Deck 15: C: Therapies

Question 1

Joseph is a retired carpenter and the father of one of the counselors in the mental health program.Joseph volunteers his time at the mental health center to teach crafts during the day programs.The clients find him very warm and understanding.Joseph would be considered a(n)

A) social work intern.
B) paraprofessional.
C) psychiatric orderly.
D) occupational therapist.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Regarding half-way houses,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Halfway houses offer supervision and support to people with mental illness without being as restrictive or medically-oriented as hospitals.
B) Halfway houses can reduce a person's chances of being readmitted to a hospital.
C) Halfway houses help patients with mental illness become more independent.
D) Halfway houses are long-term group living facilities for patients with mental illness.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In a national survey,approximately how many people who sought mental health care say that their lives improved as a result of the treatment?

A) three out of 10
B) five out of 10
C) seven out of 10
D) nine out of 10

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In practice,community mental health centers have

A) concentrated more on providing clinical services than on prevention.
B) been unable to make mental health services accessible to the community.
C) not been able to use paraprofessionals because of community distrust.
D) been more highly funded than hospital services offered by the community.

Question 5

Regarding the effectiveness of therapy,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) In a national survey, it was found that only five out of ten people who have sought mental health care say their lives improved as a result of the treatment.
B) Someone who feels better after six months of therapy may have experienced a spontaneous remission.
C) Studies have shown that some therapies are more effective for specific disorders.
D) When experiments are used to determine the effectiveness of therapies, a waiting-list control group is often used.

Question 6

According to your textbook,which of the following is NOT one of the typical services provided by community mental health centers?

A) counseling
B) prevention of mental illness
C) crisis intervention
D) short-term impatient care

Question 7

Regarding community mental health centers,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) These centers try to minimize hospitalization and find answers to mental health problems.
B) These centers provide short-term inpatient care.
C) These centers have succeeded in making psychological services more accessible to the general public.
D) These centers provide special crisis and emergency services.

Question 8

Regarding community mental health centers,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) In practice, community mental health centers have concentrated much more on preventing mental illness than in providing clinical services.
B) Some centers have attempted to raise the general level of mental health in communities by combating unemployment, delinquency, and drug abuse.
C) Many of the programs at community mental health centers rely on paraprofessionals.
D) Community mental health centers provide special crisis and emergency services.

Question 9

Skilled management of a psychological emergency is referred to as

A) crisis intervention.
B) ECT.
C) EMDR.
D) deinstitutionalization.

Question 10

One of the main goals of community mental health centers is an emphasis on

A) serving as half-way houses for patients reentering society.
B) the prevention of psychological problems.
C) improved training for psychiatric workers.
D) the revolving-door policy in mental health.

Question 11

When people say that they feel better after six months of therapy,it could be the result of the therapy or the result of

A) a spontaneous remission.
B) a therapy placebo effect.
C) the person receiving help from other people, such as family, friends, or clergy.
D) any of these.

Question 12

When well-run,which of the following can be a humane and cost-effective way to ease former mental patients back into the community?

A) deinstitutionalizations
B) half-way houses
C) encounter groups
D) somatic therapy groups

Question 13

Regarding half-way houses,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Halfway houses are designed to ease a patient's return to the community.
B) Halfway houses are helpful in keeping patients close to their families.
C) Halfway houses can reduce a person's chances of being readmitted to a hospital.
D) Halfway houses are examples of partial hospitalization.

Question 14

Individuals who work in a near-professional capacity under the supervision of a more highly trained person in providing psychological services are called

A) paraprofessionals.
B) psycholinguists.
C) psychiatric orderlies.
D) psychiatric social workers.

Question 15

Tabor,an ex-addict,now works in the mental health program that he once attended.For the new clients coming to this drug program,Tabor,who has "been there," tends to be more approachable than the doctors.Tabor is a

A) psychiatric resident.
B) paraprofessional.
C) psychiatric orderly.
D) psychiatric social worker.

Question 16

Crisis intervention involves

A) skilled management of an ongoing, long-term psychological problem.
B) skilled management of a psychological emergency.
C) the use of partial hospitalization instead of institutionalization.
D) the use of halfway houses rather than hospitalization.

Question 17

Which of the following are facilities that offer a wide range of mental health services,such as out-patient care,counseling,consultation,crisis intervention,and suicide prevention?

A) half-way houses
B) partial hospitalization units
C) community mental health centers
D) large group awareness programs

Question 18

Providing short-term clinical services and preventing emotional problems from occurring are the main goals of

A) pharmacotherapy.
B) REBT.
C) community mental health programs.
D) large group awareness programs.

Question 19

Regarding the use of paraprofessionals for mental health services,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Paraprofessionals are individuals who work in a near-professional capacity under the supervision of more highly trained staff.
B) Some paraprofessionals are ex-addicts, ex-alcoholics, or ex-patients who have "been there."
C) Some paraprofessionals are persons (paid or volunteer) who have skills in tutoring, crafts, or counseling and are skilled at communication.
D) Paraprofessional are often mistrusted by the clients and seen as less approachable than the "doctors."

Question 20

One way to alleviate the severe shortage of people working in mental health occupations is to

A) encourage people to enter the field as paraprofessionals.
B) encourage psychiatrists to take on bigger case loads.
C) remove the emphasis on preventative mental health services so the seriously disturbed can be attended to.
D) simply pay these professionals what they are worth.

Question 21

When experiments are used to determine whether therapy is effective,

A) it is not unusual for the control group to show some improvement, even without receiving therapy.
B) the therapy can be deemed effective only if the experimental group shows more improvement than the control group.
C) a waiting-list control group is used since it would be unethical to withhold treatment from someone who really needs therapy.
D) all of these can occur.

Question 22

Regarding the effectiveness of therapy,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The existential approach has been shown to be the most effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) People often suffer for several years before seeking mental health services.
C) Because of the high costs and limited insurance coverage, the average client receives only five therapy sessions, after which only 20 percent felt better.
D) The majority of clients improve after six months of therapy.

Question 23

Jerome is in an experiment to determine the effectiveness of therapy.He is in the group who have not seen a therapist but who will eventually receive therapy.Jerome is part of the __________ group.

A) role reversal
B) therapy placebo
C) waiting-list control
D) spontaneous remission

Question 24

When experiments are used to determine whether therapy is effective,the therapy can be deemed effective only if the

A) control group shows improvement, but the experimental group shows none.
B) waiting list group shows dramatic improvement over the experimental and control groups.
C) experimental group shows more improvement than the control group.
D) experimental and waiting list groups show improvement and the control group shows no improvement.

Question 25

Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy suggests that

A) for some people, therapy is tremendously helpful.
B) for some people, therapy is unsuccessful.
C) overall, therapy is effective for more people than not.
D) all of these statements are true.

Question 26

Which types of therapies rely on guidelines developed through clinical practice and from research experiments?

A) intuitive-based
B) evidence-based
C) psychodynamic
D) existentially-supported

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychotherapy?

A) finding purpose
B) learning to approach problems rationally
C) learning to repress one's emotions
D) restoring hope, courage, and optimism

Question 28

In order to determine whether therapy is effective,we could randomly assign a group of clients into an experimental group and a(n)__________ group.

A) waiting-list control
B) spontaneous remission control
C) therapy placebo effect
D) preprofessional treatment

Question 29

To achieve its eight goals,psychotherapies offer

A) the therapeutic alliance.
B) a protected setting in which emotional catharsis can take place.
C) a rationale for the client's suffering.
D) all of these.

Question 30

Goals of psychotherapy include

A) mending interpersonal relations.
B) improving one's sense of self.
C) restoring a sense of hope and optimism to clients.
D) all of these.

Question 31

A major development involves attempting to identify "empirically-supported therapies," which are therapies that are

A) regarded by renowned experts in psychology as the most effective therapies.
B) regarded by the public and insurance companies as the most effective therapies.
C) computer-guided sessions that help individuals to identify problems and form plans of action.
D) validated through research experiments and clinical practice.

Question 32

According to recent research,three of the following therapies were shown to be the most effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder.Which was NOT one of these three?

A) drug therapy
B) behavioral therapy
C) cognitive therapy
D) client-centered therapy

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT likely to be a goal of psychotherapy?

A) gaining insight
B) personality reorganization
C) resolution of conflicts
D) change in undesirable behaviors

Question 34

To show the effectiveness of therapies,which of the following would be used as the control group?

A) people currently receiving therapy
B) people recently released from therapy
C) people on a waiting list to receive therapy
D) people randomly selected from the population

Question 35

About 50 percent of psychotherapy patients say they feel better after how many one-hour weekly sessions?

A) five to seven
B) eight to 10
C) 13 to 18
D) 25 to 30

Question 36

Which of the following is a caring relationship that unites a therapist and a client in working to solve the client's problems?

A) a therapeutic alliance
B) cathartic bonding
C) the mirror effect
D) reciprocal determination

Question 37

When clinicians use "empirically-supported" therapies,they will do all of the following EXCEPT

A) rely mainly on intuition in the selection of therapies for specific disorders.
B) seek guidance from research experiments.
C) have a better understanding of which therapies "work" best for specific types of problems.
D) weed out fringe "therapies" that have little or no value.

Question 38

Research shows that after 13 to 18 weekly one-hour therapy sessions,about what percent of clients feel better?

A) 10 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 39

Because of high costs and limited insurance coverage,the average patient receives only

A) three therapy sessions after which less than one percent feel better.
B) five therapy sessions after which only 20 percent feel better.
C) nine therapy sessions after which only 45 percent feel better.
D) 12 therapy sessions after which about 75 percent feel better.

Question 40

Regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) There is ample evidence that suggests that therapy is beneficial for most people.
B) Nearly nine out of ten people reported improved lives as a result of therapy.
C) Therapy is not equally effective for all people.
D) The results of therapy for people with the same problems can be expected to be the same.

Question 41

Jan's therapist uses an insight therapy in helping Jan to deal with her fears and anxieties.Her therapist is intent on having Jan focus on her immediate awareness and not indulge in the past.Jan's therapist is most likely a

A) psychoanalyst.
B) Gestalt therapist.
C) behavior therapist.
D) cognitive therapist.

Question 42

Master therapists have been found to share certain characteristics,such as

A) developing their own subjective theories.
B) drawing on their experiences in working with similar problems.
C) having experienced mental problems themselves.
D) having a Type-A personality.

Question 43

A shared responsibility for dealing with problems is encouraged by __________ therapy.

A) family
B) existential
C) cognitive
D) behavior

Question 44

The strength of rational-emotive behavior therapy involves

A) acceptance and empathy.
B) shared responsibility for problems.
C) a clarity of thinking and goals.
D) its emphasis on the resolution of "unfinished business."

Question 45

Those who enter formal psychotherapy can expect all of the following EXCEPT

A) a chance to practice new behaviors.
B) a setting for the free expression of emotions without fear of rejection or loss of confidentiality.
C) an explanation and rationale for one's suffering.
D) a setting for insightful personality reorganization.

Question 46

An individual,action-oriented,directive therapy that is known for providing constructive guidance is __________ therapy.

A) Gestalt
B) existential
C) cognitive
D) brief psychodynamic

Question 47

Which of the following involves emotional rapport,warmth,friendship,understanding,acceptance,and empathy and unites the client and therapist as they work together to solve the client's problems?

A) therapeutic alliance
B) cathartic bonding
C) mirror effect
D) reciprocal determination

Question 48

Which directive approach is used both in individual and group therapies,and focuses on a person's immediate awareness?

A) Gestalt therapy
B) psychodrama
C) rational-emotive behavior therapy
D) brief psychodynamic therapy

Question 49

In terms of its approach,which of the following types of psychotherapy is considered a non-directive therapy?

A) psychoanalysis
B) client-centered therapy
C) Gestalt therapy
D) brief psychodynamic therapy

Question 50

Eclectic therapists

A) tend to use an insight, non-directive approach.
B) tend to use an action-oriented, confrontive approach.
C) use whatever methods best fit a particular problem.
D) evaluate individuals before they take part in an encounter group.

Question 51

Because therapies have much in common,a majority of psychologists have begun to use whatever methods best fit a particular problem.Thus,regarding their work,a majority of psychologists have become more

A) existential.
B) humanistic.
C) eclectic.
D) cognitive.

Question 52

Personal empowerment is the strength of the insight therapy known as

A) existential therapy.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) behavior therapy.
D) psychodrama.

Question 53

Constructive reenactments are provided by

A) psychodrama.
B) existential therapy.
C) psychoanalysis.
D) brief psychodynamic therapy.

Question 54

Which of the following has been shown by research to have the greatest impact on whether therapy succeeds?

A) the amount of emotional catharsis that takes place
B) the strength of the therapeutic alliance
C) whether an explanation or rationale is found for the client's suffering
D) whether the client is given a chance to practice new behaviors in a real-life setting

Question 55

Jared's therapist uses an action therapy to help Jared to manage his anger.The therapist expects to see observable changes in Jared's reactions to frustrations and disappointments that in the past led to violent outbursts.Jared's therapist is most likely a

A) psychoanalyst.
B) Gestalt therapist.
C) behavior therapist.
D) client-centered therapist.

Question 56

Dr.Guerillmo uses whatever methods best fit a client's particular problem and often seeks to combine the best elements of various therapies in all aspects of his therapy.Dr.Guerillmo would be considered a(n)__________ therapist.

A) existential
B) convergent
C) eclectic
D) divergent

Question 57

Which of the following therapies is considered a nondirective therapy whose strength involves acceptance and empathy?

A) behavior therapy
B) client-centered therapy
C) family therapy
D) Gestalt therapy

Question 58

Which type of individual,insight,directive psychotherapy has as its strength that of "searching honesty"?

A) existential
B) Gestalt
C) psychoanalytic
D) client-centered

Question 59

Which type of psychotherapy is an insight therapy whose strength is the productive use of conflict?

A) existential
B) Gestalt
C) brief psychodynamic
D) cognitive

Question 60

Which is NOT a characteristic of all psychotherapies?

A) Therapy provides clients with a new perspective about themselves.
B) The emphasis of all therapies is placed on past experiences.
C) A protected setting is offered for working out problems.
D) A rationale for the client's suffering and a proposed line of action to end the suffering is offered.

Question 61

When you are using the counseling skill known as reflection,you

A) give feedback by simply restating what was said.
B) ask open-ended questions.
C) encourage catharsis by eliciting defensiveness in the person you are counseling.
D) do all of these.

Question 62

Which of the following behaviors could you exhibit that would help another person to solve a personal problem?

A) judging and moralizing
B) reflecting feelings
C) probing painful topics
D) criticism of conduct

Question 63

Teams of psychologists and counselors are often assembled to provide support to victims of major accidents and natural disasters.Because their work is stressful and often heart
Wrenching,relief workers also benefit from on-site counseling.Thus,the major elements of
Disaster counseling involve

A) identifying problems and planning solutions.
B) expressing emotions and talking about feelings.
C) asking open-ended questions and clarifying problems.
D) giving advice and maintaining channels for follow-up.

Question 64

In counseling a friend,you are most likely to experience the "Yes,but" game,according to Eric Berne,if you

A) use closed questions.
B) give advice.
C) use reflection.
D) fail to maintain confidentiality.

Question 65

Research has shown that effective therapists have

A) more cognitive and less social skills.
B) the ability to create a working alliance.
C) dealt with their own mental health problems.
D) one or two specific "tried-and-true" types of treatment they use.

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT an effective counseling skill?

A) asking closed questions
B) pausing five seconds or more before responding to the person
C) accepting the person's frame of reference
D) giving feedback by restating what the person has said

Question 67

Darnell's friend has just broken up with his girlfriend and appears depressed.Which of the following statements should Darnell use to effectively counsel his friend?

A) "Cheer up, there are plenty of girls at this college.Just go ask another one out."
B) "Go buy some flowers and surprise her.She'll take you back."
C) "You're better off without her.She was a nag, and she was spending all of your money."
D) "How are you feeling about breaking up with her?"

Question 68

Regarding the characteristics of an effective therapist,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) An effective therapist is an enthusiastic learner and values complexity and ambiguity.
B) An effective therapist is mentally healthy and mature and nurtures their own emotional well-being.
C) An effective therapist has strong social skills and expertly uses these skills in therapy.
D) An effective therapist utilizes a directive, insight-oriented approach regarding conflict resolution issues.

Question 69

In counseling a friend,which of the following would NOT be one of your goals?

A) providing advice regarding a solution for your friend's problem
B) helping to clarify your friend's problem
C) maintaining confidentiality
D) accepting your friend's frame of reference

Question 70

Ashley is counseling her best friend who says she is depressed.Ashley asks her friend if she feels depressed just at school or if she feels this way in other situations.Ashley is using which basic counseling skill?

A) giving advice
B) clarifying the problem
C) imposing her view of reality on the problem
D) keeping the conversation going with absolutely no silence

Question 71

Which of the following would be a behavior that would help if you were providing support and comfort to a friend in distress?

A) helping the friend to place blame on the persons who upset him or her
B) using open-ended questions and supportive statements
C) probing painful topics to produce catharsis
D) showing impatience to encourage your friend to stop feeling "sorry" for him or herself

Question 72

Which of the following is listed as an effective counseling skill in your text?

A) Focus on trying to understand the cause of the person's behavior.
B) Provide generous advice coupled with multiple solutions to the person's problems.
C) Ask open-ended questions to encourage a free expression of the person's ideas.
D) Keep the conversation going with absolutely no silence.

Question 73

Your friend,Kiki,comes to you with a personal problem.The first thing you should do to counsel her is to

A) give her advice on what she should do.
B) ask a lot of questions to get her talking.
C) tell her what you would do in her situation.
D) actively listen to try to clarify the problem.

Question 74

Your friend Linda comes to you with a personal problem.Which of the following behaviors should you AVOID?

A) pauses longer that a couple of seconds
B) saying she is really at fault for her own problems
C) paraphrasing her statements into your words
D) asking open-ended questions

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT an effective counseling skill?

A) active listening
B) focusing on feelings
C) providing advice and several solutions to the person's problem
D) accepting the person's perception of the world

Question 76

Your friend has just confided in you that she has failed a test.Which of the following statements would be the most helpful?

A) "If you study a little more, I'm sure you will do better."
B) "That teacher gives the hardest tests and is so unfair."
C) "I failed a test my first year, too.You'll get over it."
D) "You must be feeling very frustrated."

Question 77

The basic counseling skill of accepting the person's frame of reference involves all of the following EXCEPT

A) trying to understand the person's viewpoint.
B) not imposing your opinions on the person seeking help.
C) examining the person's problem through your own experiences.
D) recognizing that there is no one "correct" perspective.

Question 78

Anna tells her friend Jeffrey that she is thinking about "dropping out of college." Jeffrey asks her,"Are you having trouble with your science and math courses? Did you talk to your instructors? Are you having trouble with your boyfriend?" Jeffrey's attempts to help might be more successful if he

A) asked more specific closed questions.
B) explained how he studied for his college classes.
C) told some of Anna's female friends about her problems so they could help her.
D) refrained from doing any of these.

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT an example of a behavior that would help if you were providing support and counseling to a friend?

A) acceptance
B) respect and genuineness
C) helping to establish blame
D) paraphrasing and reflecting

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT an example of a behavior that would help if you were providing support and counseling to a friend?

A) supportive statements
B) use of reflection
C) probing painful topics
D) paraphrasing