Deck 5: C: States of Consciousness

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the patterns of drug abuse listed in your textbook?

A) social-recreational
B) experimental
C) regressive
D) compulsive

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The combined effect of two drugs that exceeds what would be expected from the mere addition of one drug to the other is known as

A) a drug interaction.
B) stimulus control.
C) amphetamine psychosis.
D) the paradoxical intention.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The most legitimate medical uses of amphetamines include which of the following?

A) to treat depression
B) to treat childhood hyperactivity and overdoes of depressant drugs
C) to help people stay awake and to improve mental or physical performance
D) for weight loss

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following were once widely prescribed for weight loss or depression,but today,their main legitimate medical uses are to treat childhood hyperactivity and overdoses of depressant drugs?

A) amphetamines
B) tranquilizers
C) barbiturates
D) sedative-hypnotics

Question 5

Which of the following are synthetic stimulants that go by the common street names of "speed," "bennies," and "uppers"?

A) amphetamines
B) barbiturates
C) tranquilizers
D) Rohypnol and GHB

Question 6

Adderall and Ritalin are both mixes of amphetamines and are used to treat

A) hypersomnia and sleep apnea.
B) obsessive compulsive disorer.
C) schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
D) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Question 7

Four months ago,Randi started drinking one alcoholic beverage to relax enough to go to sleep.Soon she was having two drinks each night; and recently,she has increased to three drinks.So far,this drinking has not significantly affected her work,although she does not feel very alert when she awakens each morning.Randi's pattern of drug-taking behavior,at this point,would be classified as

A) intensive.
B) compulsive.
C) situational.
D) social-recreational.

Question 8

Adderall and Ritalin are used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)with both drugs being mixes of

A) amphetamines.
B) barbiturates.
C) sedative-hypnotics.
D) tranquilizers.

Question 9

Cara tried marijuana because she was curious about what effects this drug would have on her.Cara's pattern of drug-taking behavior would be classified as

A) experimental.
B) compulsive.
C) situational.
D) social-recreational.

Question 10

David is a truck driver that usually drives within the state,but he uses amphetamines when he is having trouble staying awake on the cross-country haul he has to make once a month.David's pattern of drug-taking behavior would be classified as

A) intensive.
B) compulsive.
C) situational.
D) social-recreational.

Question 11

The most damaging patterns of drug taking are

A) recreational, situational, experimental.
B) social, experimental, recreational.
C) situational, intensive, compulsive.
D) social, situational, intensive.

Question 12

Kim only has one or two alcoholic drinks when she goes out to a restaurant with her friends a few times a month.Kim's pattern of drug-taking behavior would be classified as

A) experimental.
B) compulsive.
C) situational.
D) social-recreational.

Question 13

People who take drugs intravenously are at high risk for

A) addiction.
B) hepatitis.
C) HIV.
D) all of these conditions.

Question 14

Gene has been using crystal meth everyday for the last six months.He has lost his part-time job and is flunking out of college.He has pawned many of his possessions and even stolen money from his family to "take care of his habit." Gene's drug-taking behavior,at this point,would be classified as

A) intensive.
B) compulsive.
C) situational.
D) recreational.

Question 15

Regarding drug-taking behavior,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Some drugs, of course, have a higher potential for abuse than others.
B) Short-term drug use based on curiosity is classified as social-recreational use.
C) The abuse of more than one drug at the same time is referred to as polydrug use.
D) Some people remain social drinkers for life, whereas others become alcoholics within weeks of taking their first drink.

Question 16

Thousands of fatal drug overdoses occur each year due to drug interactions of legally or illegally obtained frugs.This pattern of abuse is called __________ abuse.

A) multi-situational
B) compound
C) compulsive-recreational
D) polydrug

Question 17

When drugs like barbiturates or tranquilizers are mixed with alcohol,their effects are multiplied,due to a

A) binge effect.
B) drug interaction.
C) drug overload.
D) lethal side effects.

Question 18

According to the Florida Medical Examiners Commission in 2008,which of the following accounted for the "vast majority" of deaths due to drug overdose?

A) situational abuse
B) polydrug abuse
C) crystal meth abuse
D) alcohol poisoning

Question 19

Illicit use of which of the following drugs has become widespread,especially by people seeking to stay awake and by those who think these drugs can improve their mental or physical performance?

A) mescaline and psilocybin
B) GHB and Rohypnol
C) amphetamines
D) sedative-hypnotics

Question 20

Sam drinks alcohol only on the days that work has been extremely stressful so that he can relax and "try to forget." Sam's pattern of drug-taking behavior would be classified as

A) intensive.
B) compulsive.
C) situational.
D) social-recreational.

Question 21

Regarding amphetamine use,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Amphetamines rapidly produce a drug tolerance.
B) Amphetamines can cause amphetamine psychosis with repeated use damaging the brain.
C) Amphetamine abusers typically go on binges lasting several days, after which they "crash" from a lack of sleep and food.
D) The effects of amphetamines are due to their ability to supply the body with extra energy.

Question 22

From 1886 to 1906,Coca-Cola contained small amounts of

A) alcohol.
B) marijuana.
C) cocaine.
D) morphine.

Question 23

Cocaine is very similar in its effects to

A) tranquilizers.
B) alcohol.
C) codeine.
D) methamphetamine.

Question 24

Jermaine has been binging on a stimulant drug for several days and is suffering from paranoid delusions and a loss of contact with reality.In the past when he has binged on this drug,he has become violent toward himself and others.Jermaine is most likely suffering from

A) disorganized schizophrenia.
B) amphetamine psychosis.
C) alcohol poisoning.
D) generalized anxiety.

Question 25

A long-distance truck driver who abuses a drug in order to stay awake for long hours would probably be an abuser of

A) PCP.
B) amphetamines.
C) benzodiazepines.
D) GHB.

Question 26

The main difference between cocaine and amphetamines is that cocaine

A) is a depressant.
B) is a shorter acting drug.
C) is not associated with binging.
D) produces more permanent brain damage.

Question 27

Cocaine increases which two chemical messengers?

A) noradrenaline and dopamine
B) acetylcholine and THC
C) histamine and phosphene
D) RNA and serotonin

Question 28

Which of the following can be smoked,snorted,injected,or eaten; is known by the street names of "bergs" and "glass;" is made cheaply in backyard labs; and has fueled a violent criminal subculture?

A) GHB
B) marijuana
C) methamphetamine
D) MDMA

Question 29

Smoked forms of cocaine are commonly called

A) ice.
B) crack.
C) goof balls.
D) scoop.

Question 30

Increasing numbers of normal college students are illegally taking which of the following drugs in the hopes these drugs will help them to focus better while doing their school work?

A) Adderall and Ritalin
B) GHB and Xanax
C) mescaline and marijuana
D) benzodiazepine and Rohypnol

Question 31

Terrence has three term papers due and four major tests in the next three weeks.His friends suggest that he take a "study drug" to help him stay awake and focus better.The "study drug" that his friends have suggested that he take illegally is most likely

A) GHB.
B) Ritalin.
C) Xanax.
D) Rohypnol.

Question 32

Which of the following statements about amphetamine usage is FALSE?

A) Crystal methamphetamine leads very rapidly to compulsive abuse and severe drug dependence.
B) Large doses of amphetamines can cause nausea, vomiting, extremely high blood pressure, fatal heart attacks, and disabling strokes.
C) Amphetamines speed up the use of the body's resources and do not magically supply energy.
D) Amphetamines are classified as hallucinogenic narcotics.

Question 33

Regarding amphetamines,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Taking amphetamines as "study drugs" has been shown to produce slight improvements in problem-solving performance.
B) Taking amphetamines to improve college performance has been shown to result in a significant gain in creativity.
C) Amphetamines have been shown to be physically addicting.
D) Amphetamines speed up the use of the body's resources and do not magically supply energy.

Question 34

Jacob is suffering from amphetamine psychosis.When in this state,Jacob's most prominent symptom will be

A) severe depression.
B) panic attacks.
C) paranoid delusions.
D) auditory hallucinations.

Question 35

When Miguel stopped using a particular drug,he did not experience heroin-like withdrawal symptoms; but he did experience a jarring "crash" of his mood and energy,and,within a few days,a long period of fatigue,anxiety,paranoia,boredom,and anhedonia.Miguel most likely stopped using which drug?

A) alcohol
B) GHB
C) cocaine
D) LSD

Question 36

For several weeks,Garrett has been taking increasing amounts of "crystal meth." If Garrett continues taking this drug,he is at risk for developing

A) delirium tremors.
B) hypnogogic delusions.
C) amphetamine psychosis.
D) panic attacks.

Question 37

Smoked forms of methamphetamine are commonly called

A) goof balls.
B) ice.
C) crack.
D) scoop.

Question 38

With cocaine use,the chemical messenger called noradrenaline is increased leading to brain arousal,while the "rush" of pleasure results from the increase in

A) dopamine.
B) acetylcholine.
C) histamine.
D) THC.

Question 39

From 1886 to 1906,Coca-Cola contained small amounts of cocaine,which were replaced with

A) chocolate flavoring.
B) non-hypnotic spices and herbs.
C) caffeine.
D) nicotine.

Question 40

Which of the following is a powerful central nervous stimulant that produces feelings of alertness,euphoria,well-being,power,boundless energy,and pleasure and goes by the street names of "snow," "blow," and "snuff"?

A) GHB
B) LSD
C) cocaine
D) heroin

Question 41

Caffeine stimulates the brain

A) by causing more neurotransmitters to be released.
B) through the mimicry of specific neurotransmitters in the brain.
C) by blocking chemicals that normally inhibit or slow nerve activity.
D) by prolonging the action of certain neurotransmitters.

Question 42

Mona has been abusing cocaine and now suffers from an inability to feel pleasure.This condition is called

A) hypomania.
B) anhedonia.
C) affective neurosis.
D) cyclothymia.

Question 43

The effects of caffeine become apparent with doses as small as the amount found in about one-half cup of brewed coffee,which is __________ milligrams.

A) five
B) 25
C) 50
D) 100

Question 44

The drug MDMA is also known as

A) scoop.
B) Ecstasy.
C) crack.
D) ice.

Question 45

Concerning cocaine,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Coca-Colas once contained a small amount of cocaine.
B) The effects of cocaine administration usually last several hours.
C) First-time users of cocaine risk having convulsions, a heart attack, or a stroke.
D) Three out of four cocaine abusers who remain in treatment do succeed in breaking their coke dependence.

Question 46

Concerning cocaine use,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) If cocaine were cheaper, nine out of 10 users would progress to compulsive abuse.
B) Withdrawal from cocaine produces symptoms similar to that of heroin.
C) Cocaine increases the chemical messengers dopamine and noradrenaline.
D) A vaccine that prevents cocaine from stimulating the nervous system is currently undergoing clinical trials.

Question 47

Ian is withdrawing from cocaine.He can expect all of the following to occur EXCEPT

A) a jarring "crash" of mood and energy.
B) a long period of fatigue, anxiety, paranoia, and boredom.
C) anhedonia.
D) heroin-like withdrawal symptoms.

Question 48

Regarding Ecstasy use,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Ecstasy use can lead to fatal heat exhaustion even if the person drinks water to cool themselves.
B) Ecstasy users are more likely to abuse alcohol and other drugs, to party excessively, and to engage in risky sex.
C) Heavy users of Ecstasy typically do not perform well in tests of learning and memory and show some signs of underlying brain damage.
D) Ecstasy has not been shown to intensify the impact of the music for users.

Question 49

At a "rave" party,Marilyn used ecstasy.The physical effects of this drug include

A) low blood pressure.
B) increased appetite.
C) elevated body temperature.
D) all of these symptoms.

Question 50

Serious problems related to MDMA use include

A) heart arrhythmias.
B) fatal heat exhaustion.
C) severe liver damage.
D) all of these.

Question 51

Ecstasy causes brain cells to release extra amounts of

A) acetylcholine.
B) serotonin.
C) histamine.
D) dopamine.

Question 52

Regarding cocaine,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) When rats and monkeys are given free access to cocaine, many end up dying of convulsions from self-administered overdoses of the drug.
B) Even a person who gets through withdrawal may crave cocaine months or years later.
C) Cocaine increases the chemical messengers acetylcholine and serotonin.
D) Cocaine when snorted is quickly metabolized, so its effects last only 15 to 30 minutes.

Question 53

The physical effects of which drug include a rush of energy,dilated pupils,elevated blood pressure,jaw clenching,loss of appetite,and elevated body temperature?

A) GHB
B) Rohypnol
C) valium
D) Ecstasy

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a sign of cocaine abuse?

A) disregarding consequences of cocaine abuse
B) compulsive use of cocaine
C) loss of control when cocaine is available
D) heroin-like withdrawal symptoms from cocaine

Question 55

Regarding Ecstasy use,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Ecstasy causes brain cells to release extra amounts of acetylcholine.
B) Ecstasy diminishes sexual performance, impairing erections and retarding orgasms.
C) Ecstasy intensifies the impact of the music at "rave" parties, overstimulating the brain and resulting in a "rebound" depression.
D) Ecstasy use in North America has declined slightly from a peak around 2002.

Question 56

Regarding the research on MDMA,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) When a person stops taking MDMA, they tend to experience long-term feelings of anxiety and depression that can persist for months
B) MDMA has been shown to increase sexual performance in both men and women.
C) MDMA has been shown to intensify the impact of music for the user.
D) MDMA users have sufferred fatal heat exhaustion and severe liver damage.

Question 57

Regarding caffeine,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Caffeine blocks chemicals that normally inhibit or slow nerve activity.
B) Less than ten percent of all caffeine users show signs of dependence.
C) Physically, caffeine causes sweating, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and hand tremors.
D) Caffeine suppresses drowsiness and increases alertness, especially when combined with sugar.

Question 58

Which of the following is chemically similar to amphetamine,causes brain cells to release extra amounts of serotonin,and produces a rush of energy with users saying that it makes them feel closer to others and heightens sensory experiences?

A) GHB
B) Rohypnol
C) LSD
D) MDMA

Question 59

Greg is using the most frequently used psychoactive drug in the United States,which is

A) marijuana.
B) cocaine.
C) alcohol.
D) caffeine.

Question 60

Caffeine does NOT produce which of the following symptoms?

A) decreased alertness
B) sweating
C) tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
D) talkativeness

Question 61

Regarding caffeine,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Pregnant women who consume as little as two cups coffee a day increase the risk of having a miscarriage.
B) A person would have to drink between 15 and 20 cups of coffee a day to experience withdrawal symptoms from caffeine.
C) About half of all caffeine users show some signs of dependence.
D) Withdrawal from caffeine includes anxiety, depression, fatigue, headaches, and flu-like symptoms.

Question 62

Nicotine is classified as a

A) narcotic.
B) depressant.
C) sedative.
D) stimulant.

Question 63

Helen is suffering from caffeinism.Her symptoms may include all of the following EXCEPT

A) an elevated body temperature.
B) insomnia.
C) increased appetite.
D) increased heart rate.

Question 64

Regarding caffeine,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) People who drink 15 to 20 cups of coffee a day show symptoms of caffeinism.
B) A person drinking as little as 2.5 cups of coffee a day may experience withdrawal symptoms.
C) Caffeine is the most frequently used psychoactive drug in North America.
D) Caffeine stimulates the brain by causing more neurotransmitters to be released, thus, increasing the activity of the brain cells.

Question 65

According to the research on nicotine and cigarette smoking,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Withdrawal symptoms from nicotine may last from two to six weeks and may be worse than heroin withdrawal.
B) The health risks of smoking combine to reduce the life expectancy of the average smoker by 10 to 15 years.
C) The average age for the first use of nicotine is 18, and it usually takes three years before dependence sets in.
D) Smoking leads to an increased risk of many cancers, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and reproductive disorders.

Question 66

For most smokers,withdrawal from nicotine causes all of the following symptoms EXCEPT for

A) excessive daytime sleepiness (hypersomnia).
B) sweating.
C) cramps and digestive upset.
D) headaches and irritability.

Question 67

Caffeine use has NOT been linked to which of the following conditions?

A) narcolepsy
B) bladder cancer
C) birth defects and miscarriages
D) the increased growth of breast cysts in women

Question 68

A scheduled gradual approach to quitting smoking

A) is not as effective as a cold turkey approach because smokers who smoke even one cigarette after "quitting" tend to feel they've failed.
B) does not help people cope with the urge to smoke.
C) works equally as well as the cold turkey approach.
D) tends to create more permanent nonsmokers.

Question 69

Cola soft drinks,tea,chocolate,cold remedies,and many name-brand aspirin products all contain the psychoactive drug

A) caffeine.
B) GHB.
C) alcohol.
D) nicotine.

Question 70

Evidence that nicotine is addicting includes

A) convulsions, respiratory failure and death at high dose rates.
B) increased reliance on nicotine to the exclusion of other drugs.
C) an increase in tolerance levels and withdrawal symptoms when discontinued.
D) the early age at which people become addicted to nicotine..

Question 71

According to the research on nicotine and cigarette smoking,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Nicotine is classified as a depressant.
B) Nicotine is so toxic that it is sometimes used to kill insects.
C) Sixty percent of the smokers between 15 and 24 years of age are addicted to nicotine.
D) Up to 90 percent of people who quit smoking relapse within a year.

Question 72

Smoking puts people at risk for all of the following EXCEPT

A) decreased fertility.
B) stroke and lung cancer.
C) chronic bronchitis.
D) narcolepsy.

Question 73

Insomnia,irritability,loss of appetite,chills,racing heart,and elevated body temperature are all signs of

A) caffeinism.
B) valium addiction.
C) GHB use.
D) cocaine withdrawal.

Question 74

The three most widely used psychoactive drugs are

A) prozac, alcohol, and marijuana.
B) caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine.
C) alcohol, marijuana, and crystal meth.
D) valium, nicotine, and alcohol.

Question 75

In addition to nicotine,cigarettes release carcinogens.which are

A) addictive substances.
B) sedative-hypnotic drugs.
C) cancer-causing substances.
D) respiratory irritants.

Question 76

According to the research on nicotine and cigarette smoking,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) For a non-smoker, the nicotine in 17 to 25 cigarettes taken in a single dose could be lethal.
B) A 30-minute exposure to one pinch of smokeless tobacco is equivalent to smoking three or four cigarettes.
C) The average age for the first use of nicotine is 15, and it usually takes about a year before dependence sets in.
D) Second-hand smoke can lead to minor respiratory problems, but has not resulted in any deaths.

Question 77

The average age for the first use of nicotine is

A) 11 years of age, and it takes five years before dependence sets in.
B) 13 years of age, and it takes three years before dependence sets in.
C) 15 years of age, and it takes one year before dependence sets in.
D) 18 years of age, and it takes less than six months before dependence sets in.

Question 78

Cigarettes release both nicotine and

A) acetylcholine.
B) carcinogens.
C) tryptophan.
D) noradrenaline.

Question 79

According to the research on nicotine,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Users of smokeless tobacco run a higher risk of oral cancer.
B) The "cold turkey" approach to quitting smoking is considered the most effective approach in producing permanent nonsmokers.
C) Secondary smoke causes about 3,000 lung cancer deaths and as many as 70,000 heart disease deaths each year in the United States alone.
D) Young children are especially vulnerable to secondhand smoke.

Question 80

Drug use associated with which of the following drugs has been linked to the growth of breast cysts,birth defects and miscarriages,bladder cancer,heart problems,and high blood pressure?

A) caffeine
B) cocaine
C) nicotine
D) heroin