Deck 5: D: States of Consciousness

Question 1

If you go without sleep for 32 hours,you will need to sleep 32 hours straight to recover completely.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Sleepwalkers have been known to play a musical instrument,drive a car,or cook while asleep.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Some people can learn very complex tasks while asleep,such as learning a foreign language.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The safest sleep position for most infants in order to prevent SIDS is on their backs.

Question 5

People with narcolepsy tend to fall directly into Stage 4 NREM sleep.

Question 6

Concentrative meditation is more difficult to attain than mindfulness meditation.

Question 7

A sleep researcher is monitoring you and notices that your brain waves are showing almost all delta waves,which means you are in REM sleep.

Question 8

Stage hypnotists often create a simulation of hypnotic effects,not actual hypnosis.

Question 9

In their studies of the brain and behavior,psychologists adopt an objective,third-person point of view.

Question 10

Humans as well as other animals,such as dogs,cats,and rats,all experience microsleeps.

Question 11

Night terrors and sleepwalking occur during REM sleep.

Question 12

Dreamless slow-wave NREM sleep increases after physical exertion,while REM sleep increases with daytime emotional stresses.

Question 13

Everyone experiences some altered state of consciousness every day.

Question 14

Dream actions of flying,floating,or falling are more frequent than the dream actions of running,sitting,or talking.

Question 15

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis,the cortex of the brain combines random brain activity into stories and visual images that form your dreams.

Question 16

Each of us will spend approximately 25 years of our life asleep.

Question 17

Current research shows that the EEG patterns recorded during hypnosis are deep sleep patterns consisting of delta waves.

Question 18

Having bizarre experiences upon awakening,such as sensing an alien being is in one's bedroom,is characteristic of the condition known as REM behavior disorder.

Question 19

Eating starchy foods tends to decrease one's levels of tryptophan,thus,increasing one's tendency toward insomnia.

Question 20

Most people dream about four or five times a night,with the dreams spaced 90 minutes apart.

Question 21

Alcohol is classified as a stimulant,while nicotine is classified as a depressant.

Question 22

Lowering body and brain activity and metabolism during sleep may help conserve energy and lengthen life,according to the __________ theories of sleep.

Question 23

Sara tried marijuana because she was curious about what effects this drug would have on her; thus,Sara's pattern of drug-taking behavior would be classified as situational.

Question 24

During the teen years,rapid physical changes during puberty increase the need for sleep,while overall sleep time decreases,resulting in most adolescents experiencing excessive daytime sleepiness known as __________.

Question 25

According to Freud,when several people,objects,or events are combined into a single dream image,the dream process of secondary elaboration has taken place.

Question 26

Restricted Environmental Stimulation Therapy (REST)has been shown to enhance the performance in skilled sports,such as gymnastics,tennis,basketball,and marksmanship.

Question 27

The THC in marijuana can suppress the body's immune system,increasing the risk of disease.

Question 28

Arthur has been driving for almost ten hours straight,and he is tired and drowsy.He momentarily falls asleep for a few seconds.Arthur has experienced a(n)__________.

Question 29

Several men are chanting rhythmically while sitting in darkness inside a small chamber heated by coals,and they will periodically throw the door open and allow cooling night breezes to rush in.These men are taking part in a ritual of the Sioux Indians known as the __________ ceremony.

Question 30

One thing that cocaine,"highway hypnosis," high fever,and meditation all have in common is that they produce __________ of consciousness.

Question 31

One way to eliminate nightmares involves making the upsetting dream familiar while the person is awake and "mentally re-programming" future dream content,a technique known as __________.

Question 32

Aaron is trying to go to sleep,so he keeps his eyes wide open (in the dark)and stays awake as long as possible.This will allow sleep to overtake him unexpectedly and lowers his performance anxiety through a technique known as the __________.

Question 33

From 1886 until 1906,Coca-Cola contained small amounts of cocaine,which were later replaced with caffeine.

Question 34

Addictive drugs stimulate a brain region called the reticular formation causing it to release the neurotransmitter serotonin.

Question 35

The pattern of EEG waves present when one is awake and alert is characterized by __________ waves.

Question 36

GHB is a mixture of degreasing solvent and drain cleaner.

Question 37

LSD tends to decrease REM sleep slightly,while alcohol increases REM sleep.

Question 38

Sleep paralysis,which normally prevents us from moving during REM sleep,can also occur just as we are beginning to wake up.During these episodes,people sometimes experience __________ hallucinations.

Question 39

Sleeping in a hammock,a boat,or on a waterbed tends to increase the number of lucid dreams one has by stimulating the vestibular system.

Question 40

About an hour and a half after Ned's parents put Ned to bed,they find him in a total state of panic,sitting up in bed screaming,and drenched in sweat.They change his pajamas and put him back to bed.The next morning they ask him about what happened.Ned remembers very little about the night before.Ned was exhibiting the sleep disturbance known as a(n)night __________.

Question 41

While meditating,Bradley tries to achieve a total non-judgmental awareness of the world.Bradley is using __________ meditation.

Question 42

You tie a short length of string to a small ring and hold this ring at eye level,about a foot from your face.By focusing on the ring,you are able to make the ring swing back and forth.You are surprised by this automatic micromovement of your fingers.You most likely have experienced a(n)__________.

Question 43

The Gestalt psychologist who proposed that most dreams are special messages about what's missing in our lives,what we tend to avoid doing,or feelings that need to be "re-owned" was __________.

Question 44

Downing five or more drinks in a short period of time for men and four or more drinks for women is referred to as __________.

Question 45

Medical researcher Herbert Benson believed that the core of meditation involved an innate physiological pattern that opposes your body's fight-or-flight mechanisms and is called the __________ response.

Question 46

The detached part of the hypnotized person's awareness that silently views the events occurring during hypnosis is called the __________.

Question 47

The reduction in the body's response to a drug which may accompany drug use is called __________.

Question 48

Maria has been abusing cocaine and now suffers from an inability to feel pleasure,a condition known as __________.

Question 49

Marijuana,LSD,mescaline,and psilocybin are classified as __________.

Question 50

In order for Freud to analyze the hidden,symbolic meaning of his patients' dreams,he would have his patients remember and retell the obvious,visible parts of their dreams known as the __________ content.

Question 51

Most dreams reflect ordinary waking concerns because the brain areas that are active when we are awake remain active during dreaming,according to the __________ dream theory.

Question 52

Jana has an argument with her husband and then dreams that she accidentally backs into his motorcycle,damaging it slightly.According to Freud,this is an example of the dream process called __________.

Question 53

Valium,Xanax,Halcion,and Librium are examples of the depressant drug class known as __________.

Question 54

Abby seems to fall asleep in the middle of a conversation.She has even suffered one of these sleep attacks while standing.She appears to be suffering from the sleep disturbance called __________.

Question 55

A dreamer wakes within the dream and feels capable of normal thought and action during the state known as __________ dreaming.

Question 56

Some physicians believe that SIDS,or crib death,may be caused by the sleep disorder known as __________.

Question 57

A test in which a person is given a series of suggestions,such as being told that his or her "left arm is becoming more and more rigid and that it will not bend," is most likely taking the Stanford __________ Scale.

Question 58

By using small isolation tanks in which a participant floats in shallow body-temperature water containing hundreds of pounds of Epsom salts,psychologists have explored the possible benefits of __________.

Question 59

The tendency to dream more than usual after a period of REM sleep deprivation is called __________.

Question 60

Adderall and Ritalin,two popular "study drugs," that are used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)are both mixtures of __________.

Question 61

Your psychology instructor states that during a night of sleep,a person goes through cycles
of light and deep sleep,while also experiencing bodily changes.Using a description of the
stages of NREM and REM,describe a night of sleep,including the type of brain waves
present and the characteristics of each NREM and the characteristics of REM sleep.

Question 62

Your college roommate is experiencing insomnia.Explain some changes she could make in her life as well as some techniques she could use to get a "good night's sleep."

Question 63

Describe Sigmund Freud's four dream processes and give an example of each.

Question 64

Discuss the drug marijuana,how it differs from hashish,its drug classification,the effects of
its active ingredient,and the dangers of short- and long-term use of marijuana on the mind
and body.

Question 65

Concerning the need for sleep,(a)describe the average range and the differences in short
and long sleepers' total hours of sleep per night,(b)explain why adolescents need more sleep
and why they tend to show hypersomnia,and (c)describe how aging affects the sleep
patterns of adults.

Question 66

Describe the two major forms of meditation and the technique known as REST and its uses.

Question 67

You have graduated from college and have a new job.At several of the events related to your
job,alcohol is being served.According to your textbook,it is possible to pace your drinking so
that you will not get drunk and embarrass yourself in front of your boss and colleagues.List
these guidelines for paced drinking.Then,explain what differentiates a social drinker from one
who is abusing alcohol,and list the danger signs of alcohol abuse.

Question 68

Describe what effect(s)hypnosis has on the following areas: physical strength; memory;
amnesia; pain relief; age regression,and sensory changes; and explain the techniques used
by stage hypnotists that make people believe they are seeing a demonstration of hypnosis
when they are not.

Question 69

Concerning altered states of consciousness,(a)describe characteristics of an altered state of consciousness,(b)describe four everyday situations in which people experience these altered states,and (c)describe the intentional uses and meanings of the altered states within another culture.

Question 70

Contrast the activation-synthesis hypothesis with the neurocognitive dream theory and
include the names of the theorists who proposed each theory.