Deck 24: Anesthesia: Techniques and Agents

Question 1

When a patient receives moderate sedation,it is expected he will maintain a patent airway independently.

Answer 1

True
Moderate sedation refers to a mild to moderate depressed level of consciousness that allows the patient to maintain a patent airway independently and to respond appropriately to verbal instructions or physical stimulation.

Question 2

Epidural narcotic analgesia provides prolonged postoperative pain relief.

Answer 2

True
Epidurals provide sustained postoperative pain relief or control of pain for patients with intractable or prolonged pain.It can be administered via an indwelling epidural catheter,an implanted catheter with an infusion port,or infusion device.

Question 3

What feature of the anesthesia machine controls the amount of exhaled anesthesia gases vented into the OR?

A) Oxygen analyzer
B) Scavenger system
C) Dosimeter
D) Flowmeter

Answer 3

B
The elimination of waste gas,vented through an exhaust valve into a waste gas scavenger system,controls pollution of the OR air.

Question 4

Assisted respiration means that the patient's respiration rate and volume are being assisted by the anesthesia provider.

Question 5

Benzodiazepines are classified as nondepolarizing or depolarizing.

Question 6

An ideal anesthetic agent should:

A) provide no amnesia.
B) have a slow onset and easy reversibility.
C) provide analgesia that ends at the end of the procedure.
D) have a low index of toxicity.

Question 7

Keeping a patient cold on emergence from anesthesia at the end of a surgical procedure is beneficial in getting the patient's attention.

Question 8

The anesthesia machine should be checked at the beginning of the day to ensure proper use for the entire day.

Question 9

Which is an action used to assist with induction of an obese or pregnant patient?

A) More blankets
B) Extra lights in the room
C) Raise the head of the OR table
D) Speak louder to patient

Question 10

During a local anesthesia case,an anesthesia provider must be present in the room with the patient.

Question 11

What type of inhalation system allows for some exhaled gas to pass into surrounding air but some returns to the inspiratory part of the circuit for rebreathing?

A) Closed system
B) Semi-open system
C) Open system
D) Semi-closed system

Question 12

Any patient who has a full stomach is a hazard to a safe induction of anesthesia.

Question 13

Which is an advantage of endotracheal administration of general anesthetics?

A) Protects the teeth from trauma
B) Ensures a patent airway
C) No incidence of sore throat
D) Decreased work for anesthesia provider

Question 14

Because the patient is awake for the entire case,vital signs do not need to be recorded for a case under local anesthesia.

Question 15

Neuroleptics help to increase a patient's motor activity and awaken a patient out of anesthesia after a procedure.

Question 16

Two occurrences to be avoided during a general anesthetic are hypoventilation and cardiac depression.

Question 17

A spinal headache is caused by persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)leaking through the dura.

Question 18

In a local case,a surgeon may administer the anesthetic in the absence of an anesthesia provider.

Question 19

Which is an indicator of a difficult airway?

A) A mobile cervical spine
B) Long neck
C) Enlarged tongue
D) Enlarged nares

Question 20

Which is a common indicator for an "awake intubation"?

A) Large mouth
B) Absent tonsils
C) Dentures
D) Enlarged tongue

Question 21

Which system can monitor the effects of anesthesia on the brain during a procedure?

A) DTS
B) IMV
C) BIS
D) GPS

Question 22

Where are acupuncture needles inserted on a patient's body?

A) Temple
B) Meridian points
C) Abdomen
D) Wherever the pain exists

Question 23

Which is an anesthetic gas that is similar to halothane and is contraindicated in severe renal disease?

A) Nitrous oxide
B) Desflurane
C) Enflurane
D) Propofol

Question 24

What type of amino ester is commonly used in ENT procedures to reduce bleeding and shrink congested mucous membranes?

A) Xylocaine
B) Cocaine
C) Percaine
D) Marcaine

Question 25

Which is an example of a diagnostic or therapeutic nerve block?

A) Paravertebral lumbar block
B) Intercostal block
C) Bier block
D) Interscalene block

Question 26

Which drug may be used during an adverse reaction to anesthesia to counteract hypotension?

A) Bupivacaine
B) Epinephrine
C) Antihistamines
D) Isuprel

Question 27

Which drug is used to reverse the effects of narcotics given during a surgical procedure?

A) Sublimaze
B) Narcan
C) Sufenta
D) Romazicon

Question 28

Which is an inhalation agent that is administered via facemask for a comfortable,rapid induction?

A) Desflurane
B) Nitrous oxide
C) Thiopental sodium
D) Propofol

Question 29

Which is an IV anesthetic agent that decreases intracranial pressure?

A) Propofol
B) Thiopental sodium
C) Ketamine
D) Desflurane

Question 30

Which is an example of how surface-induced hypothermia of a pediatric patient may be achieved?

A) Irrigation of body cavity with iced saline
B) Cold-flowing circuits of IV fluids
C) Hypothermia cooling blankets
D) Utilizing cold instruments in procedure

Question 31

Which is an alternative anesthesia method used to produce a state of altered consciousness and raise the pain threshold?

A) Acupuncture
B) Reiki
C) Hypnosis
D) Diazepam

Question 32

What type of anesthesia causes the spinal ganglia to be desensitized and diffused into the cerebrospinal fluid?

A) Epidural
B) Local
C) Regional
D) Spinal

Question 33

Which is a desired result of anesthesia?

A) Bradycardia
B) Low arterial blood pressure
C) Muscle relaxation
D) Impaired ventilatory function

Question 34

Which is a short-acting neuromuscular blocking agent?

A) Curare
B) Mivacron
C) Nimbex
D) Zemuron

Question 35

Which is not a symptom of systemic reaction to moderate sedation?

A) Hypertension
B) Hypoventilation
C) Hypotension
D) Combativeness

Question 36

Which drug reverses the action of a muscle relaxant?

A) Succinylcholine
B) Pavulon
C) Prostigmin
D) Nimbex

Question 37

Which is a disadvantage of local anesthesia?

A) Increased apprehension of the patient during the procedure
B) Avoids the effects of general anesthesia
C) Recovery period is minimized
D) Requires minimal equipment

Question 38

Which IV anesthetic agent is contraindicated in pregnancy and hypertension?

A) Propofol
B) Ketamine
C) Thiopental
D) Nitrous oxide

Question 39

Which is an alternate title for monitored anesthesia care (MAC)?

A) Local anesthesia
B) General anesthesia
C) Anesthesia standby
D) Spinal anesthesia

Question 40

Which is a drug used to produce hypotension?

A) Nitroglycerin
B) Lactated Ringer's solution
C) Epinephrine
D) Vasopressin

Question 41

Which is a method of administering a general anesthetic?

A) By mouth
B) Transdermally
C) Inhalation
D) Via the bladder

Question 42

Which piece of emergency equipment should be available at all times and ready for use?

A) Electrosurgery unit
B) Transesophageal transducer
C) Argon beam coagulator
D) Endotracheal tubes

Question 43

Which is an action of epinephrine?

A) Vasodilation
B) Hypotension
C) Sympathetic nerve blocker
D) Prolongs anesthesia

Question 44

Which is a method of administering inhalation gases and vapors?

A) Nasal cannula
B) Intravenously
C) Intramuscular injection
D) Laryngeal mask

Question 45

Which term describes a method of anesthesia production?

A) Balanced
B) Moderate
C) Complete
D) Provisional

Question 46

Which is a function controlled by homeostatic mechanisms?

A) Urine pH
B) Pain level
C) Muscle contraction
D) Heartbeat

Question 47

Which is a main objective in the maintenance of general anesthesia?

A) Ensure analgesia is constant.
B) Maintain consistent hypovolemia.
C) Ensure correct suture lines.
D) Ensure the patient can hear the surgeon begin the procedure.

Question 48

Which is a method used to prevent "rewarming shock"?

A) Quickly induced vasodilation
B) Hypervolemia
C) Immediate blood transfusion
D) Adequate oxygenation

Question 49

What position should a patient be in when receiving spinal anesthesia?

A) Supine
B) Prone
C) Lithotomy
D) Lateral

Question 50

Which technique is used to decrease the patient's intraoperative awareness?

A) Use of the BIS monitor
B) Common use of muscle relaxants and narcotics
C) Use of a hypothermia machine
D) Adequate tissue perfusion

Question 51

Which is a desired result of balanced anesthesia?

A) Hypotension
B) Amnesia
C) Hypervolemia
D) Neuromuscular blockade