Deck 22: Diagnostics, specimens, and Oncologic Considerations

Question 1

The use of vigorous scrubbing while prepping over underlying tumors is discouraged due to potential complications that could arise.

Answer 1

True
Vigorous scrubbing can potentially dislodge tumor cells;manipulating vascular tumors can cause emboli or hemorrhaging.Using the no-touch technique allows for minimal handling of the tumor.

Question 2

What is one key factor to consider when attempting to minimize radiation exposure?

A) Position
B) Time
C) Square footage
D) Sensitivity

Answer 2

B
Time,distance,and shielding are key factors in minimizing radiation exposure.Personnel should stand at least 6 feet away from the x-ray beam and wear lead aprons or at least wear gonadal and sternal protection.Patients should also wear gonadal protection.

Question 3

What may pose a possible risk of allergic reaction to contrast media used during a radiologic procedure?

A) Allergy to feline hair
B) Iodine sensitivity
C) Rash caused by surgical tape
D) Allergy to polypropylene suture

Answer 3

B
When assessing a patient,if a history of sensitivity to substances that contain iodine,shellfish,or Betadine is present,then a test dose may be given prior to the procedure.

Question 4

Ultrasound is helpful in diagnosing whether emboli are present in the bloodstream.

Question 5

What type of tumor grows slowly and resembles the parent tissue of origin?

A) Percutaneous
B) Benign
C) Malignant
D) Prophylactic

Question 6

An air embolus in the right atrium is corrected by placing the patient in reverse Trendelenburg's position and positioning the patient into right lateral position.

Question 7

Endoscopy can be used only to visualize body cavities and structures so that a diagnosis can be obtained.

Question 8

What type of radiologic procedure is used to study a joint after the injection of gas or contrast into it?

A) Ventriculography
B) Computed tomography
C) Arthrography
D) Ultrasonography

Question 9

Plethysmography can diagnose the extent of a suspected vascular disease using its pen-recorded tracings.

Question 10

Venous impedance plethysmography measures reflux in the lower extremities.

Question 11

What group of people should receive a mammogram?

A) Women more than 50 years old
B) Women between the ages of 20 and 35
C) Men with a familial history of maternal breast cancer
D) Mammograms are not recommended to any age group

Question 12

What type of biopsy involves removing the mass or entire structure from the body?

A) Brush
B) Excisional
C) Incisional
D) Smear

Question 13

What type of specimen is collected with a circular sharp,hollow tip?

A) Aspiration biopsy
B) Brush biopsy
C) Punch biopsy
D) Smear

Question 14

Ultrasonography is extremely risky to the patient and should not be used intraoperatively.

Question 15

When a retained surgical item is removed from a patient,it is not necessary to send it to the pathology laboratory.

Question 16

Because MRI uses a large electromagnet,metallic devices are allowed into the MRI machine as long as they are stainless steel.

Question 17

Doppler can be used only to evaluate arterial blood flow.

Question 18

What type of procedure does not enter the patient's body and uses equipment placed near the patient's skin?

A) Invasive
B) Interventional
C) Noninvasive
D) Percutaneous

Question 19

Frozen sections can be placed in formalin until the pathologist can examine the specimen.

Question 20

Angiography assists in the diagnosis of AV malformations,aneurysms,tumors,or vascular accidents.

Question 21

If a secondary small bowel tumor is removed and positive lymph nodes and signs of metastases in the liver are found,how would the tumor be identified?

A) T₁ N₀ M₁
B) T₂ N₁ M₁
C) T₂ N₁ M₀
D) T₁ N₁ M₁

Question 22

Which is a behavior that can be taught to patients to lower the risk of cancer?

A) Increase intake of antiinflammatory medications while exposed to sunlight
B) Use a sunscreen lotion with SPF of at least 5
C) Increase daily caloric intake
D) Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke

Question 23

What reaction may a patient have to radiation therapy?

A) Nausea
B) Increased appetite
C) Increased visual acuity
D) Weight gain

Question 24

Sensory evoked potential (SEP)is useful in diagnosing which type of abnormality?

A) Hepatic tumor
B) Kidney stones
C) Acoustic neuroma
D) Air embolus

Question 25

What type of hormonal therapy is an option in the treatment of cancer?

A) Antiestrogens
B) Antibiotics
C) Hormonal receptors
D) Endocrine manipulation

Question 26

What factors help determine how the tumor cells respond to chemotherapy?

A) Type of tumor
B) Sex of the patient (male vs.female)
C) Age of patient
D) Type of tumor debulking

Question 27

What type of radiologic study can accompany a cholecystectomy?

A) Bronchography
B) Cholangiography
C) Myelography
D) Fluoroscopy

Question 28

Which is a potential complication of a long-term catheter?

A) Spread of cancer cells
B) Loss of bladder control
C) Thrombosis
D) Loss of vascular elasticity

Question 29

Why would an incidental radiograph be taken during a surgical procedure?

A) To check suture lines
B) To look for bleeding
C) To confirm whether an instrument is still in the patient
D) To ensure the bowel anastomosis has a watertight seal

Question 30

Which commonly used contrast medium is given to patients to drink before GI studies.

A) Omnipaque
B) Barium sulfate
C) Iodine/Betadine
D) Magnesium sulfate

Question 31

What affects a patient's response to cancer treatment?

A) Host factors
B) Type of insurance coverage
C) Background and training of oncologist
D) Tumor registry

Question 32

When would an MRI not be used on a patient?

A) To detect a tumor
B) To evaluate the cardiovascular system
C) To detect an abscess
D) To insert a catheter

Question 33

What form of nuclear imaging emits positrons,causing gamma rays to be discharged?

A) MRI
B) PET
C) Ultrasound
D) Fluoroscopy

Question 34

A malignant tumor:

A) migrates from tissue to tissue.
B) grows in an organized manner.
C) increases in size slowly.
D) must always be debulked

Question 35

What type of infusion device has a reservoir that is implanted within a subcutaneous pocket?

A) Intraperitoneal catheter
B) Hickman catheter
C) Groshong catheter
D) Subcutaneous infusion port

Question 36

Which is a type of radiation source that can be implanted?

A) Flouroscopy
B) Brachytherapy
C) Intraperitoneal
D) Subclavian

Question 37

Which is a location where an infusion catheter can be inserted?

A) Artery
B) Lymph node
C) External pouch
D) Peripheral nail bed

Question 38

What type of cancer cells are contained within the organ of origin?

A) Regional cancer
B) Carcinoma in situ
C) Metastatic cancer
D) Localized cancer

Question 39

____ may contribute to the formation of cancerous tumors.

A) Holistic medical care
B) Radiation
C) Endoscopy
D) Excessive protein intake

Question 40

What type of cancer treatment involves the partial removal of the tumor?

A) Endocrine therapy
B) Surgical palliation
C) Surgical debulking
D) Ablation of tumor