Deck 20: Appendix B: Behavioral Statistics

Question 1

A bell-shaped distribution,with a large number of scores in the middle,tapering to very few extremely high and low scores is known as a negatively-skewed curve.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

For the numbers 10,16,3,7,and 17,the range is 14.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

After administering a unit test to her psychology students,a college professor calculates the mean and range for this test in order to better understand the performance of her students on the material in this unit.This professor is using inferential statistics.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Ninety-five percent of all cases are found between a standard deviation of +2 and a standard deviation of -2 on a normal curve.

Question 5

Vertical bars are used to indicate frequencies in a frequency polygon.

Question 6

A frequency distribution is made by breaking down the entire range of possible scores into classes of equal size and then recording the number of scores falling into each class.

Question 7

If your psychology test scores include 100,100,100,80,and 70,then the mean is 90.

Question 8

The three basic types of descriptive statistics are graphical statistics,measures of central tendency,and measures of variability.

Question 9

Direct measurement has shown such characteristics as height,memory span,and intelligence to be distributed approximately along a normal curve.

Question 10

The median is very sensitive to extremely high or low scores.

Question 11

The simplest way of visualizing a correlation is to construct a scatter diagram.

Question 12

Ten music majors take a 20-point quiz on the musical scales.Their scores were as follows:
12,13,15,15,16,16,17,18,19,20.The median of these scores is 16.

Question 13

If two students take psychology midterms,but in different classes,it is impossible to tell whether each student scored at the top,middle,or bottom of their classes unless you know what the average score was on each test.

Question 14

The relationship of the standard deviation to the normal curve makes it possible to compare groups of scores if they come from distributions that are approximately normal.

Question 15

The index of how much a typical score differs from the mean of a group of scores is known as the Pearson r.

Question 16

A correlational study would be used to determine if a relationship existed between rainfall levels and crime rates.

Question 17

Given these scores 40,40,30,50,30,20,40,20,50,40,the mode is 30.

Question 18

If the mean on a test is 90 and the standard deviation is 10,a person with a z-score of -1.0 scored 110 on the test.

Question 19

The fewer absences that students have,the higher their grade point average.This illustrates a negative relationship.

Question 20

Measures of variability provide a single score that describes how scattered or "spread out" a distribution of scores is.

Question 21

From the data Jasmine has collected,she breaks down the entire range of possible scores into classes of equal size and then records the number of scores falling into each class onto a table to form what is known as a(n)___________.

Question 22

In order to determine how much two means must differ for this difference to be considered "real and not due to chance,we must use a procedure known as percent variance.

Question 23

Often,two correlated measures are related as a result of the influence of a third variable.

Question 24

A correlation of +1.00 or -1.00 means that 100 percent of the variation in the Y measure is accounted for by knowing the X measure.

Question 25

Given these scores 22,44,33,55,33,22,44,22,55,22,the mode is __________.

Question 26

Five hundred students out of the 4,000 students at Meridian Community College are surveyed regarding their views on extracurricular activities available on campus.These 500 students would be considered the population in this survey.

Question 27

The range and standard deviation are measures of __________.

Question 28

The type of statistics that is used to summarize numerical data is called ___________ statistics.

Question 29

The three basic types of descriptive statistics include measures of central tendency,measures of variability,and __________ statistics.

Question 30

A graph of a frequency distribution in which the number of scores falling in each class is represented by points on a line is called a(n)__________.

Question 31

If higher environmental temperature is related to higher anger levels in people,then a positive relationship exists between the environmental temperature and people's anger levels.

Question 32

The Jones have five children aged 3,5,7,10 and 12.The median age of the Jones children is __________.

Question 33

An effective way to make sure that a sample is representative is to use random selection.

Question 34

Inferential statistics allow us to generalize from the behavior of small groups of participants to that of the larger groups they represent.

Question 35

Results of an experiment that have a chance probability of .05 are usually regarded as statistically significant.

Question 36

After administering a unit test to her psychology students,a college professor calculates the mean and range for this test in order to better understand the performance of her students on the material in this unit.This professor is using __________statistics.

Question 37

Professor Waters calculated the mean,median,and mode of the scores made on the midterm exam.These descriptive statistics are known as the measures of __________.

Question 38

A bar graph of a frequency distribution is known as a(n)__________.

Question 39

Correlations allow us to determine causation between two variables.

Question 40

If one calculates a correlation of -1.15,this coefficient of correlation indicates a strong negative relationship.

Question 41

If you find the difference of each score from the mean of a set of data,square each difference,and then add these squared deviations,average them,and take the square root of this average,you will obtain the __________.

Question 42

Dr.Rodriquez discovers that the more education people have,the more money they tend to earn.Dr.Rodriquez has illustrated a(n)__________ correlation.

Question 43

To conclude that a cause-and-effect relationship exists,we must use a(n)__________.

Question 44

An estimate of how often experimental results could have occurred by chance alone are provided by using tests of __________.

Question 45

Three hundred students at Meridian Community College are surveyed regarding their views on the new cafeteria menus.In this study,all 4,000 students at Meridian Community College would be considered the __________.

Question 46

If the mean of a test is 80 and the standard deviation is 10,a person with a z-score of -2.0 on a test scored __________.

Question 47

For his study,Guy has chosen the most commonly used correlation coefficient,which is the __________.

Question 48

If a correlation is +1.00,then the relationship that exists would be referred to as a(n)__________ positive relationship.

Question 49

In psychology,an experimental result would be considered significant if it had a probability of __________ or less.

Question 50

Groups of scores from distributions that are approximately normal can be compared because the relationship does not change between the normal curve and the __________.

Question 51

In order to convert a number to z-score,it is necessary within a group of scores to know the standard deviation and the __________.

Question 52

Juanita has determined the relationship between her vocabulary screening test and her students' reading scores to be .60.The percent of variance in reading scores that is accounted for by knowing the students' scores on the screening test would be __________ percent.

Question 53

On a normal curve,the percent of all cases found between a z-score of +1 and a z-score of -1 is __________ percent.

Question 54

For the numbers 10,17,2,9,and 15,the range is __________.

Question 55

The existence of a consistent,systematic relationship between two events,measures,or variables is called a(n)__________.

Question 56

Dr.Molto wants to graphically visualize the correlational relationship between the variables in his study.He should use a(n)___________.

Question 57

Meg is using a procedure to choose her sample so that each member of the population for her study has an equal chance of being included in her sample.Meg is using a procedure known as __________.

Question 58

A researcher studies the effect of a new therapy on a small group of hyperactive children in the hopes of generalizing these findings for use with all hyperactive children.This researcher is using __________statistics.

Question 59

When measure X gets larger,measure Y gets smaller in a(n)__________correlation.

Question 60

To decide which applicants have the best chance for academic success,most colleges have formulas that use __________ correlations.

Question 61

Actively thinking about what you have just experienced describes __________ cognition.

A) reflective
B) experiential
C) contextual
D) retroactive

Question 62

Last night you vegged out in front of the TV set and watched a couple of hours of programs.However,this morning you have trouble remembering the plot of either of the programs.According to Donald Norman,your passive viewing of the television is a good example of

A) reflective cognition.
B) experiential cognition.
C) transient narcosis.
D) depersonalization.

Question 63

As Marta listens to her instructor during psychology class,she tries to relate these new facts,terms,and concepts to her own experiences and to information she already knows well.Thus,Marta is making these new ideas more personally meaningful and easier to remember by using the practice of

A) egocentrism.
B) self-reference.
C) transference.
D) self-projection.

Question 64

In your study to determine the best method to teach current events to freshmen college students at your college,what would constitute your population and sample,and how would your sample be chosen and why? After obtaining your results,if you find that the new method produced higher scores than the old method of instruction,how will you determine if this difference was a "real difference" or occurred by chance?

Question 65

You are a teacher.In one of your classes,the students achieved the following raw scores on a ten-question quiz: 10,10,9,9,9,8,8,8,8,7,7,6,6,5,5,4,4,3,2 2.Calculate each of the measures of central tendency for these scores.

Question 66

You have found a correlation coefficient of +.70 between the number of days students attend class and their grade point averages.Describe what this correlation means both in its strength and direction; determine the percent of variance and explain what it means; and explain why this correlation does not prove causation between class attendance and grade point average.

Question 67

Experiential cognition involves

A) passively letting an event happen to you.
B) one's subsequent memories being more detailed.
C) mindfully focusing on events.
D) going beyond the information given.

Question 68

Describe the function of the measures of variability; and name and define two of these measures.

Question 69

The ability to evaluate,compare,analyze,critique,and synthesize information is known as

A) massed practice.
B) experiential cognition.
C) critical thinking.
D) transference.

Question 70

Describe a frequency distribution,what it is used for,how it is constructed,and two ways that it can be shown graphically.

Question 71

Reflective cognition involves

A) passively letting an event happen to you.
B) one's subsequent memories being less detailed and focused.
C) mindlessly observing events.
D) going beyond the information given.

Question 72

According to Donald Norman,when we more or less passively let an event happen to us,we are exhibiting __________ cognition.

A) reactive
B) reflective
C) contextual
D) experiential

Question 73

The practice of relating new information to prior life experiences is referred to as

A) egocentrism.
B) transference.
C) self-reference.
D) self-projection.

Question 74

You handle the payroll at a small company whose president boasts that the average salary at his company is $54,000.What is the statistical reason for this distorted view of the company's average pay? Then,using the salaries listed below for everyone that works at this company determine the mean,median,mode,and range of salaries for this small company.
Salaries: $200,000 (president's salary); $100,000 (vice-president's salary)
Other eight employees earn $30,000 each.

Question 75

According to your textbook authors,students who get good grades and remember more of the material long after the course is over

A) studied early in the morning rather than right before they went to sleep.
B) worked smarter, not just longer and harder.
C) tended to read each chapter at least three times.
D) tried not to overlearn the material, since this usually causes confusion.

Question 76

Describe a normal curve,and explain the relationship of the standard deviation to this curve.

Question 77

Explain what is meant by a correlation between two variables,how one would know if a correlation coefficient were weak or strong,and what constitutes a perfect relationship; and describe what is meant by positive,negative,and zero correlations and give an example of each.

Question 78

Explain the purpose of inferential statistics and how samples and populations are utilized to fulfill this purpose; and explain how a sample is chosen,and why it is chosen in this manner.

Question 79

You are flipping through the television channels when you come upon a program about your future career.The next day,you tell your best friend about all the details you learned from this program.According to Donald Norman,when you were viewing the television program on your future occupation,you were exhibiting __________ cognition.

A) reactive
B) reflective
C) experiential
D) contextual

Question 80

Define a z-score,and explain how it is calculated in the following example: Abby had a score of 75 on a test with a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 5.What is her z-score?