Deck 13: A: Health,stress,and Coping

Question 1

Many diseases and half of all deaths in North America can be traced to

A) accidents.
B) unhealthy behaviors.
C) infectious diseases.
D) poor prenatal care.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Bart has a very unhealthy lifestyle,which is marked by the presence of a number of

A) health refusal factors.
B) behavioral risk factors.
C) cultural stressors.
D) Type B personality traits.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Dr.Jade is involved with how behavioral factors in medicine,physical illness,and medical treatment influence patients with Alzheimer's disease.Her specialty is __________ medicine.

A) forensic
B) longitudinal
C) psychiatric
D) behavioral

Answer 3

D

Question 4

During the final weeks of the college semester,Mee Jung has barely managed to survive the rush of make-or-break term papers,projects,and classroom presentations and then endures a week and a half of stress,pressure,and frustration during final exams.She is now off for the summer and should expect

A) a period of no stress but excessive boredom to occur.
B) periods of intense stress to be frequently followed by illness.
C) more periods of intense stress during the summer because of her Type A personality.
D) none of the these occurrences, since periods of stress and of illness are unpredictable.

Question 5

According to your textbook,which of the following are actions that increase the chances of disease,injury,or early death?

A) health refusal factors
B) neuroimmune risk factors
C) behavioral risk factors
D) Type B personality traits

Question 6

Dr.Gerschivin is a psychologist that teaches people how to relieve pain,cope with chronic illnesses,and to perform self-screenings to prevent diseases,such as cancer.Dr.Gerschivin is working in the field of

A) medical psychology.
B) behavioral medicine.
C) homeopathic psychology.
D) developmental medicine.

Question 7

Although it may become the leading cause in the near future,which factor currently ranks SECOND as a cause of preventable deaths in the United States?

A) smoking.
B) unsafe sexual behavior.
C) alcohol abuse.
D) being overweight.

Question 8

Today people primarily die from

A) infectious diseases.
B) lifestyle diseases.
C) accidents.
D) genetic diseases.

Question 9

Heart disease,stroke,and lung cancer often result from health-damaging personal habits and are examples of

A) dissociative disorders.
B) traumatic stress diseases.
C) lifestyle diseases.
D) factious disorders.

Question 10

A graduate student in psychology who decides on a career applying psychological knowledge to medical problems,such as diabetes or asthma is choosing

A) behavioral medicine.
B) psychoneurology.
C) medical psychology.
D) neurophysiology.

Question 11

The concept of lifestyle illness is associated with

A) the causes of death at the turn of the century.
B) infectious diseases and accidents.
C) the probability of being pressured into committing suicide.
D) modern causes of death.

Question 12

Periods of stress are frequently followed by

A) periods of no stress.
B) periods of more intense stress.
C) illness.
D) good health.

Question 13

Lifestyle diseases are of special interest to Dr.Cierro,who is a __________ psychologist.

A) health
B) community
C) wellness
D) psychosomatic

Question 14

Regarding lifestyle diseases and behavioral risk factors,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Almost half of all deaths in the North America can be traced to unhealthful behaviors.
B) Obesity is currently the main cause of preventable deaths in the United States.
C) A person who is overweight at age 20 can expect to lose five to 20 years of life expectancy.
D) Roughly 65 percent of all American adults are overweight.

Question 15

The concept of behavioral risk factors is associated with which of the following?

A) the probability of becoming schizophrenic
B) causes of physical disease
C) the probability of committing suicide
D) the chance of having a congenital disorder

Question 16

Currently,the main cause of preventable deaths in the United States is

A) smoking.
B) unsafe sexual behavior.
C) alcohol abuse.
D) obesity.

Question 17

Health psychology is best defined as the

A) study of the ways in which psychological principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health.
B) use of psychological principles and research methods to solve practical problems.
C) study of how individuals behave, think, and feel in the presence, actual or implied, of others.
D) study of behavioral factors in medicine, physical illness, and medical treatment.

Question 18

Regarding lifestyle diseases and behavioral risk factors,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Seventy percent of all medical costs are related to just six of the major behavioral risk factors.
B) Smoking is currently the main cause of preventable deaths in the United States.
C) A person who is overweight at age 20 can expect to lose five to 20 years of life expectancy.
D) All people who exhibit behavioral risk factors have a general disease-prone personality type.

Question 19

The branch of psychology that studies how behavioral principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health is known as __________ psychology.

A) developmental
B) health
C) behavioral
D) stress

Question 20

A century ago,people primarily died from

A) infectious diseases and accidents.
B) lifestyle diseases.
C) suicide and war.
D) malnutrition.

Question 21

Of the nine leading causes of death in the United States,how many are directly related to behavioral risk factors?

A) three
B) five
C) six
D) eight

Question 22

As discussed in your textbook,lifestyle diseases related to just six behaviors,smoking,alcohol and drug use,poor diet,insufficient exercise,and risky sexual practices,account for what percent of all medical costs?

A) 25
B) 40
C) 55
D) 70

Question 23

Obesity is considered a behavioral risk factor for many affluent nations.In the United States,it is currently estimated that what percent of all adults are overweight?

A) 35 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 65 percent
D) 80 percent

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT one of the major behavioral risk factors listed in your textbook?

A) high levels of stress
B) eating a Mediterranean diet.
C) inadequate exercise
D) violence

Question 25

Of those behaviors listed for the previous month,which of the following risky behaviors showed the HIGHEST percentage among adolescents?

A) using marijuana
B) riding with a drinking driver
C) smoking cigarettes
D) being in a physical fight

Question 26

At least 42 percent of U.S.high school students have engaged in which of the following health-endangering behaviors in the previous month?

A) used marijuana
B) engaged in sexual intercourse
C) drank alcohol
D) smoked cigarettes

Question 27

The term disease-prone personality refers to a person who

A) engages constantly in cigarette smoking.
B) drives at excessive speeds.
C) has persistent negative emotions associated with poor health.
D) is uncontrollably violent.

Question 28

Regarding lifestyle diseases and behavioral risk factors,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Approximately 443,000 people die every year from smoking-related diseases.
B) Alcohol abuse is currently the main cause of preventable deaths in the United States.
C) Seventy percent of all medical costs are related to just six of the major behavioral risk factors.
D) Roughly 65 percent of all Americans adults are overweight with half of these being obese.

Question 29

Megan is often so depressed that she eats and sleeps poorly,rarely exercises,and has been smoking more.According to health psychologists,Megan is exhibiting a

A) disease-prone personality.
B) Type B personality.
C) behavioral risk personality.
D) stress-prone personality.

Question 30

Which of the following,in particular,is likely to damage health,since individuals with this condition tend to eat poorly,sleep poorly,rarely exercise,fail to use seat belts in cars,and smoke too much?

A) anxiety
B) depression
C) pessimism
D) dissociative disorder

Question 31

Those who are compassionate,resourceful,optimistic,and non-hostile tend to have

A) good health.
B) more money.
C) more sexual partners.
D) more depression.

Question 32

People's health,happiness,and life expectancy are greatly affected by the health habits that they have developed by the time they are __________ years of age.

A) 10 to 12
B) 18 to 19
C) 25 to 30
D) 40 to 45

Question 33

Which of the following statements concerning behavioral risk factors is TRUE?

A) Almost all of the causes of poor health are beyond one's control.
B) Luckily, unhealthy lifestyles usually center around one type of risk factor so that managing the behavior is relatively easy.
C) All people who exhibit behavioral risk factors have a general disease-prone personality type.
D) Some behaviors and lifestyles promote health, whereas others lead to illness and death.

Question 34

According to your textbook,which of the following risky behaviors did 81 percent of adolescents typically exhibit during the previous month?

A) smoking cigarettes
B) drinking alcohol
C) engaging in sexual intercourse
D) not getting enough physical exercise

Question 35

High levels of stress,overeating,and unsafe sexual behavior increase the chance of injury or illness and are considered __________ risk factors.

A) refusal skills
B) moderate
C) behavioral
D) emotional

Question 36

Major behavioral risk factors include which of the following?

A) inadequate exercise
B) reckless driving
C) excess sun exposure
D) all of these

Question 37

Which type of personality is associated with a person being frequently ill and is marked by persistent negative emotions,including anxiety,hostility,and depression?

A) Type B
B) behavioral risk
C) stress-prone
D) disease-prone

Question 38

At least 30 percent of U.S.high school students have engaged in which of the following health-endangering behaviors in the previous month?

A) did not use a condom during last sexual intercourse
B) drank alcohol
C) was in a physical fight
D) all of these

Question 39

The disease-prone personality is characterized by

A) mania.
B) extraversion.
C) hostility.
D) Type-B attributes.

Question 40

Of those behaviors listed for the previous month,which of the following risky behaviors showed the LOWEST percentage among adolescents?

A) using marijuana
B) drinking alcohol
C) engaging in sexual intercourse
D) being in a physical fight

Question 41

Regarding social factors that promote unhealthy behaviors,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) A study found that people were 97 percent more likely to become obese if they had a friend who became fat first.
B) If one smoker in a group of smokers quits, others are more likely to follow suit.
C) Spending time with drinkers tends to increase one's alcohol consumption.
D) We tend to flock together with like-minded people and adopt many of their habits.

Question 42

Sarah is a freshman in college and found that she started gaining weight after spending a lot of her time with her roommate Gayle,who is overweight.Sarah's weight gain is best explained by

A) a lack of motivation that occurs when first starting to college.
B) a lower metabolism that occurs in late adolescence.
C) the adoption of her roommate's eating habits.
D) the minor depression or "college blues" that set in upon leaving home.

Question 43

People who smoke are also more likely to drink excessively,and people who overeat usually do not get enough exercise.These observations illustrate that

A) many people have a disease-prone personality.
B) genetics plays a strong role in one's addictions.
C) unhealthy lifestyles almost always create multiple risks.
D) the causes of poor health are coincidental and unpredictable.

Question 44

Regarding the promotion of healthy and unhealthy behaviors,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Research has shown that one glass of red wine daily may be healthy.
B) Five smokers in 10 will have long-term success at quitting.
C) If one smoker in a group of smokers quits, others are more likely to follow suit.
D) People were found to be 57 percent more likely to become obese if they had a friend who became overweight first.

Question 45

To prevent disease,health psychologists first try to

A) remove behavioral risk factors.
B) compensate for genetic predispositions.
C) use maintenance doses of medication.
D) use quarantines to alleviate the threat to healthy individuals.

Question 46

Good health-promoting behaviors include

A) not smoking cigarettes.
B) not consuming more than two alcoholic drinks per day.
C) providing for periods of relaxation every day.
D) all of these.

Question 47

The healthiest people in a study of health-promoting behaviors reaped the benefits of which of the following diet and exercise plans?

A) maintaining a strict diet of tofu and wheat grass and exercising at least two hours per day
B) adhering to a restrictive diet at least five days a week and engaging in strenuous exercise at least an hour per day
C) eating a Mediterranean diet and getting 30 minutes of exercise three or four times a week
D) eating a high-protein diet of red meat and very few carbohydrates and getting moderate exercise at least twice a week

Question 48

Regarding lifestyle and health,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Small risks can add up, dramatically raising the chance of illness.
B) Most infectious diseases are not linked to behavioral risks.
C) Pneumonia occurs at high rates in people who have cancer, heart disease, lung disease, or liver disease.
D) Those people who overeat usually do not get enough exercise.

Question 49

Moderation in drinking alcohol means consuming only

A) one alcoholic drink per week.
B) two alcoholic drinks per week.
C) only one or two alcoholic drinks per day and remaining alcohol-free two or three days per week.
D) three or four alcoholic drinks per day and being alcohol-free at least one day a week.

Question 50

Pneumonia and other infections occur at higher rates in people who have cancer,heart disease,lung disease,or liver disease,which illustrates that

A) infectious diseases are often linked to behavioral risks, such as smoking, poor diet, and alcohol abuse.
B) many people have a disease-prone personality that causes additional infections.
C) genetics plays a strong role in the cause of cancers and diseases.
D) the causes of cancers and diseases are coincidental and unpredictable.

Question 51

According to a recent study,the healthiest people eat a diet high in fruit,vegetables,and fish,and low in red meat and dairy products.This diet is called the __________ diet.

A) American
B) Mediterranean
C) Asian
D) Hawaiian

Question 52

According to researchers Christakis and Fowler,which of the following is often a barrier to changing unhealthy behaviors?

A) social factors
B) chronic infectious diseases
C) a lack of money
D) a lack of knowledge

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT one of the major health-promoting behaviors listed in the text?

A) learn stress management
B) get adequate sleep
C) get regular exercise
D) eat a high protein, low carbohydrate diet

Question 54

For adults who were careful about diet,alcohol,exercise,and smoking,their risk of dying was cut by what percent over a 10-year period?

A) 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 65 percent

Question 55

An increased risk of stroke,cirrhosis of the liver,cancer,high blood pressure,and heart disorders has been found from

A) consuming one alcoholic drink per day.
B) consuming two alcoholic drinks per day.
C) consuming three or more alcoholic drinks per day.
D) none of these, since a person would have to consume at least six alcoholic drinks per day for at least five years to increase his or her risk of these conditions.

Question 56

What percent of peole were more likely to become obese if they had a friend who became overweight first?

A) 27 percent
B) 57 percent
C) 77 percent
D) 97 percent

Question 57

Jayne eats a diet high in fruits,vegetables,and fish,and low in red meat and dairy products.This healthy diet is known as the __________ diet.

A) American
B) Mediterranean
C) Asian
D) Hawaiian

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT one of the major health-promoting behaviors listed in the text?

A) consume no more than four alcoholic drinks per day
B) use seat belts and minimize sun exposure
C) lower blood pressure with diet and exercise, or medicine if necessary
D) eat a balanced, low-fat diet

Question 59

Jason has high blood pressure.Changes he can make to treat this lifestyle disease include

A) consuming less sodium (salt).
B) getting more exercise and losing weight.
C) using alcohol sparingly.
D) all of these.

Question 60

Men and women engaging in health-promoting behaviors,such as getting adequate sleep,maintaining an ideal weight,and limiting use of alcohol,can expect to

A) psychologically crave a more exciting life.
B) increase their life expectancy.
C) be envious of friends who are risk-takers.
D) have happiness and harmony in their relationships with others.

Question 61

If a good friend quits smoking,what percent of people are more likely to quit smoking?

A) 90 percent
B) 72 percent
C) 67 percent
D) 36 percent

Question 62

According to your textbook,refusal skills type training programs have been used to prevent all of the following EXCEPT

A) smoking and other drug use.
B) sexually transmitted diseases.
C) teen pregnancy.
D) anorexia and bulimia.

Question 63

Which of the following are area-wide education projects designed to inform people of the risks of stress,alcohol abuse,high blood pressure,STDs,etc.; to provide role models to show people how to improve their own health; and to direct people to services for health screening,advice,and treatment?

A) longitudinal screening programs
B) community health campaigns
C) cross-cultural health promotionals
D) university-based health awareness projects

Question 64

Tom's friends are very worried about him because he is engaging in the single most lethal behavioral risk factor and the largest preventable cause of death.Tom's lethal habit is

A) smoking.
B) reckless driving.
C) alcohol abuse.
D) obesity.

Question 65

Marian would be described as physically and psychologically healthy.She is happy,optimistic,and self-confident,and is able to bounce back emotionally from adversity.According to health psychologists,Marian is in a state of

A) wellness.
B) self-actualization.
C) incongruence.
D) stress inoculation.

Question 66

Jasmine is attending a program at school that includes practice in stress reduction,self-protection,decision- making,self control,and social skills that will help her solve problems rather than turning to drug use or other destructive behaviors.This program is called

A) a psychological health workshop.
B) refusal skills training.
C) a community health campaign.
D) life skills training.

Question 67

School-based smoking prevention programs have used

A) anti-smoking art contests.
B) poster and T-shirt giveaways.
C) questions for students to ask their parents.
D) all of these.

Question 68

The local community college and hospitals are joining together to sponsor a health fair that will provide blood pressure screenings,demonstrations on cooking healthier for one's heart,and exercise routines that can be worked into one's busy schedule.This health fair is a good example of which type of program?

A) longitudinal screening programs
B) community health campaigns
C) cross-cultural health promotionals
D) education-based health awareness projects

Question 69

Regarding school-based antismoking programs,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Many of the programs are designed to persuade students that smoking is dangerous and "uncool."
B) The attitudes of teens toward smoking have not changed dramatically in the last 20 years.
C) Some antismoking programs are helping youths to learn to resist peer pressure to begin smoking.
D) Some antismoking programs include methods to cope with stress without turning to smoking and drug use.

Question 70

An important way that psychologists work to decrease behavioral risks to health is through the use of

A) community health campaigns that provide role models.
B) jail time for people who violate health codes.
C) electroconvulsive shock therapy for unhealthy, anxious patients.
D) sensory deprivation activities.

Question 71

Greg is receiving refusal skills training at his high school.Typically,this type of training is used to teach young people how to

A) avoid smoking and other drug use.
B) cope with burnout.
C) resist stressors at home and at school.
D) avoid forming study habits that lead to school failure.

Question 72

If their spouse quits smoking,what percent of people are more likely to quit smoking?

A) 90 percent
B) 72 percent
C) 67 percent
D) 36 percent

Question 73

According to your textbook,what percent of American adults still smoke?

A) six percent
B) 19 percent
C) 28 percent
D) 37 percent

Question 74

Which of the following includes practice in stress reduction,self-protection,decision-making,goal setting,self-control,and social skills that help young people to be less tempted to escape problems through drug use or other destructive behaviors?

A) life skills training
B) behavioral risk factor training
C) health-promoting behavioral training
D) defense mechanism training

Question 75

According to your textbook,some of the best anti-smoking programs that have been shown to help young people resist pressure from peers,adults,and the media to start smoking involve __________ training.

A) behavioral risk factor
B) health-promoting behavioral
C) refusal skills
D) stress reduction

Question 76

The best way to deal with smoking involves campaigns to

A) help people reduce the number of cigarettes they smoke each day.
B) prevent cigarette smoking before it begins.
C) help people change to smokeless tobacco products.
D) reduce the nicotine levels in cigarettes.

Question 77

It has been found that the best way to prevent people from smoking is to stop the behavior before it begins.A type of program that teaches youth to resist pressures from peers or adults to smoke is called

A) avoidance therapy.
B) refusal skills training.
C) desensitization training.
D) eradication therapy.

Question 78

According to your textbook,how many smokers out of ten successful quit smoking long-term?

A) one
B) three
C) five
D) seven

Question 79

If you are overweight or need to quit smoking,you should do all of the following EXCEPT

A) isolate yourself from your friends until you completely change your unhealthy behavior.
B) develop friends in a healthier crowd.
C) decide to start healthier habits and get your friends to join you.
D) learn refusal skills.

Question 80

A program with the greatest likelihood of success in reducing health risks associated with smoking by young people would use

A) aversive conditioning to stop smoking.
B) attitude-change programs to stop smoking.
C) advertising campaigns to encourage smokers to switch to smokeless tobacco.
D) role-playing to resist peer pressure.