective well-being is affected by his or her goals,choices,values,emotions,and personality.Dr.Maxwell's research would fit under which psychological approach?

A) behaviorism
B) psychodynamic theory
C) positive psychology
D) Gestalt principles of perception

Question 16

Latoya's mother has established a reward system in which Latoya earns one gold star for each chore she completes each day.If she earns 25 stars by the end of the week,Latoya's mother will take her to play at the "fast food restaurant's" playground for two hours.Latoya's mother is using which psychological approach?

A) psychodynamic
B) cognitive
C) humanistic
D) behavioristic

Question 17

The idea that behavior must be judged relative to the values of the culture in which it occurs is called

A) relative deprivation.
B) normal behavior.
C) ethnocentric behavior.
D) cultural relativity.

Question 18

Which psychology has gained prominence in recent years as researchers have devised ways to objectively study covert behaviors,such as thinking,memory,language,problem-solving,
Consciousness,and creativity?

A) cognitive psychology
B) psychodynamic psychology
C) structuralism
D) humanistic psychology

Question 19

Which view within the psychological perspective sees behavior as the result of hidden,clashing forces within one's personality?

A) cognitive
B) humanistic
C) psychodynamic
D) biopsychological

Question 20

Sandra claims that Antoine's anxiety originates from unresolved sexual conflicts residing in his unconscious.Sandra's interpretation of Antoine's condition is consistent with the __________ perspective.

A) behavioristic
B) humanistic
C) psychodynamic
D) cognitive

Question 21

Eclectic psychologists are known for

A) treating only minor adjustment problems.
B) drawing on a variety of theoretical views.
C) working in many different mental health settings.
D) stressing the role of the unconscious.

Question 22

Presently,the American Psychological Association consists of at least how many different divisions,each reflecting special skills or areas of interest?

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50

Question 23

Which of the following usually has a master's degree or a doctorate and is highly trained in the methods,factual knowledge,and theories of psychology?

A) neurologist
B) psychologist
C) psychiatrist
D) pseudoscientist

Question 24

Santos is interested in how reasoning,memory and problem solving are related to computer game playing.Santos is most likely a __________ psychologist.

A) comparative
B) developmental
C) personality
D) cognitive

Question 25

Samantha is investigating the differences in the critical thinking and decision-making skills of people in different occupations.Samantha is most likely a

A) cognitive psychologist.
B) developmental psychologist.
C) psychologist studying sensation and perception.
D) learning theorist.

Question 26

You discuss your feelings of loneliness with a psychologist,who responds by having you consider how your own behaviors contribute and reinforce your loneliness,how your early childhood relationship with your parents influences current relationships,and how your distorted self-image may inhibit you from seeking new relationships.This psychologist is most likely

A) a humanist.
B) eclectic.
C) a behaviorist.
D) Freudian.

Question 27

Which area of specialization in psychology is primarily interested in how individuals remember, reason,and solve problems?

A) comparative
B) sensation and perception
C) developmental
D) cognitive

Question 28

Regarding specialties in psychology,clinical and counseling psychologists comprise about what proportion of all American psychologists?

A) 25%
B) 38%
C) 59%
D) 75%

Question 29

Rules that define acceptable and expected behavior for members of various groups are called

A) social norms.
B) cultural laws.
C) universal norms.
D) cultural relational behaviors.

Question 30

The "fight or flight" branch of the autonomic nervous system would be of most interest to a

A) personality theorist.
B) sensory psychologist.
C) biopsychologist.
D) forensic psychologist.

Question 31

Taking your clients' cultural beliefs and values into account when making diagnoses and before beginning therapy illustrates the importance of

A) social accommodation.
B) cultural relativity.
C) ethnocentrism.
D) cultural assimilation.

Question 32

Cultural differences,age,ethnicity,gender,religion,disability,and sexual orientation all affect the unspoken rules for acceptable and expected behavior called

A) social norms.
B) cultural laws.
C) universal norms.
D) cultural relational behaviors.

Question 33

When a psychologist draws and utilizes aspects from many different psychological theories and approaches,we say that the psychologist is

A) psychoanalytic-behavioral.
B) a functionalist.
C) a structuralist.
D) eclectic.

Question 34

Which of the following statements about social norms is FALSE?

A) Social norms are rules that define acceptable and expected behavior for members of various groups.
B) Cultural differences, ethnicity, and gender are factors that influence social norms.
C) Age, disability, and sexual orientation have not been shown to influence social norms.
D) Social norms are too often based on the behavior of white middle-class males, rather
Than being culturally sensitive.

Question 35

A psychologist who is "eclectic" can best be described as

A) rejecting determinism in favor of free will.
B) cognitive rather than behavioral.
C) drawing from many psychological approaches.
D) preferring pseudo-psychological approaches.

Question 36

Brain mechanisms involved in hunger and thirst would most likely be studied by a

A) personality theorist.
B) sensory psychologist.
C) learning theorist.
D) biopsychologist.

Question 37

When making diagnoses and conducting therapy,psychologists should

A) take into account their clients' personal differences regarding age, race, culture, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation.
B) use an unstated standard for judging what is normal for each individual.
C) ignore cultural differences and use one psychological perspective for viewing all clients.
D) use the behavior of the middle-class American male as a standard for assessing what is "average."

Question 38

Dr.Causey is interested in how the effects of dopamine levels impact schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease.Dr.Causey is most likely a

A) cognitive psychologist.
B) biopsychologist.
C) social psychologist.
D) forensic psychologist.

Question 39

What percent of all psychologists are employed full-time at colleges and universities,where they teach,do research,consult,or conduct therapy?

A) 10
B) 16
C) 29
D) 58

Question 40

Psychologists who specialize in the treatment of human emotional problems are called __________ psychologists.

A) psychiatric or neuro-
B) personality or developmental
C) clinical or counseling
D) comparative or experimental

Question 41

Which type of psychologists would be most likely to study the communication patterns of chimpanzees and porpoises?

A) biopsychologist
B) comparative psychologist
C) environmental psychologist
D) social psychologist

Question 42

"I seek to understand the principles whereby a person's ability to think,speak,perceive,and learn changes as they go through their life span." This statement identifies one as a _______ psychologist.

A) physiological
B) social
C) developmental
D) sensory and perceptual

Question 43

Luis is a paychologist who is interested in applying psychological principles to legal issues, such as researching the reliability of eyewitness testimony.Luis is most likely a __________
Psychologist.

A) forensic
B) cultural
C) comparative
D) social

Question 44

Janie is a psychologist,who works for a cable network that regularly televises court proceedings and provides commentary for the viewers.Janie is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

A) clinical
B) personality
C) forensic
D) comparative

Question 45

Jake is a psychologist,who is interested in how people's behavior is affected by the language they speak,the foods they eat,the laws they obey,and how their families disciplined when
They were children.Jake is most likely a __________ psychologist.

A) learning
B) cultural
C) community
D) cognitive

Question 46

Will conducts applied research on the design of machinery,computers,airplanes,and automobiles for business,industry,and the military.Will is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

A) engineering
B) comparative
C) consumer
D) sensation and perception

Question 47

Cambria is a psychologist who is conducting research regarding which marketing methods and which types of packaging were the most successful in selling her company's products to
College students.Cambria is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

A) community
B) environmental
C) consumer
D) comparative

Question 48

Montel studies the effects of urban noise,crowding,and the human use of space.Montel is most likely a(n)________ psychologist.

A) developmental
B) environmental
C) comparative
D) health

Question 49

Eastern societies emphasize the importance of cooperation over individuality.The reverse tends to be true in Western societies.These findings would be of primary interest to which group of psychologists?

A) cultural
B) community
C) forensic
D) comparative

Question 50

Dr.Ward investigates classroom dynamics,teaching styles,and learning.He also develops tests that will be used to evaluate learning.Dr.Ward is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

A) social
B) comparative
C) developmental
D) educational

Question 51

Comparative psychologists are primarily interested in

A) stimulus-response connections.
B) animal behavior.
C) the comparison of functional and behavioral psychology.
D) the comparison of different types of psychotherapy.

Question 52

Joaquin is a psychologist studying how exposure to different kinds of play (e.g.,with dolls versus blocks)affects the development of boys versus girls.Joaquin is most likely a(n)
_________ psychologist.

A) gender
B) comparative
C) personality
D) evolutionary

Question 53

The study of similarities and differences in the behavior of different species is called

A) biology.
B) comparative psychology.
C) environmental psychology.
D) differential psychology.

Question 54

Celia is a psychologist whose job involves promoting community-wide mental health through research,prevention,education,and consultation.Celia would be a __________ psychologist.

A) comparative
B) developmental
C) community
D) cultural

Question 55

The domestication of various species of animals would be of primary importance to which area of specialization in psychology?

A) comparative
B) developmental
C) environmental
D) forensic

Question 56

If you read an article comparing the value of breastfeeding versus formula feeding on the physical growth of infants,the psychologist who wrote this article is probably a __________ psychologist.

A) comparative
B) developmental
C) social
D) gender

Question 57

Jeremy is a psychologist working with a team of archeologists.By working with this team,he hopes to piece together the changes that have occurred in human parenting since the dawn of time.Jeremy is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

A) social
B) forensic
C) evolutionary
D) environmental

Question 58

Dr.Dauphine has been studying consistent trends in how males and females have selected their mates throughout the long history of humankind.Dr.Dauphine is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

A) evolutionary
B) developmental
C) personality
D) comparative

Question 59

Which type of psychologist would most likely study how the human species went from eating with their fingers to using utensils?

A) learning
B) evolutionary
C) social
D) comparative

Question 60

Which type of psychologist would most likely study the improvement of children's memory as they age from three to 12 years?

A) evolutionary
B) comparative
C) developmental
D) gender

Question 61

Dr.Sartus is interested in how conditioning is involved in the development of superstitious behavior.Dr.Sartus' area of specialization in psychology is

A) learning.
B) sensation and perception.
C) comparative psychology.
D) biopsychology.

Question 62

If you were interested in how the human mind is able to interpret depth and distance when looking at a painting on a flat canvas,you would be most interested in the psychological speciality area of

A) personality theory.
B) comparative psychology.
C) sensation and perception.
D) forensic psychology.

Question 63

Quinton is studying the temperamental differences in persons exhibiting Type A and Type B behaviors.Quinton is most likely a __________ psychologist.

A) comparative
B) learning
C) personality
D) social

Question 64

Those who label themselves as "basic researchers"

A) seek information for which immediate uses are planned.
B) probably are involved in directly counseling patients in a clinic.
C) are applying psychological skills in a job situation.
D) seek knowledge for its own sake.

Question 65

Dr.Galton helps people to take better charge of their own health through techniques,such as learning to do self-screenings for cancer and understanding the emotional impact of illness.Dr.Galton is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

A) educational
B) sensation and perception
C) medical or health
D) social

Question 66

Santarrio is conducting research to determine the colors,shapes,and sounds that newborns prefer.Santarrio's research would be considered __________ research.

A) applied
B) basic
C) archetypal
D) comparative

Question 67

Token economies within institutions that utilize tangible rewards for appropriate behaviors and a loss of privileges for inappropriate behaviors would be an important area of study for

A) comparative psychologists.
B) learning theorists.
C) biopsychologists.
D) psychologists investigating sensation and perception.

Question 68

Manuel is a psychologist employed by the human relations department of a car manufacturer.He helps select job applicants and also helps to improve workplace conditions and work relationships so that the company can operate effectively.Manuel is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

A) personality
B) forensic
C) educational
D) industrial-organizational

Question 69

Which speciality area in psychology would be most likely to study how people interact in group settings,including such areas as interpersonal attraction,friendships,and peer influences?

A) social
B) comparative
C) community
D) environmental

Question 70

After a football game,several well-respected citizens of this town participate in tearing down the goal posts.This uncharacteristic behavior that occurs in groups would be of primary interest to __________ psychologists.

A) comparative
B) developmental
C) social
D) community

Question 71

Basic research is best described as research done

A) to find solutions to specific problems.
B) to seek knowledge for its own sake.
C) to improve students' abilities in reading and math.
D) with lower animals to avoid ethical issues.

Question 72

Dr.Ables has constructed trait profiles of individuals who show success in school and on the job.Dr.Ables is most likely a __________ psychologist.

A) cognitive
B) learning
C) perception
D) personality

Question 73

A characteristic feature of research carried out by social psychologists is that it

A) is concerned with the effects of age and psychological growth.
B) includes topics such as arousal, EEG, biochemistry, and neurons.
C) includes topics such as attitudes, conformity, leadership, and prejudice.
D) is concerned with the design of machines to be used by people.

Question 74

If you are having a hard time housebreaking your young,healthy puppy to use the puppy pads,helpful information regarding how to reinforce your puppy would most likely come from a(n)

A) biopsychologist.
B) developmental psychologist.
C) sensation and perception theorist.
D) learning theorist.

Question 75

Which of the following involves basic research?

A) designing an easily read display screen for space capsules
B) determining the optimal rate for presenting information to a computer keyboard
C) measuring the average storage capacity of the human short-term memory system
D) measuring the average rate of dark adaptation to set night flying rules for pilots

Question 76

A psychologist working in which psychological speciality might explore how a person is able to recognize someone's voice over the telephone by interpreting pitch?

A) personality
B) comparative
C) learning
D) sensation and perception

Question 77

Ami is investigating how people come to know the world through their visual ability.She is also studying how people interpret this visual information in order to recognize faces.Ami is a
__________ psychologist.

A) comparative
B) developmental
C) sensation and perception
D) learning

Question 78

Benita is studying the different management styles of female CEOs versus male CEOs.Benita is most likely a(n)_________ psychologist.

A) comparative
B) gender
C) learning
D) developmental

Question 79

Dr.Berka is studying how biology,child rearing,education,and societal stereotypes influence the differing behaviors exhibited by females and males in the workplace.Dr.Berka is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

A) comparative
B) developmental
C) gender
D) evolutionary

Question 80

Connie's job as a psychologist involves the use of psychological testing for the vocational counseling of students as well as to detect and treat learning disabilities.Connie is most likely a __________ psychologist.

A) personality
B) comparative
C) school
D) clinical