Deck 3: B: Human Development

Question 1

Jordan seems very immature,unable to make his own decisions,and always seems to be getting into some kind of trouble.He was probably raised by __________ parents.

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) overly permissive
D) democratic

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Eleven-year-old Jason wants to go to the movies with his friends but his parents say that he can't.When he asks why,his parents respond that "As long as he's living under their roof,he will do what he's told and not ask any questions." This style of parenting will most likely lead Jason to be a(n)

A) dependent, immature child who misbehaves toward family members frequently.
B) competent, self-controlled, independent, assertive, inquiring child.
C) emotionally stiff, withdrawn, apprehensive child, lacking in curiosity.
D) aimless child that is likely to have major problems and get into trouble.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Resilient children who are also characterized by being independent,competent,self-controlled,assertive,and inquiring are often a consequence of which parental style?

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) permissive
D) submissive

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Jack is a competent,independent decision-maker who exerts self-control and acts responsibly.According to Baumind,Jack probably has __________ parents.

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) overly permissive
D) collaborative

Question 5

Irene is withdrawn,emotionally stiff,and lacking in curiosity.According to the research on parenting styles by Diana Baumrind,Irene is exhibiting the consequences of her parents' __________ parental style.

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) overly permissive
D) legalistic

Question 6

Fathers spend more time with their infants doing all of the following EXCEPT for

A) rough-and-tumble play.
B) lifting, tickling, and handling the children.
C) giving more visual attention.
D) playing more conventional games.

Question 7

Eleven-year-old Justin wants to go to the movies with his friends.His parents explain that they know he wants to go but that it is important that the whole family go to a supper honoring his grandfather tonight.This style of parenting in which parents give reasons for their decisions will most likely lead Justin to be a(n)

A) dependent, immature child who misbehaves frequently when his parents are not around.
B) competent, self-controlled, independent, resilient child.
C) emotionally stiff, withdrawn, apprehensive child, lacking in curiosity.
D) aimless, vindictive child who is likely to have major problems and get into trouble.

Question 8

In which parental style is there a healthy and effective balance between the rights of parents and their children?

A) authoritarian
B) permissive
C) authoritative
D) collaborative

Question 9

Which of the following BEST describes the role of the typical father in child rearing?

A) protector
B) caregiver
C) playmate
D) advocate

Question 10

When interacting with their children,mothers tend to do which of the following more than fathers?

A) pay more visual attention to their young children
B) are more tactile and physically arousing while playing with their young children
C) speak more often to their infants
D) engage in more unusual play with their babies

Question 11

Antoine prefers to reason with his children and discuss the limits he sets.His children tend to be very friendly,self-reliant,and socially responsible.According to the research on parental styles,Antoine is exhibiting __________ parenting.

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) overly permissive
D) neglectful

Question 12

In which parental style do parents control their children's behavior in a caring,responsive manner that is firm and consistent,not harsh or rigid,and utilizes reasoning and encouragement?

A) authoritarian
B) permissive
C) authoritative
D) collaborative

Question 13

As a parent,you want your daughter to grow up to be a mature,independent adult,who will act responsibly and make good decisions.To accomplish this,you should

A) combine love and encouragement with very little guidance or criticism.
B) expect complete respect and obedience from your daughter at all times.
C) allow her to make her own decisions without interference from you, the parent.
D) provide love, explain your decisions, and expect her to take responsibility for her actions.

Question 14

Sam is a young adult,who is good at "bouncing back" after bad experiences and has the strength,self-control,and positive coping skills to thrive even in difficult circumstances.Sam's parents were most likely ___________ parents.

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) overly permissive
D) collaborative

Question 15

Clarence exerts virtually no control over his son's activities and impulses.According to the research on parental styles,Clarence is exhibiting __________ parenting.

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) overly permissive
D) democratic

Question 16

Which parental style gives little guidance and does not enforce rules or hold children accountable for their actions?

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) overly permissive
D) self-centered

Question 17

Which parental style is characterized by the child having rights similar to an adult's but with few responsibilities?

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) democratic
D) overly permissive

Question 18

Dependent,immature children who frequently misbehave were most likely raised by __________ parents.

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) generative
D) overly permissive

Question 19

Regarding maternal and paternal influences,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Maternal influences generally have a greater impact on children than paternal influences.
B) Fathers speak to their infants more and play more conventional games than mothers do.
C) Fathers can be as affectionate, sensitive, and responsive as mothers are.
D) The parental styles of mothers and fathers have a major impact on children's gender role development.

Question 20

Eleven-year-old Jacob wants to go to the movies with his friends.His parents at first say "no," but after he begs and pleads with them,they give in to his demands.This style of parenting will most likely lead Jacob to be a(n)

A) dependent, immature child who misbehaves frequently.
B) competent, self-controlled, obedient child.
C) emotionally stiff, withdrawn, apprehensive child, lacking in curiosity.
D) child that will show assertive, independent, mature behavior at an early age.

Question 21

Babies begin to coo

A) from birth on.
B) around six to eight weeks of age.
C) around six months of age.
D) around nine months of age.

Question 22

Traditionally,in which ethnic comunity do families tend to be fairly strict with all age children and tend to emphasize loyalty and interdependence among family members; respect for elders; and the development of a positive identity,self-reliance,resourcefulness,and the ability to take care of oneself in difficult situations?

A) African-American
B) Hispanic
C) Asian-American
D) European-American

Question 23

Regarding language development,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Both nature and nurture provide a foundation for language learning.
B) Language is closely tied to maturation.
C) Parents can tell if an infant is hungry, angry, or in pain from the tone of the crying.
D) At four to five months of age, babies begin cooing.

Question 24

Traditionally,in which ethnic community are families affectionate and indulgent toward younger children but expect older children to learn social skills and to be calm,obedient,courteous,and respectful.In fact,social skills are often valued more than cognitive skills,with cooperation stressed more than competition?

A) African-American
B) Hispanic
C) Asian
D) European-American

Question 25

Traditionally,African-American families tend to exhibit all of the following EXCEPT for

A) valuing an interdependence of family members and respect for elders.
B) emphasizing self-reliance, persistence, and a positive identity.
C) emphasizing persistence in the face of adversity.
D) showing an overly permissive discipline style.

Question 26

When interacting with their children,fathers tend to do which of the following more than mothers?

A) pay more visual attention to their young children
B) spend more time caregiving
C) speak more often to their infants
D) play more conventional games, such as peek-a-boo

Question 27

Regarding the similarities and differences of the ethnic communities presented in the textbook,which of the following conclusions is FALSE?

A) African-American, Hispanic, Asian-American, and Arab-American families are all concerned with family pride and loyalty.
B) Hard work and educational achievement are particularly important to Asian-American and Arab-American families.
C) Child discipline tends to be strict among African-American, Hispanic, and Arab- American families.
D) Hispanic families and Asian-American families tend to stress individual effort and independence over interdependence and cooperation.

Question 28

Regarding early language development,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) By one month of age, infants are using crying to gain attention.
B) Babies begin cooing around six to eight weeks of age.
C) Cooing is the repetition of consonant and vowel sounds.
D) When it first appears, babbling involves the same sounds for infants around the world.

Question 29

The normal order of language development in infancy is

A) cooing, crying, babbling, telegraphic speech, and single-word.
B) crying, cooing, babbling, single-word, telegraphic speech.
C) cooing, babbling, crying, telegraphic speech.
D) telegraphic crying, cooing, babbling, elemental speech.

Question 30

In this culture,the father is a strong authority figure who demands obedience from the children at an early age so the family will not be shamed by the child's misbehavior.Punishment generally consists of spankings and teasing,while success,generosity,hospitality,thrift,conservatism,and educational achievement are highly valued.The ethnic commjunity described above is most likely

A) African-American.
B) Arab-American.
C) Hispanic.
D) Asian-American.

Question 31

Regarding the child-rearing practices of different cultures,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Child-rearing practices in different cultures reflect different customs and belief systems.
B) There is general agreement across cultures about which behaviors are considered "good" and "bad."
C) Many American child-rearing customs would be considered strange or inappropriate in other parts of the world.
D) Parenting can only be judged if we know what culture or ethnic community a child is preparing to enter.

Question 32

Which of the following statements concerning maternal and paternal influences is FALSE?

A) The different care giving styles of fathers and mothers have a major impact on children's gender role development.
B) Mothers pay more visual attention to their children and are more tactile in interacting with their children than fathers are.
C) Although fathers are spending more time with their children, mothers still do most of the nurturing and caretaking, especially of young children.
D) Young children who spend a lot of time playing with their fathers tend to be more competent in many ways than those who do not.

Question 33

You are interviewing a young man about his upbringing.He tells you that his parents were lenient and permissive regarding his behavior when he was very young,but that starting at age five,he was expected to be obedient,show respect,and be self-disciplined.He stated that his parents were more like "teachers," encouraging hard work,moral behavior,and high achievement.They also expected him to set aside his own desires when the greater good of the family was at stake.This young man is most likely from which ethnic community?.

A) Asian-American
B) African-American
C) Hispanic
D) Arab-American

Question 34

The cultures that value individual effort and independence are the __________ cultures.

A) Asian-American
B) African-American
C) European-American
D) Hispanic

Question 35

Hispanic families generally value

A) cognitive skills more than social skills.
B) competition over cooperation.
C) family pride.
D) all of these.

Question 36

Concerning ethnic differences,which culture tends to value individual effort and independence rather than interdependence and group loyalty?

A) African-American cultures
B) Hispanic cultures
C) Asian-American cultures
D) Western cultures

Question 37

Two-year-old Perry loves to involve his parents in his playtime.Perry's mother tends to engage Perry more in which type of activity than his father does?

A) conventional play, such as peek-a-boo
B) unusual play, such as imitating Perry
C) physical arousing play, such as rough-and-tumble play
D) tactile activities, such as tickling

Question 38

Two-year-old Jerry loves to involve his parents in his playtime.Jerry's father tends to engage Jerry more in which type of activity than his mother does?

A) conventional play
B) unusual play
C) verbal interactions
D) caregiving

Question 39

Tiana is four weeks old and will use which of the following to gain attention from her parents at this age?

A) cooing
B) babbling
C) crying
D) holophrases

Question 40

The cultures that tend to be more group-oriented and to emphasize interdependence among their members are the __________ cultures.

A) Asian-American
B) Western
C) European-American
D) individualist

Question 41

At 20 months,Katy says "pah-getty" (spaghetti)whenever she wants to eat and says "milk" when she wants something to drink.She also calls her mother "Mama" and her father "Dada" and her cat "Kitty." Katy is most likely in the which stage of language development?

A) cooing
B) babbling
C) telegraphic
D) single-word

Question 42

Your child has just begun saying "No!" and "Mine!" frequently and is exhibiting temper tantrums.Your child is

A) babbling.
B) mimicking you.
C) showing behavior typical of the terrible twos.
D) showing arrested language and psychosocial development.

Question 43

Grant is sitting in his high chair calling to his dog,"Here Dog." He then turns to his mother and says "Want juice." Grant is exhibiting

A) cooing.
B) telegraphic speech.
C) the single-word stage.
D) babbling.

Question 44

Alicia's mother asks Alicia to put her blocks away.Alicia responds,"No,me play." Observing this,we might guess that Alicia

A) is approximately a year old.
B) is experiencing the terrible twos.
C) has progressed to the threatening threes.
D) has not as yet mastered telegraphic speech.

Question 45

Connie is 20 months old and is able to point and name several objects,such as "ball," "doggie," and "cookie" and says "go" and "play." Connie is most likely in which stage of language development?

A) cooing
B) babbling
C) telegraphic
D) single-word

Question 46

Derrick is seven months old has begun to use the consonant sounds of b,d,m,and g in combination with vowel sounds,such as saying "ba-ba-ba." Derrick has entered the language stage known as

A) babbling.
B) cooing.
C) the single-word stage.
D) turn-taking.

Question 47

Keri is beginning to respond to real words,such as "no" and "hi,"addresses her parents as "Mama" and "Dada," and is making her first connections between words and objects.Kerri is most likely __________ months old.

A) 6
B) 9
C) 12
D) 18

Question 48

Consonants first enter a child's language when the child begins

A) babbling.
B) cooing.
C) the single-word stage.
D) the telegraphic stage.

Question 49

Your baby is about two months old and is repeating vowel sounds,such as saying "oo" over and over while you are holding her.She is

A) babbling.
B) telegraphing.
C) cooing.
D) delayed.

Question 50

At what age do children become increasingly capable of mischief and temper tantrums as well as showing their independence by refusing to obey their parents' demands even though they understand what their parents want them to do?

A) nine months of age
B) 12 months of age
C) two years of age
D) four years of age

Question 51

The repetition by infants of meaningless language sounds (including both vowel and consonant sounds)is called

A) babbling.
B) cooing.
C) telegraphic speech.
D) crying.

Question 52

Brett's speaking vocabulary includes more than 4,000 words and he is able to understand more than twice that many.He is most likely

A) about two.
B) about three.
C) in preschool.
D) in first grade.

Question 53

Jay is 26 months old,and his favorite word is "No." Although he knows what his parents want him to do (or not do),Jay seems to take delight in doing the opposite.Jay is exhibiting

A) the precursor to a conduct disorder.
B) attention deficit disorder.
C) the effect of the withdrawal of love technique.
D) normal independent behavior for a child of this age.

Question 54

Children normally begin to say their first word and make connections between words and objects at about __________ months.

A) 6
B) 12
C) 18
D) 24

Question 55

Peter is sitting on the floor playing when he waves to his daddy and says "Go bye-bye." He then calls to his cat,"Here Kitty," and later asks his mother for a cookie by saying,"Want cookie." Peter is exhibiting

A) cooing.
B) telegraphic speech.
C) the single-word stage.
D) babbling.

Question 56

According to Chomsky,humans develop language because they have a

A) perceptual set.
B) telegraphic readiness.
C) learning set.
D) biological predisposition.

Question 57

When a toddler is in the stage called the terrible twos,his or her typical behavior would best be described as

A) oppositional.
B) passive.
C) compliant.
D) submissive.

Question 58

Babies begin to babble

A) from birth on.
B) around six to eight weeks of age.
C) around seven months of age.
D) around one year of age.

Question 59

Ernesto knows more than 100 words,which he uses one word at a time.He is probably __________ old.

A) six to eight weeks
B) seven months
C) one year
D) 18 months to two years

Question 60

Telegraphic speech refers to

A) the single-word stage of language learning.
B) the continuous outpouring of meaningless vowel and consonant sounds.
C) words that communicate only part of an idea.
D) simple two-word sentences characteristic of early speech.

Question 61

According to Chomsky,children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences,which strongly suggests that language patterns must be

A) inborn.
B) learned through parental interactions with the child.
C) related to the intelligence of the child.
D) prelinguistic.

Question 62

In early language development,any behaviors,such as touching,vocalizing,gazing,or smiling,that allow non-verbal interaction and turn-taking between parent and child are known as shared

A) signals.
B) semantics.
C) telegraphic speech.
D) transformations.

Question 63

In talking to an infant,an adult may use exaggerated or musical voice inflections during a type of speech known as

A) semantic transformations.
B) phonetic prompting.
C) parentese or motherese.
D) syntactical expressions.

Question 64

Eighteen-month-old Marty is pointing at objects in the park and trying to name them.His mother praises him for his correct labeling,and she tells Marty the correct name for objects he mislabels.This scene illustrates the importance of which of the following in language acquisition?

A) the language dance
B) maturation
C) biological predisposition
D) learning

Question 65

Through such games as "I'm-Going-To-Get-You," adults and babies come to share similar rhythms and expectations that help to create a system that includes touching,vocalizing,gazing,and smiling,which are referred to as shared

A) signals.
B) transformations.
C) telegraphic speech.
D) semantics.

Question 66

Which of the following observations supports the innate explanation for language and does NOT support the idea that language is learned?

A) Children imitate words spoken by adults.
B) Children are rewarded for correctly using words.
C) Children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences.
D) When a child makes a language error, parents make needed corrections or ask a clarifying question to draw the child's attention to the error.

Question 67

A pattern of conversational interaction between parent and infant that involves alternate sending and receiving of messages is referred to as

A) turn-taking.
B) imprinting.
C) presemantics.
D) transformation.

Question 68

Which of the following would be considered a signal in early language development?

A) audition
B) tasting
C) visualizations
D) touching

Question 69

Concerning language development,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Imitation of adults and rewards for correctly using words are an important part of language learning.
B) Babies actively participate in language learning by asking questions, such as "What dis?"
C) Parents and children begin to communicate long before the child can speak.
D) Noam Chomsky overestimated the importance of learning and social contexts in language and underestimated the innate quality of language.

Question 70

Two-year-old Teshonda is eating her breakfast and tells her mother,"Allgone milk."According to Noam Chomsky,Teshonda is exhibiting which pattern of speech?

A) identification
B) nonexistence
C) negation
D) agent-action

Question 71

Two-year-old Mark is looking for his toy.His mother finds one of his cars and hands it to Mark.He says,"Not ball," meaning the car is not what he wanted.According to Noam Chomsky,Mark is exhibiting which pattern of speech?

A) identification
B) command
C) negation
D) possession

Question 72

Which linguist claimed that humans have a biological predisposition to develop language?

A) Erik Erikson
B) Konrad Lorenz
C) Noam Chomsky
D) Jean Piaget

Question 73

Which of the following observations is cited to support the idea that language is learned?

A) Babies in all cultures communicate first by crying, then cooing, then babbling.
B) Parents and children communicate with shared signals before language appears.
C) Children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences.
D) Telegraphic speech occurs in every culture.

Question 74

Regarding early language development,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Six-week-old babies will gaze at an adult's face in rhythm with the adult's speech.
B) Infants as young as four months engage in vocal turn-taking with adults.
C) The more children interact with parents, the faster they learn to talk and the faster they learn thinking abilities.
D) The interchanges between parents and infants under ten months of age do not represent real communication.

Question 75

Identification,nonexistence,possession,agent-action,negation,and questions are the

A) stages of early language development.
B) typical patterns of children's first sentences.
C) stages of cognitive development.
D) typical patterns of one's personality development.

Question 76

Dr.Jones is a psychologist who specializes in the psychology of language and language development.Dr.Jones would be referred to as a

A) psycholinguist.
B) paralanguage specialist.
C) parapsychologist.
D) phrenologist.

Question 77

Two-year-old Marian and her mother are at the park.People nearby hear Marian talking to her mother,"See birdie," "Want cookie," and "My ball." According to Noam Chomsky,Marian is exhibiting

A) the identification, agent-action, and possessive patterns of speech.
B) the question, command, and ownership patterns of speech.
C) negation behavior speech patterns.
D) babbling.

Question 78

A pattern of speech used when talking to infants that is characterized by the parent using a higher-pitched voice,short,simpler sentences; and an exaggerated or musical inflection is known as

A) transformations.
B) telegraphic speech.
C) syntactical expression.
D) parentese or motherese.

Question 79

Two-year-old Shun is watching his mother putting the groceries away.When he sees the juice,he says,"Mama give," indicating that he wants some juice.According to Noam Chomsky,Shun is exhibiting which pattern of speech?

A) identification
B) possession
C) question
D) agent-action

Question 80

A specialist in the psychology of language is a

A) parapsychologist.
B) phrenologist.
C) psycholinguist.
D) graphologist.