Deck 14: D: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

One quarter of American adults suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in any given year.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is especially prevalent in the southern latitudes during the spring and summer months.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Children who eat leaded paint flakes or breathe leaded paint powder can become psychotic or intellectually disabled.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In Rosenhan's experiment in which he and several colleagues had themselves committed to mental hospitals with a diagnosis of "schizophrenia," the staff at the hospital never recognized these phony patients as "phony," although the real patients did see through their pretense.

Question 5

Neurosis is an outdated term not found in the current diagnostic manual that people still use to loosely refer to problems involving excessive anxiety.

Question 6

Schizophrenia may be described as a split personality,in which one of the personalities is hostile and non-conforming and the other is docile and conforming.

Question 7

Catatonic schizophrenia is characterized by a preoccupation with delusions or by frequent auditory hallucinations related to a single theme,especially grandeur or persecution.

Question 8

If Alex has been under a vague but persistent "cloud" of worry and a constant state of nervousness for nearly a year,he would be diagnosed with a conversion disorder.

Question 9

A history of childhood trauma,especially sexual abuse,is found in a high percentage of persons whose personalities split into multiple identities.

Question 10

Barry throws himself into a whirlwind of activity marked by extreme distractibility,rapid shifts in thoughts,constant talking,and restless movement as well as having occasional episodes of deep depression,symptoms which indicate that Barry is suffering from a dysthmic disorder.

Question 11

People suffering from erotomanic delusions typically believe that their bodies are diseased or rotting,or infested with insects or parasites,or that parts of their bodies are defective.

Question 12

MRI scans indicate that persons with schizophrenia tend to have enlarged ventricles,which suggest that the surrounding brain tissue has shrunk.

Question 13

The core feature of all psychopathological behavior is that it causes subjective discomfort.

Question 14

If Kyle believes that every time he hears a car horn honk on the busy street outside his apartment that he is being sent an important coded message from the CIA,he is exhibiting a delusion of reference.

Question 15

"Maternity blues" is another name for the condition known as postpartum depression.

Question 16

In judging normality,social class is probably the most common source of bias.

Question 17

Persons who are housebound and extremely fearful of leaving the security of their own homes suffer from agoraphobia.

Question 18

Pedophilia,exhibitionism,fetishism,voyeurism are types of sexual dysfunctions.

Question 19

Low intelligence is considered a psychological risk factor for developing a mental disorder.

Question 20

Many self-styled reformers,crank letter writers,conspiracy theorists,and "UFO abductees" suffer from the delusional disorder known as paranoid psychosis.

Question 21

Psychodynamic psychologists stress that unhealthy anxiety reflects a loss of meaning in one's life.

Question 22

If you met an individual who appeared to be very charming at first,but later you discovered that he or she manipulated people,caused others hurt without a second thought,and could not be depended on,you should suspect this person of having an antisocial personality disorder.

Question 23

The psychologist who had himself and several colleagues committed to mental hospitals with a diagnosis of "schizophrenia" in order to demonstrate the impact of labeling was __________.

Question 24

Susceptibility to anxiety-based disorders appears to be partly inherited with studies showing that being high strung,nervous,or emotional runs in families.

Question 25

Malcolm was involuntarily committed to a mental hospital because he was found by the court to be unable to manage his affairs.Thus,Malcolm was declared __________.

Question 26

Evan is thoroughly convinced that he is the long-lost son of Elvis Presley even though his parents have for years presented him with evidence to the contrary.Evan's type of delusional disorder involves a(n)__________ delusion.

Question 27

If Joseph experiences very little emotion and has difficulty forming close personal relationships with others,he might be described as having a schizoid personality disorder.

Question 28

If Sarita says that she feels "sick" all the time and has consulted many different doctors regarding her numerous physical complaints and no organic cause can be identified for any of these complaints,Sarita most likely would be diagnosed with a somatization disorder.

Question 29

In order to identify major mood disorders,personality disorders,anxiety disorders,and other psychological problems,mental health professionals in America currently use the fourth edition of a manual known as the __________-IV-TR.

Question 30

Imaginary sensations,such as seeing,hearing,or smelling things that do not exist in the real world are known as __________.

Question 31

In older persons,circulatory problems,repeated strokes,or general shrinkage and atrophy of the brain can cause major disturbances in memory,reasoning,judgment,impulse control,and personality,an organic condition known as __________.

Question 32

People who suffer from Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen by proxy syndrome appear to have a pathological need to seek attention and sympathy from medical professionals.

Question 33

White males 65 years and older are at particular risk for committing suicide.

Question 34

Failure to match one's behavior to widely accepted norms or to the unusual minimum rules for social conduct describes the definition of normality referred to as __________.

Question 35

Humanistic-existential psychologists stress that distorted thinking causes people to magnify ordinary threats and failures,which leads to distress and anxiety.

Question 36

People with a dependent personality disorder constantly seek attention by dramatizing their emotions and actions.

Question 37

Men in Malaysia,Laos,the Philippines,and Polynesia who believe they have been insulted sometimes,after a period of brooding,erupt into an outburst of violent,aggressive,or homicidal behavior randomly directed at people and objects.This culture-bound syndrome is known as __________.

Question 38

Culturally disapproved of behaviors in the past were often given psychological labels with the so-called "mental disorder" that caused slaves in the 1840s to run away from their masters being referred to as __________.

Question 39

Included in the category of dissociative disorders are frightening episodes in which people feel like they are outside of their bodies or behave like robots or are lost in a dream world.An episode such as this is referred to as __________.

Question 40

Asking someone if he or she is thinking of committing suicide is likely to prompt a suicide attempt if the person is truly depressed.

Question 41

Depression is caused by repressed anger that is displaced and turned inward as self-blame and self-hate,according to the __________ theorists.

Question 42

Research has shown that the right combination of inherited potential and environmental stress may produce mind-altering changes in the brain.These changes may cause psychotic behavior and various forms of psychopathology.This is called the __________ model.

Question 43

Exposure to bright lights has been used successfully to treat symptoms of __________ disorder.

Question 44

A person who does not have hallucinations and whose persecutory delusions are about experiences that could occur in real life would most likely be diagnosed with the delusional disorder known as __________.

Question 45

Regarding ethnicity,the highest suicide rate in the United States is among __________ Americans.

Question 46

Tanya has been mildly to moderately depressed for most of the time for over two years and has experienced no psychotic episodes and no mania.Tanya would most likely be diagnosed with the moderate mood disorder called __________ disorder.

Question 47

When her family found her,Sarah was living in Key West,Florida,under the name of Samantha Agnew and working as a sales clerk.Sarah claims that she has no memory of her previous life as a pediatric oncologist in Memphis,Tennessee,who treated young cancer patients.It appears that Sarah wandered away from her home and work after the death of one of her favorite patients.Sarah would be diagnosed with a dissociative __________ disorder.

Question 48

Suicidal thoughts and feelings are most characterized by unbearable psychological pain,frustrated psychological needs,constriction of options,and __________.

Question 49

Anxiety problems are due to individuals building up unrealistic mental images of themselves,which leaves them vulnerable to contradictory information,according to psychologist __________.

Question 50

Anthony needs others to constantly praise him for his taste in clothes,his grades,his good looks,and his charming appeal.He often fantasizes that he is the best looking man on campus,that he is the most intellectual scholar,and that he will become a billionaire soon after graduation.He can be categorized as having a(n)__________ personality disorder.

Question 51

Many researchers believe that schizophrenia is related to the overactivity of the neurotransmitters of glutamate and __________.

Question 52

After witnessing a horrible murder,Susan has become "blind" even though there is nothing wrong with her eyes,and she should be able to see.Susan is suffering from a somatoform condition known as a(n)__________ disorder.

Question 53

According to the textbook,the closest match for "nervous breakdown" would be a(n)__________ disorder.

Question 54

John views a cough as a sign of pneumonia and a little indigestion as an ulcer.John most likely has the somatoform disorder known as __________.

Question 55

Lisa has an intense,irrational fear of being observed,evaluated,embarrassed,or humiliated by others in everyday situations,which prevents her from eating or speaking in public.Lisa has an anxiety disorder known as a(n)__________.

Question 56

Terri has been extremely sad,despondent,and guilt-ridden for over a year.In addition to this deep depression,she has also had two episodes of hypomania,in which she went on whirlwind spending sprees.Terri would most likely to be diagnosed with __________disorder.

Question 57

The type of schizophrenia that is sometimes called hebephrenic schizophrenia and closely matches the stereotyped images of "madness" seen in movies is __________ schizophrenia.

Question 58

Children are more likely to develop schizophrenia if their mothers,during the middle of their pregnancies,were exposed to the influenza (flu)virus or to __________.

Question 59

A person who lacks a conscience; is impulsive,selfish,dishonest,emotionally shallow,and manipulative; and is sometimes called a sociopath or psychopath would be diagnosed with a(n)__________ personality disorder.

Question 60

A psychologist who treats phobic disorders by focusing on the client's distorted patterns of thinking is using the __________ approach.

Question 61

Discuss the different ways of defining abnormality and the shortcomings of each; describe the
core feature of all abnormal behavior; and explain in what setting the term insanity is used.

Question 62

Discuss the major features of psychotic disorders,including a description of the six types of
delusions.

Question 63

A friend of yours mistakenly thinks that a person with multiple personalities and a person with schizophrenia have the same condition.Explain to your friend why these two conditions are different.

Question 64

List the current manual that is used by mental health professionals in the U.S.to classify
mental disorders,explain the advantages of using this approach and how the new edition of
this manual will be different from the present one,and discuss the dangers in psychiatric
labeling,including the findings of Rosenhan's study.

Question 65

Explain the reasons why gender can affect the development of depression,and describe the symptoms and causes of "maternity blues" and postpartum depression.

Question 66

Contrast the psychodynamic,humanistic,existential,behavioral,and cognitive views of anxiety and anxiety disorders.

Question 67

Describe delusional disorders,including the different types of delusions individuals with this
disorder usually have; and explain how delusional disorder differs from other types of
psychotic disorders,especially schizophrenia.

Question 68

A friend of yours mistakenly thinks that an antisocial personality disorder refers to a shy person.Explain to your friend why he or she is wrong.Discuss the true characteristics of an antisocial personality disorder,and explain what personality disorder a "shy person" is more likely to have.

Question 69

Discuss why people try to kill themselves,what signs to look for,and how you can help
prevent a suicide.

Question 70

Discuss what genetic,prenatal conditions,birth complications,and types of communication
patterns within families have been found to be related to the development schizophrenia.