Deck 12: Psychodynamic Approach

Question 1

The psychodynamic approach to leadership focuses on

A)The effects of behavior in organizations
B)The dynamics of personality
C)The effects of behavior on the leader
D)The dynamics of human behavior

Answer 1

D

Question 2

It seems that I keep making the same mistakes as I did when I was younger.I am applying which premise of the clinical paradigm?

A)Mental life lies outside of conscious awareness
B)Human development is an intra- and interpersonal process
C)There is rationale behind every act
D)How we regulate and express emotions is central to a person's identity

Answer 2

B

Question 3

One of my employees is acting irrationally.I am certain there is a reasonable explanation for the behavior. I am applying which premise of the clinical paradigm?

A)Mental life lies outside of conscious awareness
B)Human development is an intra- and interpersonal process
C)There is rationale behind every act
D)How we regulate and express emotions is central to a person's identity

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The underlying premise of the psychodynamic approach chapter is

A)There are rational behaviors that describe leadership action
B)There are irrational forces that underlie seemingly rational behaviors
C)Irrational behaviors are the downfall of organizations
D)Observations of behaviors are rational in nature

Question 5

Which premise of the clinical paradigm describes "blind spots" we all have?

A)Mental life lies outside of conscious awareness
B)Human development is an intra- and interpersonal process
C)There is rationale behind every act
D)How we regulate and express emotions is central to a person's identity

Question 6

Which premise of the clinical paradigm focuses on how emotions form the basis for the internalization of mental representations of self and others that guide our relationships?

A)Mental life lies outside of conscious awareness
B)Human development is an intra- and interpersonal process
C)There is rationale behind every act
D)How we regulate and express emotions is central to a person's identity

Question 7

Which premise of the clinical paradigm states that our early caregivers and other developmental experiences influence us throughout life?

A)Mental life lies outside of conscious awareness
B)Human development is an intra- and interpersonal process
C)There is rationale behind every act
D)How we regulate and express emotions is central to a person's identity

Question 8

Which premise of the clinical paradigm describes feelings and motives that we do not realize?

A)Mental life lies outside of conscious awareness
B)Human development is an intra- and interpersonal process
C)There is rationale behind every act
D)How we regulate and express emotions is central to a person's identity

Question 9

I have developed emotional intelligence through many years working as a leader at many levels.I am applying which premise of the clinical paradigm?

A)Mental life lies outside of conscious awareness
B)Human development is an intra- and interpersonal process
C)There is rationale behind every act
D)How we regulate and express emotions is central to a person's identity

Question 10

A framework through which we apply a psychodynamic lens to the study of behavior in organizations is

A)A behavioral paradigm
B)A psychological paradigm
C)A clinical paradigm
D)A psychic paradigm

Question 11

Which premise of the clinical paradigm says we are products of our past experiences?

A)Mental life lies outside of conscious awareness
B)Human development is an intra- and interpersonal process
C)There is rationale behind every act
D)How we regulate and express emotions is central to a person's identity

Question 12

Which of the following is not one of the four premises of the clinical paradigm?

A)There is irrationality behind every act
B)Regulating emotions is less important than regulating actions
C)Much of mental life lies outside of conscious awareness
D)We are products of interpersonal experiences

Question 13

When I am leading my group of followers,sometimes I say or do things that I really do not understand and that do not seem to be part of my typical way of dealing with issues.I am applying which premise of the clinical paradigm?

A)Mental life lies outside of conscious awareness
B)Human development is an intra- and interpersonal process
C)There is rationale behind every act
D)How we regulate and express emotions is central to a person's identity

Question 14

Historically,leadership scholars

A)Have avoided studying emotions in leadership
B)Have avoided studying leadership behaviors
C)Have avoided the psychological realm of organizational life
D)Have avoided studying personality and leadership

Question 15

Which premise of the clinical paradigm describes how emotions are related to life experiences and can have both positive and negative connotations that affect the choices we make?

A)Mental life lies outside of conscious awareness
B)Human development is an intra- and interpersonal process
C)There is rationale behind every act
D)How we regulate and express emotions is central to a person's identity

Question 16

Which premise of the clinical paradigm states that there is a logical explanation behind every human act?

A)Mental life lies outside of conscious awareness
B)Human development is an intra- and interpersonal process
C)There is rationale behind every act
D)How one regulates and expresses emotions is central to a person's identity

Question 17

The psychodynamic approach to leadership suggests that only through accepting and explaining undercurrents of human behavior

A)Can we begin to understand complex organizations
B)Will decision making be easy
C)Can we understand human motivation
D)Will we understand leadership

Question 18

The purpose of the clinical paradigm is

A)To identify aberrant behaviors
B)To discover how leaders and organizations really work
C)To discover the best emotional leadership style
D)To determine the best behavioral leadership style

Question 19

The dynamics of human behavior

A)Are often difficult to understand
B)Are easy to understand
C)Are similar to skills dynamics
D)Are related to the Big Five personality profiles

Question 20

Which premise requires "tective" work to find clues to explain perplexing behavior?

A)Mental life lies outside of conscious awareness
B)Human development is an intra- and interpersonal process
C)There is rationale behind every act
D)How we regulate and express emotions is central to a person's identity

Question 21

The majority of the research of the Tavistock Institute was focused primarily on group processes in

A)Public organizations
B)Privately held companies
C)Business-based organizations
D)Non-profit organizations

Question 22

The key concepts within the psychodynamic approach each provide a way of looking at the hidden dynamics of organizational behavior in order to

A)Decipher the behaviors that lead to positive leadership
B)Decipher the emotional impact of leaders on their followers
C)Decipher the knowledge acquisition necessary for top leader performance
D)Decipher the motives for why people behave the way they do

Question 23

In the focus on the theatre concept in psychodynamic approach,what does CCRT stand for?

A)Concepts,Considerations,and Reactive Themes
B)Conflictual Considerations and Reactive Teams
C)Core Concepts Relationship Teams
D)Core Conflictual Relationship Themes

Question 24

Our early experiences with key individuals like early caregivers contribute to how we respond to people in other contexts with different people. These responses can be described as

A)Repeated response patterns
B)Conflictual response patterns
C)Reactive team patterns
D)Emotional response patterns

Question 25

Which scholar(s)from the Tavistock Institute completed the 17-year "Glacier Project."

A)Menninger and Levinson
B)Brown and Jacques
C)Zaleznik
D)Freud

Question 26

In Bion's basic assumptions about groups,what is a potential outcome of these pathological regressive processes?

A)People regress to behaviors from childhood
B)People are deflected from the main tasks to be performed
C)People end up identifying with the aggressor
D)People contain their anxiety levels

Question 27

The history of the psychodynamic approach provides context for the study of leadership by

A)Empirically testing emotional responses to follower actions
B)Providing a chronology of the dynamics and functioning of leaders and organizations
C)Informing leaders about their psychological dysfunctions
D)Studying in the chronology of wartime abuses of power

Question 28

The Kets de Vries Neurotic Organization Study created a new framework for analysis of organizations proposing that

A)Organizations have their own set of psychological neuroses
B)Followers set the psychological structure of organizations
C)Neuroses of a top leader can be recreated throughout the organization
D)Social dreaming is a way of defining meaning for the organization

Question 29

The origins of the psychodynamic paradigm stem from which scholar's work?

A)Fromm
B)Freud
C)Maccoby
D)Jung

Question 30

Paying attention to the CCRT of an individual and understanding key relationship conflicts can

A)Cause conflict among organizational members
B)Cause conflict within personal relationships
C)Produce more effective interpersonal relationships
D)Produce less effective interpersonal relationships

Question 31

The clinical paradigm shares insight into

A)The subconscious forces of human behavior
B)The conscious mind
C)The effects of clinical therapy
D)The dichotomy of emotions and psyche

Question 32

Which scholar described the term "applied clinical practice" when exploring organizational processes?

A)Gruenfeld
B)Zaleznik
C)Kats de Vries
D)Hirschhorn

Question 33

The focus on the inner theatre concept is described as

A)Experiences with others that contribute to the creation of response patterns
B)Knowledge gained in post-secondary school that defines our behaviors
C)Psychological development in relation to groups
D)Unconscious assumptions about dangerous organizational behaviors

Question 34

Zaleznik and the researchers at the Boston Psychoanalytic Institute were interested in combining the

A)Psychodynamic approach with clinical practice
B)Psychoanalysis with organizational role analysis
C)Work world with socio-technical systems
D)Work world with the world of psychoanalysis

Question 35

In Bion's dependency assumption,when people assume that the leader should offer similar protection to that provided by parents in early years,this assumption is based on

A)Conscious thought
B)Conscious action
C)Unconscious thought
D)Unconscious action

Question 36

Mitscherlich,post-World War II,published influential work that shaped Germany's analysis of the causes of the war and

A)Interpreted the holocaust using the clinical paradigm
B)Opened the field of psychotherapy to the lay public
C)Opened the field of social psychology to a broader audience
D)Interpreted emotions as stemming from negative childhood experiences

Question 37

Which of the following is not one of Bion's three basic assumptions in groups?

A)Dependency
B)Interdependency
C)Fight-flight
D)Pairing

Question 38

Relationship themes develop over time that are rooted in

A)Our ego
B)Our internal ordering system
C)Our deepest wishes,needs,and goals
D)Our personality

Question 39

Which of the following is not a key concept within the Psychodynamic Approach?

A)Focus on the inner theatre
B)Focus on the leader-follower relationships
C)Focus on the behavioral norms of organizations
D)Focus on the shadow side of leadership

Question 40

In the workplace,we act out core conflictual relationship themes onto others and then react to others based on

A)Their perceived reactions
B)Their actual actions
C)Their perceived emotions
D)Their demonstrated emotions

Question 41

Taking cues about our own behavior from those around us describes

A)Mimicking
B)Mirroring
C)Reflecting
D)Idealizing

Question 42

When comparing environmental constraints or advantages and psychodynamic approach to leader effectiveness,which of the following statements is true?

A)Environmental constraints have the greatest impact on leader effectiveness.
B)Environmental advantages stymie leader effectiveness.
C)Psychodynamic processes in leader-follower interactions greatly influence leader effectiveness.
D)Psychodynamic processes in leader-follower interactions are less influential on leader effectiveness than environmental advantages

Question 43

Constructive narcissists have empathy and inspire others to be better at what they do and even to change what they do.This is similar to the leader behaviors and principles of which other leadership theory?

A)Path-goal
B)LMX
C)Authentic
D)Transformational

Question 44

What does the psychodynamic study of leadership effectiveness demonstrate more clearly than other conceptual framework?

A)Recognition that people can develop aggressive behaviors when leaders are aggressive
B)Recognition that people's emotions affect their behaviors
C)Recognition that early childhood experiences can be overcome
D)Recognition that people differ in their motivational patterns

Question 45

Which of Bion's assumptions has potential to manifest itself in ganging up against the leader who is perceived as the aggressor or authority figure?

A)Fight-flight
B)Dependency
C)Pairing
D)Power sharing

Question 46

Mirroring and idealizing can end up having a negative impact on an organization by

A)Leaders admiring and emulating followers
B)Followers becoming more like the leader
C)Followers becoming more like each other
D)Enforcing transferential patterns not based in reality

Question 47

The essence of leadership according to the psychodynamic approach is

A)The ability to understand the emotion-behavior connection
B)Removing difficult task characteristics helps followers develop
C)The ability to use motivational patterns to influence others
D)Removing conflictual follower interactions leads to leader success

Question 48

In the fight-flight assumption there is a tendency to

A)Split the world into haves and have-nots
B)Split the world into "like me" and "like them"
C)Split the world into friend or foe
D)Split the work into competitive teams

Question 49

When some leaders encourage the fight-flight assumption and use in-group/out-group division for motivation and to reinforce the group's identity they are misrepresenting the main premise of which leadership approach?

A)Situational
B)Behavioral
C)Trait
D)LMX

Question 50

What can happen when leaders try to contain anxiety using existing structures and processes?

A)Reduced creativity and openness to change
B)Ganging up on the group leader
C)Higher independence from group leader
D)Reduced leader control and impersonality

Question 51

It is hard to figure out what is happening in our team. It seems that madness has taken over not only our boss but most of the team! What is happening in this team?

A)Narcissism
B)Mirroring
C)Folie à deux
D)Transference

Question 52

Which social defense mechanism is described as seeing one's own shortcomings in others?

A)Splitting
B)Denial
C)Displacement
D)Projection

Question 53

Groups that are united by the dependency assumption and readily give up their autonomy would likely do well with a leader using which leader behavior?

A)Directive
B)Supportive
C)Delegating
D)Impoverished

Question 54

The two sides of narcissism are

A)Constructive and destructive
B)Reactive and destructive
C)Reactive and dependent
D)Constructive and reactive

Question 55

What do followers do when they are identifying with the aggressor?

A)They threaten others
B)They resign
C)The hold others to a higher standard
D)They threaten the leader

Question 56

The leader's ability to use motivational patterns to influence others could also be stated as

A)The ability to force people to do things they would not otherwise do
B)The ability to get people to voluntarily do things they would not otherwise do
C)The ability to motivate others toward a group goal
D)The ability to change follower behaviors against their will

Question 57

When do people engage in regressive social defenses to neutralize strong tensions in organizations?

A)When individuals express anger toward the leader
B)When the organization does not provide protection
C)When the organization's anxieties are not properly managed
D)When organizations are not functioning properly

Question 58

Groups in which there is a tendency to split the authority and include avoidance,absenteeism,and resignation are in which of Bion's unconscious assumptions?

A)Dependency
B)Social defense
C)Pairing
D)Fight-flight

Question 59

The essence of how psychodynamic approach informs us about effective leadership is

A)Human behavior is rooted in the underlying motives that govern such behavior
B)Human behavior is rooted in emotional intelligence principles
C)Human behavior is rooted in the principles of Freudian psychology
D)Human behavior can be learned

Question 60

An unconscious assumption whereby people join with a group or another person who is seen as powerful and will help them cope with anxiety is called

A)Fight-flight
B)Dependency
C)Pairing
D)Power sharing

Question 61

Some executive coaching programs using principles of the psychodynamic approach,which help executives

A)Be more firm with aggressive followers
B)Be more emotionally involved with aggressive followers
C)Be more conscious of the dark side of leadership
D)Be more conscious and self-aware,which will help them relate to others

Question 62

The psychodynamic approach looks at human behavior and acknowledges

A)People are unique and paradoxical
B)People are generally psychic
C)People are complex
D)People lack motivation

Question 63

Which is not a social defense mechanism?

A)Pairing
B)Aggression
C)Projection
D)Displacement

Question 64

Core Conflictual Relationship Themes

A)Occur in childhood but resolve by adulthood
B)Develop from early experiences with key individuals
C)Develop upon physical maturation in late teen years
D)Are recurring relationship patterns that we take into adulthood

Question 65

Why do some followers resort to a defensive process known as "identification with the aggressor"?

A)They are confronted with a superior force
B)In response to an aggressive leader
C)Other followers impersonate the leader
D)There is inter-group conflict

Question 66

Levinson's work further suggested that systemic organizational problems might be mitigated by

A)A verbal agreement between leaders and followers
B)A "psychological contract" between leaders and followers
C)A psychological assessment for new employees
D)A psychological role analysis prior to hiring

Question 67

Some scholars researching the psychodynamic approach in organizations look at the dark side of leadership and the atypical successes of leadership. They realize that

A)Leaders,like followers,are not completely rational
B)Followers,like leaders,want to have power
C)Leaders and followers exchange power for mutual benefit
D)People rise to positional leadership roles because they are rational

Question 68

A strength of the psychodynamic approach is

A)It focuses on the conscious thoughts and behaviors of leaders
B)It categorizes overt behaviors in organizations
C)It provides broad investigation of organizations
D)It addresses undercurrents of organizational life

Question 69

Levinson extended the work of and collaborated with the work at Menninger Clinic and applied psychodynamic theory to management and leadership.He linked the failure of managers to effectively contain anxieties of workers to

A)Low employee turnover
B)High employee turnover
C)Low employee production
D)Employee depression

Question 70

Reactive narcissists tend to fixate on issues of

A)Relationship building
B)Status
C)Superiority
D)Empathy

Question 71

The Tavistock Institute psychoanalysts studied unconscious group functions

A)As an aggregate of individuals
B)In terms of group processing
C)Of the group as a whole
D)As an aggregate of psychodynamic minds

Question 72

The Menninger Clinic applied psychodynamic approach to work settings and training seminars for executives to help them

A)Create worksite mental health clinics
B)Create worksite wellness programs
C)Understand why human beings act as the do
D)In response to a survey of mental health problems in industry

Question 73

Which of the following are premises of the clinical paradigm?

A)There is irrationality behind every human act
B)There is rationality behind every human act
C)How individuals regulate and express emotions is central to a person's identity
D)Human development is an intra- and interpersonal process

Question 74

One benefit of integrating a clinical or psychodynamic orientation in leadership development programs is

A)It focuses exclusively on negative leader behaviors
B)It will help leaders psychoanalyze their followers
C)It will help leaders become "organizational detectives" to uncover the undercurrents within the organization
D)It will help leaders become more directive and less supportive with followers who have hidden agendas

Question 75

Which post-World War II research groups applied psychodynamic approach to the study of organizations?

A)Carle Clinic
B)Greenleaf Institute
C)Cornell Medical School
D)Harvard Business School

Question 76

Groups subject to the dependency assumption are united by which of the following?

A)Feelings of sadness
B)Feelings of helplessness
C)Fear of the outside world
D)Wanting to flee the situation

Question 77

Which of the following concepts fall under the key concept within the psychodynamic approach of focus on the leader-follower relationships?

A)Fight or flight
B)Mirroring and idealizing
C)Core conflictual relationship themes
D)Identification with the aggressor

Question 78

Psychodynamic approach focuses primarily on the leader's personality and leadership style,while broader systemic organizational issues remain in the background. This is

A)Not an accurate description of the approach
B)Good,because leader personality is critical to team success
C)A strength of the approach
D)A criticism of the approach

Question 79

Psychodynamic approach involves an in-depth and systemic investigation of a single person,group,or community. This is

A)A strength of the approach
B)A criticism of the approach
C)An incorrect representation of the approach
D)Easy to incorporate into leadership training programs

Question 80

Which of the following are transferential processes?

A)Mirroring
B)Dependency
C)Identification
D)Idealizing