Deck 3: States, Citizens, and Regimes

Question 1

According to the textbook, "subjects"

A)determine their relationship with the state
B)have no say in their relationship with the state
C)enjoy a number of social, political, and civil rights
D)are members of a political community or a state with certain rights and duties

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Karl Marx believed that his communist revolution would occur in which type of country?

A)A wealthy country
B)A poor country
C)A country without class stratification
D)A country that relies foreign investment

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Education, pensions, and health care are examples of

A)social rights
B)political rights
C)civil rights
D)inalienable rights

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Liberal democracy was able to evolve in Britain because citizens were able to

A)restrict the power of the king
B)balance the power between the different branches of government
C)build a nation
D)maintain control over their neighbors through force

Question 5

Communist regimes

A)are based on the ideas of John Locke
B)are based on Max Weber's typology of legitimacy
C)are based on the ideas of Benito Mussolini
D)are based on the ideas of Karl Marx

Question 6

Political rights guarantee

A)political culture
B)political economy
C)political participation
D)political incentive

Question 7

According to Karl Marx

A)Social revolution led by the bourgeoisie is inevitable.
B)Social revolution led by the proletariat is inevitable.
C)Social revolution led by the peasants is inevitable.
D)Social revolution led by the fascists is inevitable.

Question 8

According to communists

A)Liberal democracy serves capitalism and the bourgeoisie, not workers.
B)Liberal democracy serves capitalism, the bourgeoisie, and workers.
C)Liberal democracy serves the bourgeoisie and workers, not capitalism.
D)Liberal democracy serves capitalism and workers, not the bourgeoisie.

Question 9

Germany's Nazi regime added ______ to fascism.

A)economic determinism
B)racism
C)populism
D)elitism

Question 10

Two Muslim countries with Shiite majorities are

A)Afghanistan and Iraq
B)Iran and Iraq
C)Iran and Saudi Arabia
D)Afghanistan and Pakistan

Question 11

China's current regime is best described as

A)democratic
B)communist
C)modernizing authoritarian
D)socialist

Question 12

According to the textbook, "citizens"

A)have no say in their relationship with the state
B)are typical of pre-modern states
C)are members of a political community or a state with certain rights and duties
D)control the bureaucracy of non-European states

Question 13

Social democracy

A)is entirely different and incompatible with liberal democracy
B)is illiberal and anti-democratic by definition
C)is an important variant of communist regimes
D)is an important variant of liberal democracy

Question 14

Social rights

A)guarantee political participation
B)guarantee the right to basic well-being
C)are identical in every state
D)are usually granted to the subjects of a state

Question 15

The "Brazilian Miracle" of rapid economic growth was overseen by a

A)democratic regime
B)fascist regime
C)modernizing authoritarian regime
D)communist regime

Question 16

Most Islamists believe

A)in following the legal and moral decisions of the traditional clergy
B)in popular sovereignty
C)that violent revolution is necessary
D)that Islamic law should govern Muslim communities

Question 17

Lenin modified Marx's theory of socialist revolution by creating a role for

A)a vanguard party
B)the church
C)the bourgeoisie
D)international revolution

Question 18

The difference between fascism and Nazism lies in the fact that

A)Fascism does not promote racial discrimination while Nazism does.
B)Fascism does not reject Marxism while Nazism does.
C)Nazism is intensely nationalistic while fascism is not.
D)None of these

Question 19

Which of the following is true?

A)Modern states have neither subjects nor citizens.
B)Modern states have citizens and subjects.
C)Modern states have subjects, not citizens.
D)Modern states have citizens, not subjects.

Question 20

Modernizing authoritarians often use the idea of national unity to justify

A)high taxes
B)postponing democratization
C)colonialism
D)powerful labor unions

Question 21

Marx did not believe that the communist revolution would begin in Russia because it was

A)devoid of active revolutionaries
B)too urbanized
C)not wealthy enough
D)too oppressive

Question 22

Legal equality is an example of

A)political rights
B)civil rights
C)social rights
D)socialist rights

Question 23

In Islamist doctrine, shura refers to

A)consultation with the people
B)rule by Islamic law
C)popular sovereignty
D)military dictatorship

Question 24

Civil society in Iran

A)is more active than in most Middle Eastern countries
B)operates freely
C)was more active before the Islamic regime
D)has many transnational ties

Question 25

Marx believed that ______ forces determined history and politics.

A)material
B)ideological
C)individual
D)social

Question 26

The idea that power should be held by those who understand how the modern world works is known as

A)technocratic legitimacy
B)electoral legitimacy
C)modern democracy
D)performance legitimacy

Question 27

Which of the following was an important element used to justify the modernizing authoritarian state in Brazil?

A)anticommunism
B)economic collapse
C)anti-Americanism
D)democratic legitimacy

Question 28

The majority of Iranians are

A)Shiite
B)Sunni
C)Alevite
D)Sufi

Question 29

"Corporatism" is best defined as

A)a system of representation in which one organization represents each important sector of society
B)a system of representation in which multinational corporations control each important sector of society
C)a system of representation based on communist ideas
D)a system of representation based on the eight characteristics of liberal democracy

Question 30

On which of the following concepts will fascism and communism most likely agree?

A)Materialism is the prime mover of history and politics.
B)The ruling class oppresses other classes.
C)Rationality should be rejected.
D)The state directs all important aspects of life.

Question 31

Marx's dictatorship of the proletariat was to be characterized by

A)rule by workers over other classes
B)a society without class distinctions
C)strong leadership by one man
D)an empowered civil society

Question 32

Social citizenship refers to having

A)civil rights but not political rights
B)equality of outcomes
C)a living standard that allows full participation in political life
D)acceptance in a political community

Question 33

Which regime is most likely the result of a military coup in which a charismatic leader claimed power?

A)one-party regime
B)modernizing authoritarian regime
C)neopatrimonial regime
D)personalist regime

Question 34

This type of regime is characterized by the presence of elections but also the systematic violation of the fairness of elections.

A)modernizing authoritarian
B)electoral authoritarian
C)neopatrimonial
D)personalist

Question 35

One of the longest-standing electoral authoritarian regimes was

A)Nigeria after independence
B)Mexico under the PRI
C)Iran before the Revolution
D)Nazi Germany

Question 36

Fascists argue that the interests of ______ should dominate

A)the individual
B)the state
C)civil society
D)the ruling class

Question 37

The first document to limit the power of the monarch was the

A)Magna Carta
B)Declaration of Independence
C)Communist Manifesto
D)American Constitution

Question 38

Ujamaa was a form of African socialism put in place in

A)South Africa
B)Egypt
C)Tanzania
D)Nigeria

Question 39

Which of the following is essential to liberal democracy?

A)separation of powers
B)extensive government services
C)elections
D)equality of opportunity

Question 40

What is the core principle behind social contract theory??a.Free and equal individuals must give their consent to be governed.
B)Government was created in order to free the primal nature of man.
C)The general will of the individual should take precedent over the general will of the governed.
D)In the state of nature man is content.

Question 41

A ______ regime will justify its coming to power by pointing out prolonged economic stagnation and/or growing social unrest. It may also claim that it will "clean up the mess" of the prior government and get the country back on the right track of development.

Question 42

Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau are known as social contract theorist.

Question 43

Mexico's Institutional Revolution Party, or PRI (Partido Revolucionario Institucional), opposed the classic electoral authoritarian regime, which was supported by the Partido Acción Nacional (PAN), or National Action Party.

Question 44

The idea of liberal democracy does not include public control of the economy.

Question 45

The description given to parties or political movements that espouse a virulent nationalism, often defined on a cultural or religious basis and opposed to immigrants as threats to national identity, is known as

A)protectionist
B)conservative
C)neofascist
D)statist

Question 46

______ is a hybrid regime where formal opposition and some open political debate exist, but the regime cannot be considered democratic given how flawed these processes are.

Question 47

Liberal democracy includes political competition, alternative sources of information, and free and fair elections.

Question 48

A social democracy is a regime type.

Question 49

Proponents of participatory democracy argue that real democracy must include far more than the minimal list of institutional guarantees.

Question 50

In the twentieth century, fascists came to power in Germany, Italy, Spain, and Portugal.

Question 51

______ reject much of the rationality that underlies Western philosophy, appealing instead to spiritual principles and ideas of a nation as a living organism.

Question 52

Fidel Castro is associated with fascist ideology.

Question 53

The English Constitution included the first right to trial by peers, guaranteed the freedom of the (Catholic) church from monarchical intervention, created an assembly of 25 barons (chosen by all the barons of England) that became the first parliament, and guaranteed nobles the right to be called together to discuss any significant new taxes.

Question 54

The very nature of an absolutist state means that many mechanisms exist to protect citizens and enable them to claim their "rights" against political leaders.

Question 55

Which of the following regimes allow some freedoms of expression and association but limit them.

A)liberal democracy
B)fascism
C)electoral authoritarianism
D)modernizing authoritarianism

Question 56

A regime is a set of formal and informal political institutions that defines a type of government.

Question 57

______ is the idea that society should not have multiple organizations competing against one another, but rather one organization that controls everything.

Question 58

Civil society in Russia thrived under Communist Party rule, and the state was limited as to how it could influence individuals' lives.

Question 59

In Marxist theory, the economic system in any given historical era, such as feudalism and capitalism in the last millennium in Europe, is known as

A)a mode of production
B)cronyism
C)a social revolution
D)the dictatorship of the proletariat

Question 60

______ is the rule by religious authorities.

Question 61

What makes a "social democracy" different from a "liberal democracy?" Please discuss the main characteristics of both, illustrating your answer with examples of countries that can be classified within each of the two categories.

Question 62

The fair treatment of citizens is part of their ______ rights.

Question 63

______ is a variant of liberal democracy in which great importance is given to social rights through the existence of generous social programs.

Question 64

What is a fascist regime? The textbook argues that, nowadays, fascism is "delegitimized." Why is this the case?

Question 65

Provide any two definitions of democracy.

Question 66

Can a regime be both authoritarian and democratic? If so, how could this be true? If not, why not?

Question 67

Compare and contrast fascism and communism.Be sure to note their commonalities, as well as their differences, using examples were necessary.

Question 68

Why did Karl Marx predict his communist revolution would occur in capitalist states?

Question 69

What is the difference between an authoritarian regime and a electoral authoritarian regime?

Question 70

Compare and contrast Brazil's authoritarian regime with Mexico's electoral authoritarian regime.

Question 71

What types of rights do modern states, in theory, grant to their citizens? Explain in detail each one of these rights.

Question 72

What are the implications of Iran's theocracy for civil society and representation, and how might they change under the reformist Rouhani government?

Question 73

______ theory claims that development in postcolonial societies needs to follow the same path as that which the West undertook.

Question 74

Electoral authoritarian regimes typically base their legitimacy on a combination of nondemocratic and democratic claims.Use what you know from the case studies to support (or debunk) this claim.

Question 75

How do modernizing authoritarian regimes justify their existence? Historically, which modernizing authoritarian regime has come closest to actually implementing these claims and why?

Question 76

Social democracy puts emphasis on which of the following concepts?

Question 77

In what way did Russia at the turn of the twentieth century differ from Marx's idea of where socialist revolution would take place?

Question 78

According to Marxism, communist revolutions will overthrow capitalism and establish a dictatorship of the ______.

Question 79

In Germany, the Nazi regime attempted to eliminate civil society through ______.