Deck 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Question 1

The peak of muscular strength occurs during the middle

A)teens.
B)20s.
C)30s.
D)40s.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is associated with an increased rate of heart disease?

A)Weight gain
B)Moderate alcohol consumption
C)A low LDL cholesterol level in the blood
D)High-carbohydrate diet

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Compared to other age groups,emerging and young adults have the highest rates of

A)health insurance.
B)exercise.
C)poverty.
D)nutritional balance.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Regular physical activity provides a number of benefits,including

A)decreased muscle mass.
B)improved cardiovascular fitness.
C)increased anxiety and stress.
D)early on-set of osteoporosis.

Question 5

The leading cause of death among young adults is

A)accidents.
B)suicide.
C)heart disease.
D)homicide.

Question 6

Psychological maturity depends on which of the following?

A)Discovering one's identity
B)Becoming independent of one's parents
C)Developing a system of values
D)All of these

Question 7

To reduce their risks of hypertension and heart disease,a person should reduce what kind of food?

A)Meat
B)Fruits
C)Vegetables
D)Brown rice

Question 8

As a group,which of the following is healthiest?

A)Children
B)Adolescents
C)Young adults
D)Older adults

Question 9

All of the following lifestyle factors are strongly linked to health and fitness EXCEPT

A)nutrition and obesity.
B)physical activity.
C)substance use and abuse.
D)fashion and literature choices.

Question 10

The most common source of activity limitation in early adulthood is

A)cancer.
B)arthritis.
C)homicide.
D)heart disease.

Question 11

Karen went to the doctor because she was experiencing impaired verbal learning,some memory problems,speech articulation problems,and increased distractibility.The doctor suggested methods to improve sleep hygiene to improve her functioning.The doctor believes Karen suffers from

A)early senile dementia.
B)Alzheimer's disease.
C)sleep deprivation.
D)heart disease.

Question 12

By young adulthood,American youth have already begun poor practices that lead to preventable death.These include all EXCEPT

A)alcohol abuse.
B)obesity.
C)walking
D)smoking.

Question 13

The World Health Organization has called ______________ a worldwide epidemic.

A)gallstones
B)diabetes
C)heart disease
D)obesity

Question 14

A time when young people are no longer adolescents but have not yet become fully adult is called

A)later adulthood.
B)later childhood.
C)emerging adulthood. D early adulthood.

Question 15

Which of the following reasons was NOT mentioned in your text as an explanation for the "obesity epidemic"?

A)Availability of fast foods
B)High-fat diets
C)Participation in after-school sports programs
D)Labor-saving technologies

Question 16

Generalizing from research,which statement best exemplifies the relationship between exercise and fitness?

A)The group that exercised at least two hours per day were significantly healthier.
B)The least fit were twice as likely as the most fit to die within two years.
C)A combination of diet and moderate exercise for 12 months produced fitness.
D)Exercise is unrelated to cardiovascular disease.

Question 17

Ginny wishes to take steps to maximize her health in young adulthood.She should do all of the following EXCEPT

A)eat breakfast.
B)exercise moderately.
C)eat snacks regularly to keep from overeating at mealtimes.
D)drink moderately or not at all.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is true?

A)It increases cardiovascular risks.
B)It has been linked to anemia.
C)Its level seems to be genetically determined and thus difficult to control by diet.
D)It is not related to fat consumption.

Question 19

Sleep deprivation may lead to ______ aging.

A)longitudinal
B)premature
C)decreased
D)mature

Question 20

Adequate sleep improves the learning of ______ motor skills.

A)complex
B)fine
C)gross
D)None of these

Question 21

The association between SES,race,and health has been reported in the literature.Which statement about this association is supported below?

A)White Americans are more likely to die from smoking than African Americans.
B)Young black adults are more likely to have high blood pressure than are young white adults.
C)There are no differences between more affluent people and low-income people in their diets.
D)People with lower SES have greater physical work and usually have less obesity.

Question 22

Despite the risks of smoking,______ of men and _______ of women over 18 in the United States are current smokers.

A)43%;31%
B)26%;21%
C)53%;48%
D)9%;13%

Question 23

Smoking tobacco is related to all of the following health problems EXCEPT

A)cervical cancer.
B)lung cancer.
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)heart disease.

Question 24

All of the following EXCEPT _________ are demographic features that are related to better physical health?

A)higher SES
B)education
C)social integration
D)lower socioeconomic status

Question 25

Research suggests that moderate drinking may have health benefits for many people,but others who drink alcohol develop alcoholism,which

A)is usually only a minor inconvenience to the individual and his or her family.
B)is associated with long-lasting changes in neural-signal transmission patterns.
C)is not seen as a disease.
D)is defined as being drunk every day,or at least six out of every seven days.

Question 26

Bob can drink more alcohol than anyone else in the college dorm.He and his friends are impressed by his ability to drink,but as a developmentalist,you know Bob is

A)less likely to become a risky drinker than the person who gets drunk.
B)likely to realize that he has a drinking problem and seek rehab.
C)developing a tolerance for alcohol.
D)likely to stop drinking due to the small effect it has.

Question 27

Which of the following statements about alcoholism is TRUE?

A)The heritability of alcoholism is 50% to 60%.
B)Alcoholics can stop or cut down their drinking if they exercise willpower.
C)Fifty percent of alcoholics recognize that they have a problem.
D)Alcoholism has a high cure rate when treated by a combination of medication,education,and psychotherapy.

Question 28

Which of the following statements about the relationship between educational level and health is NOT true?

A)The less schooling people have,the greater the likelihood of heart disease or other chronic disease.
B)Higher educational level is predictive of better health regardless of age,sex,or race.
C)Higher educational level is predictive of lower rates of smoking.
D)Better education causes good health.

Question 29

Risks of heavy use of alcohol include

A)liver damage and other gastrointestinal disorders.
B)stroke and damage to the nervous system.
C)death from automobile accidents and other violent causes.
D)All of these.

Question 30

Which of the following statements about health among racial and ethnic groups in young adulthood is TRUE?

A)African Americans are more likely to die than white people of the same age.
B)Young black adults are 20 times more likely to have high blood pressure than young white adults.
C)Homicide is a leading cause of death for young African American men.
D)All of these

Question 31

Active engagement in a broad range of social relationships,activities,and roles is called

A)social integration.
B)social support.
C)public integration.
D)marital satisfaction.

Question 32

One of the benefits of being married is

A)compromised physical and psychological health.
B)more disabilities or chronic conditions.
C)more opportunities to resolve conflict.
D)living longer.

Question 33

A risky drinker is a person who consumes how much alcohol?

A)More than 14 drinks per week
B)More than four drinks per day for males
C)More than three drinks per day for females.
D)All of the above are characteristics of risky drinking.

Question 34

The most popular illicit drug used among young adults is

A)marijuana.
B)prescription medications.
C)methamphetamine.
D)crack cocaine.

Question 35

The textbook reports the prime time and place for drinking to occur is

A)high school.
B)college.
C)adolescence.
D)middle adulthood.

Question 36

Generalizing from the text,which of the following young adults is most likely to suffer from high blood pressure?

A)Asian female
B)White male
C)Asian male
D)African American male

Question 37

Studies show that people who give up smoking reduce all of the following risks EXCEPT

A)heart disease.
B)stroke.
C)cancer.
D)depression.

Question 38

Current treatment for alcoholism includes all of the following EXCEPT

A)medication/hospitalization.
B)detoxification.
C)focus on developing willpower.
D)individual and group therapy.

Question 39

Important aspects of social environments may promote health.One of these identified in the text is

A)social integration.
B)peer involvement.
C)church activities.
D)social consensus.

Question 40

A heightened sense of well-being and less stress are experienced by individuals who

A)are experiencing young adulthood.
B)come from large families.
C)have good medical insurance.
D)maintain healthy social relationships.

Question 41

Geoff is in college to get skills to become a nurse.According to Schaie,he is at what stage?

A)Legacy-creating stage
B)Acquisitive stage
C)Responsible stage
D)Reorganizational stage

Question 42

Which of the following statements about infertility in women and men is TRUE?

A)Women's fertility begins to decline in the late 20s.
B)Obesity is not related to fertility for males or females.
C)Male infertility is less frequent than female infertility.
D)The least common cause of infertility in women is the blockage of the fallopian tubes.

Question 43

Exposed to marital conflict,it would be expected that young adults with formal thought processes would

A)attribute behavior to the interplay between persons and environment.
B)blame individuals involved.
C)blame the environmental context.
D)accept total personal responsibility.

Question 44

According to a nationally representative survey,______ of adults have had premarital sex by age 20.

A)95%
B)75%
C)65%
D)50%

Question 45

In the United States,HIV has been most prevalent among

A)lesbian and heterosexual women.
B)heterosexual men and IV drug users.
C)homosexual men and IV drug users.
D)bisexual women and prostitutes

Question 46

A complex form of cognition defined by John Dewey,based on active,persistent,and careful considerations,is called ______ thinking.

A)cognitive
B)deflective
C)reflective
D)None of these

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT significantly affected by the menstrual cycle?

A)Memory
B)Sight
C)Weight
D)Anxiety

Question 48

The most common cause of male infertility is

A)incompatibility with partner.
B)too few sperm.
C)effects of excessive birth control.
D)differences in sexual behavior.

Question 49

Some investigators have proposed a distinctly adult stage of cognition beyond Piaget's formal operations called ______ thought.

A)mature
B)postformal
C)pragmatic
D)abstract

Question 50

The most common cause of female infertility is

A)the production of abnormal ova.
B)blockage of the fallopian tubes.
C)residue from taking "the pill."
D)mucus in the cervix that prevent sperm from penetrating the ova.

Question 51

The

Question 52

The ability to recognize and deal with one's own feelings and the feelings of others is called

A)emotional intelligence.
B)cognitive intelligence.
C)cognitive emotions.
D)intelligence.

Question 53

Which statement about the sexuality of emerging adults is NOT true?

A)Emerging adults tend to have more sexual partners than older age groups.
B)Condoms are the most used contraceptive.
C)The double standard no longer exists with regard to sexual freedom for men and women.
D)Casual sex is fairly common,especially on college campuses.

Question 54

According to Schaie a person who is working and is put into a position to supervise others would be in the ______ stage.

A)acquisitive
B)achieving
C)executive
D)reorganization

Question 55

Painful menstruation is called

A)dissociation.
B)dementia.
C)dysmenorrheal.
D)None of these

Question 56

Which of the following has not been found to minimize the effects of the premenstrual syndrome for young adult women?

A)Aerobic exercise
B)Vitamin E supplement
C)Increasing caffeine
D)Eating frequent small meals

Question 57

Which of the following is a component of high emotional intelligence?

A)A low level of sensitivity to others' feelings
B)A strong degree of self-awareness
C)A strong need for immediate gratification
D)A lack of self-control

Question 58

Which of the following patterns of thinking is associated with postformal thought?

A)Ability to think both practically and abstractly
B)Believing that problems have only one possible solution
C)Reliance on formal logic rather than on intuition
D)Delaying the choice of personal beliefs until one is certain about them

Question 59

One criterion of postformal thought proposed by Sinnott is

A)the need to think in the abstract at all times.
B)the awareness that problems have more than one solution.
C)reliance on others to judge one's logic and provide strategies.
D)denying that a problem or solution may involve a conflict.

Question 60

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)is

A)an emotional disorder with no physical symptoms.
B)experienced before the menstrual period and then declines.
C)another term for dysmenorrheal,or menstrual cramps.
D)of emotional origin without any other biological explanation.

Question 61

To act on emotions or emotional intelligence,people must make ______ judgments.

A)cognitive
B)sensitivity
C)expectation
D)value

Question 62

Jaedyn applies what she learns at work during her evenings out with friends.Jaedyn's carryover of knowledge is predicted by the ______ hypothesis.

A)progressive
B)delayed
C)sluice gate
D)spillover

Question 63

Gilligan holds that women's morality is based on

A)rights.
B)justice.
C)responsibility.
D)abstract concept.

Question 64

According to Kohlberg,which of the following stages of moral reasoning cannot be reached until young adulthood?

A)Preconventional
B)Conventional
C)Postconventional
D)Experiential

Question 65

According to Kohlberg,the level of moral development that is ultimately reached is determined by

A)cognitive awareness.
B)personal experience.
C)Both of these
D)Neither of these

Question 66

Kohlberg believed that moral development is advanced by all of the following EXCEPT

A)cognitive growth.
B)confronting conflicting values away from home.
C)experiencing sustained responsibility for the welfare of other people.
D)adopting a female perspective.

Question 67

Females are more likely than males to select which of the following as a major in college?

A)Psychology
B)Architecture
C)Science
D)Engineering

Question 68

Tacit knowledge includes all of the following EXCEPT _______.

A)self-management
B)management of tasks
C)management of others
D)management of tests and grades

Question 69

Carol Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's study of moral reasoning is not valid since it did not include

A)males
B)females
C)race.
D)SES.

Question 70

People in China would find Kohlberg's "Heinz" dilemma incomprehensible because moral decisions in China are based on

A)group consensus.
B)universally applied laws.
C)regulation and formality.
D)individual choices.

Question 71

The theories of both Kohlberg and Gilligan put _______________ at the highest level of moral thought.

A)self-sacrifice
B)compassion and care
C)moral contradictions
D)responsibility to others

Question 72

Both reasoning abilities and fundamental changes in the way people think are usually part of the college experience.For example,college students

A)come to see that knowledge and values are universal and unvarying.
B)recognize that individuals do not have their own point of view.
C)realize that many opinions on issues may be as valuable as theirs.
D)learn to base their beliefs and judgments on those of their peers and professors.

Question 73

Adults who reach Kohlberg's highest level of moral reasoning,tend to ask themselves,

A)"How do I help my children to be moral?"
B)"What moral errors have I made in the past?"
C)"How can I achieve moral perfection?"
D)"Why should people be moral in the first place?"

Question 74

According to Kohlberg,which of the following events is likely to promote the development of postconventional moral reasoning in a young adult?

A)Getting a new job in one's hometown
B)Graduating from high school
C)Becoming a parent
D)The death of a parent

Question 75

Students' likelihood of completing college may depend on their

A)motivation.
B)academic aptitude.
C)ability to work.
D)All of these

Question 76

According to Gilligan,the central moral issue for women is

A)whether to concentrate on family or career.
B)whether or not to have an abortion.
C)the conflict between family and society.
D)the conflict between self and others.

Question 77

Today,females are more likely than males to go to

A)college.
B)law school.
C)medical school.
D)business school.

Question 78

Compared to males,female high school graduates today are

A)less likely to go to college.
B)equally likely to major in science or engineering.
C)more likely to major in education or nursing.
D)much less likely to earn doctoral degrees.

Question 79

In her early research studying differences between men's and women's perspectives on moral issues,Gilligan concluded that

A)women are morally superior to men.
B)women tend to think of morality in terms of responsibilities to specific people.
C)women tend to think of morality in terms of abstract rights,justice,and fairness.
D)although men and women think differently about morality,they go through the same sequence of moral development.

Question 80

A review of research on moral development in adulthood found that

A)men consistently achieve higher levels of moral reasoning.
B)women consistently achieve higher levels of moral reasoning.
C)gender differences are significant in adulthood but not in adolescence.
D)gender differences are insignificant across the life span.