Deck 15: D: Therapies

Question 1

The brief psychodynamic therapy that was first developed to help people with depression by improving their relationships with others is called existential therapy.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Humane treatment for the mentally ill was brought about by the work of Philippe Pinel,who literally unchained the "patients" in European asylums in 1793.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

EMDR is a behavioral therapy that involves having clients visualize upsetting images,while watching a pencil being moved side-to-side before their eyes.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to Sigmund Freud,when a client suddenly begins to whine and argue and treat the therapist like he does his mother,the process of resistance is occurring.

Question 5

Systematic desensitization is based on the operant conditioning principles of stimulus control and nonreinforcement.

Question 6

Since cognitive and behavioral therapies directly change troublesome thoughts and actions,these therapies would be considered insight therapies.

Question 7

During the Middle Ages,the treatment for abnormal behavior was exorcism,which often involved physical torture in order to make the body an inhospitable place for the devil to reside.

Question 8

Rogers stated that a good therapist should be able to see and feel what the client is experiencing,a quality he called unconditional positive regard.

Question 9

Victor Frankl based his logotherapy on experiences he had as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp.

Question 10

Jack considers himself to be a total failure in every aspect of his life because he failed one college class,a distortion of thinking that cognitive therapists call overgeneralization.

Question 11

Usually the most effective token economies are those that gradually switch from tokens to social rewards.

Question 12

Desensitization can be completed in one session for some fears,such as riding in an elevator.

Question 13

Therapists in the positive psychology movement use techniques designed to enhance personal strengths rather than "fix" weaknesses.

Question 14

Cognitive therapy has been found to be as effective as drugs for treating many cases of depression.

Question 15

In the A-B-C analysis of rational-emotive behavior therapy,the letters stand for action,behavior,and catharsis.

Question 16

Denny,a 17-year-old college student,is playing online poker and believes that his losses must be followed by wins,so he doubles his bet because of this cognitive distortion known as the gambler's fallacy.

Question 17

Roger Vogler and his associates have found response-contingent shocks to be effective in helping alcoholics to stop drinking by linking the use of alcohol with immediate discomfort.

Question 18

Gestalt therapists are more directive and less insight-oriented than client-centered or existential therapists.

Question 19

If ignoring children's temper tantrums causes them to cease,a psychologist would call this effect negative reinforcement.

Question 20

Anxiolytics are types of drugs used to reduce hallucinations and delusions.

Question 21

Therapy in the future will likely include more therapy provided by lower cost master's-level practitioners and a greater reliance on group therapies and self-help groups run by paraprofessionals.

Question 22

As a physician in Vienna,Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis to treat people who suffered from physical symptoms,such as paralysis or numbness,for which no physical cause was found.Today,problems,such as these,are called somatoform disorders,but Freud referred to these disorders as __________.

Question 23

Commercial telephone and Internet therapists have to be credentialed and licensed just like face-to-face therapists as well as holding licensure in all 50 states in the U.S.and in Canada.

Question 24

Clients assume responsibility for solving their own problems,while the therapist assists,but does not guide or give advice in therapies that are considered __________.

Question 25

During self-directed desensitization,when one reaches a card that cannot be visualized without becoming tense in three attempts,one skips this card and proceeds to the next one.

Question 26

Clients who like their therapists make more progress during therapy than those who do not like their therapists.

Question 27

In client-centered therapy,the process of rephrasing or repeating thoughts and feelings expressed by clients so they can become aware of what they are saying is known as __________.

Question 28

During the Middle Ages,a grain fungus,which was a natural source of LSD,produced psychotic symptoms in unsuspecting people when they ate rye bread tainted with it.This psychotic-like condition caused by the fungus-poisoning was called __________.

Question 29

Therapies that tend to focus on issues of death,freedom,isolation,and meaninglessness would be classified as __________ therapies.

Question 30

In counseling a friend,you are most likely to experience the "Yes,but" game,according to Eric Berne,if you use reflection.

Question 31

Lee Ann's psychotherapist draws attention to Lee Ann's posture,voice,and gestures in order to help Lee Ann to become fully aware of her feelings so she can "take care of unfinished business." Lee Ann's therapist is most likely a(n)__________ psychotherapist.

Question 32

Hans Eysenck suggested that psychoanalysis simply takes so long that patients improve due to the mere passage of time,that is,they experience a(n)__________.

Question 33

In a national survey,nearly nine out of ten people who have sought mental health care say their lives improved as a result of the treatment.

Question 34

Felipe is asked by his therapist to relax and talk about any thoughts that come into his head,letting his thoughts move freely from one idea to the next.Felipe's therapist is using the Freudian technique known as __________.

Question 35

Helping to guide clients to a deeper understanding of the origins of their thoughts,emotions,and behaviors is the goal of psychodynamic and humanistic therapies,both of which are considered __________ therapies.

Question 36

A primitive procedure that was used to "release evil spirits" and consisted of boring,chipping,or bashing holes in the patients' heads was called __________.

Question 37

Personal empowerment is the strength of existential therapy,while a focus on one's immediate awareness is the strength of Gestalt therapy.

Question 38

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)has been shown to be effective for paranoid psychosis and schizophrenia,when these disorders do not respond to any other treatments.

Question 39

Many former mental patients who were deinstitutionalized have become homeless or are repeatedly jailed for minor crimes.

Question 40

A therapy in which clients act out personal conflicts and feelings in the presence of others,who play supporting roles,is called psychodrama.

Question 41

A group of people who share a particular type of problem and provide mutual support to one
another is known as a(n)________ group.

Question 42

Gradually approaching a feared stimulus while maintaining relaxation describes the therapy technique known as __________.

Question 43

Adapting traditional theories and techniques to meet the needs of clients from non-European ethnic and racial groups and treating members of racial and ethnic communities as individuals are abilities exhibited by __________ therapists.

Question 44

In order to help Andy see how his words and gestures appear aggressive to others,the therapist in Andy's psychodrama group has Andy join the audience and two other members of the group play Andy and the person he is talking with.This technique is known as the __________ technique.

Question 45

In order to reduce the time he spends watching TV,Greg vividly imagines himself failing an important exam because he watched too much TV instead of studying.Greg is using the self-management behavior technique known as __________.

Question 46

The reduced use of full-time commitment to mental hospitals for the treatment of mental disorders is referred to as __________.

Question 47

A caring relationship that unites a therapist and a client in working to solve the client's problems is referred to as the __________.

Question 48

Some of the disadvantages of distance therapies have been overcome by technology that
provides a two-way audio-video link,which allows a client and therapist to see one another on
computer monitors and to talk via speakerphones.This widely available and inexpensive
technology is called _________.

Question 49

A type of psychosurgery that involves disconnecting the frontal sections of the cortex from other areas of the brain is called a(n)prefrontal __________.

Question 50

Maggie's fear of flying is treated by exposing her through a headset to a three-dimensional,computer-generated "world" in which she can experience walking onto a plane,being seated,and taking off.This computerized environment that responds to Maggie's head movements is part of a behavioral therapy known as __________.

Question 51

You place a rubber band around your wrist.Every time you catch yourself engaging in negative self-talk,you "pop" the rubber band as mild punishment.This self-management behavioral technique is known as __________.

Question 52

The use of classical or operant conditioning to directly alter human responses is known as __________.

Question 53

Rational-emotive behavior therapy was developed by __________.

Question 54

An elementary school teacher practically ends classroom discipline problems by giving
students "chances" in a lottery to be held at the end of the week for some small toy.The
students have chances taken away if they break various rules.The students are participating
in an operant conditioning system known as a(n)__________.

Question 55

A new medical technique that uses magnetic pulses to temporarily block activity in specific
parts of the brain and has been shown to be effective in the treatment of compulsive gambling
and obsessive-compulsive disorder is called __________.

Question 56

An approach that utilizes classical conditioning in helping individuals suppress an undesirable response by associating it with uncomfortable stimuli is called __________ therapy.

Question 57

Patrick and Mike are brothers who are fighting over a new toy.Their mother sends them to separate rooms until they can calm down and agree to share the toy and play "nicely." Mother is using the operant conditioning technique known as ____________________.

Question 58

Major tranquilizers are also referred to as __________ drugs.

Question 59

Although Micah made a good grade on her psychology test,received a pay raise at her part-time job,and had her car repaired for very little money,she dwells on the rebuff of a friend.According to Aaron Beck,Micah is illustrating the cognitive distortion known as __________.

Question 60

A group in which the participants take part in exercises,such as "trust walks" that gently
enlarge self-awareness is called a(n)__________ group.

Question 61

Discuss the history of how mental illness has been treated from the Stone Age,through the
Middle Ages until Pinel's work in France,include the approaches used and which mental
disorders that their "patients" were probably suffering from.

Question 62

Regarding behavior modification,explain how aversion therapy and systematic desensitization are both based on classical conditioning,and list and describe the six operant principles most often used by behavior therapists to deal with human behavior.

Question 63

Discuss the various types of distant therapies,including how they can be helpful and harmful
to the public,the APA's recommendation for media psychologists,and the advantages and
limitations of the different types.

Question 64

Describe whether each of the following therapies-psychoanalysis,brief psychodynamic
therapy,client-centered therapy,existential therapy,Gestalt therapy,behavioral therapies,
Beck's cognitive therapy,and Ellis' REBT-would be: (1)classified as either insight therapies
or action therapies and why; (2)whether each of the therapies would be considered directive
or non-directive and why; (3)whether each therapy is usually conducted individually or
conducted both individually and in groups; and (4)list the major strength of each type of
therapy.

Question 65

Describe the four basic techniques used in Freudian psychoanalysis,and explain the purpose of each.

Question 66

Discuss deinstitutionalization,including what it was meant to accomplish,the problems that have resulted for the mentally ill,and some workable alternatives.

Question 67

Your friend is going through a break-up with her boyfriend.Describe how you can best counsel your friend by discussing the nine guidelines

Question 68

Compare the three humanistic therapies of client-centered therapy,existential therapy,and Gestalt therapy,including how each promotes personal growth and the major techniques used in each.

Question 69

Explain how Albert Ellis uses his A-B-C analysis in rational-emotive behavior therapy,list the three core ideas from which most irrational beliefs originate,and describe how REBT therapists would attempt to change these beliefs.

Question 70

You are preoccupied by the negative thought that "you will fail every test you take in college." How could you use thought-stopping to reduce the occurrence of this negative thought?