Deck 8: Protein

Question 1

Plant sources such as _____ are considered high-quality protein.

A)fruits (avocado,banana)
B)tofu and quinoa
C)vegetables
D)peanuts and tree nuts
E)enriched white rice

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A child suffering from protein malnutrition has a swollen belly appearance due to

A)eating too much fatty foods.
B)eating too much starchy foods.
C)not eating enough protein for tissue fluid balance.
D)not eating enough protein for blood pH balance.
E)not eating enough protein for lean body mass.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is the role of the kidneys in preventing increased blood ammonia with high protein intake?

A)conversion to urea and excretion in urine
B)conversion to uric acid and excretion in the urine
C)filtering of blood and excretion of urea in the urine
D)excretion of ammonia and extra protein in the urine
E)neutralization of uric acid to urea followed by excretion in the urine

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In transcription,information from DNA is transferred to

A)mDNA.
B)mRNA.
C)tRNA.
D)rRNA.
E)nucleic acids.

Question 5

A patient with low protein intake has frequent illness and infections.You suspect this may be due to

A)not enough protein to support wound healing.
B)not enough protein for antibody synthesis.
C)not enough protein for tissue fluid balance.
D)not enough protein for proper blood pH balance.
E)not enough protein for hormone regulation.

Question 6

Pancreatic proteases in the small intestines break polypeptides into

A)transport proteins.
B)amino acids.
C)proteases.
D)peptide fragments.
E)actin.

Question 7

Which list orders peptides from largest to smallest?

A)polypeptides,dipeptides,tripeptides,amino acids
B)amino acids,polypeptides,tripeptides,dipeptides
C)polypeptides,tripeptides,dieptides,amino acids
D)tripeptides,dipeptides,polypeptides,amino acids
E)tripeptides,amino acids,polypeptides,dipeptides

Question 8

Intestinal mucosa proteases (brush border enzymes)break peptides into

A)polypeptides.
B)transport proteins.
C)actin.
D)pepsin.
E)tripeptides,dipeptides,and amino acids.

Question 9

What happens if the shape of a protein is altered?

A)protein function is affected
B)nutritional value is decreased
C)nutritional value is increased
D)the protein is rendered indigestible
E)caloric value is changed

Question 10

Which combination provides an example of protein complementation?

A)eggs and whole grain toast
B)rice and mashed potatoes
C)pasta and bread sticks
D)peanut butter sandwich
E)tossed salad with cranberries

Question 11

The processes by which proteins are continuously broken down and resynthesized is known as

A)protein balance.
B)protein synthesis.
C)protein turnover.
D)protein transcription.
E)protein translation.

Question 12

Wheat does not contain enough lysine for protein synthesis.Therefore,wheat is

A)a nonessential protein.
B)an incomplete protein.
C)a limiting amino acid.
D)an inadequate amino aciD.
E)a dispensable protein.

Question 13

To prevent toxic buildup of ammonia in the body with high protein intake

A)the kidneys convert ammonia to the less toxic uric acid.
B)the kidneys convert ammonia the less toxic urea.
C)the muscles convert ammonia to urea for use as fuel.
D)the liver converts ammonia to the less toxic uric aciD.
E)the liver converts ammonia to the less toxic urea.

Question 14

If a weight lifter consumes protein drinks beyond her caloric needs,what will happen to the extra protein?

A)Extra protein will increase lean body mass.
B)Extra protein will be transformed into glucose.
C)Extra protein will be transformed into glycogen.
D)Extra protein will be transformed into fat.
E)Extra protein will cause edema and fatty liver.

Question 15

Which substance is NOT involved in protein digestion?

A)pepsin
B)hydrochloric acid
C)salivary proteases
D)amino acid
E)pancreatic proteases

Question 16

In the stomach,protein is digested by

A)amino transporters and aminopeptidase.
B)hydrochloric acid and salivary proteases.
C)pepsin and pancreatic proteases.
D)salivary proteases and pepsin.
E)hydrochloric acid and pepsin.

Question 17

All of these are included in the calculation of nitrogen balance,except

A)urinary nitrogen loss.
B)fecal nitrogen loss.
C)protein intake.
D)musculoskeletal composition.
E)nitrogen loss from skin,sweat,and hair.

Question 18

Which individual does not require higher than the recommended 0.8 g per kg of body weight per day protein intake?

A)an endurance and strength athlete
B)a middle-age individual starting a fitness program
C)a pregnant woman
D)an elderly individual with muscle atrophy
E)a patient with a burn injury

Question 19

Which condition is most likely to produce negative nitrogen balance?

A)the third trimester of pregnancy
B)growth following puberty
C)an individual starting an resistance exercise training
D)an elderly person bed ridden because of a hip fracture
E)recovery from a fever

Question 20

What two steps are required for protein synthesis?

A)translation and protein folding
B)transcription and translation
C)transcription and translocation
D)translation and denaturation
E)transcription and deamination

Question 21

Which food group provides the least amount of protein?

A)grain and grain products
B)milk and dairy products
C)cooked vegetables
D)fruits
E)legumes

Question 22

Which list contains only essential amino acids?

A)aspartic acid,alanine,proline
B)methionine,tyrosine,valine
C)glycine,serine,arginine
D)tyrosine,cysteine,alanine
E)arginine,glutamic acid,glutamine

Question 23

Which list contains only nonessential amino acids?

A)tryptophan,valine,phenylalanine
B)methionine,threonine,histidine
C)glycine,serine,arginine
D)isoleucine,leucine,lysine
E)arginine,histidine,lysine

Question 24

After removal of nitrogen from an amino acid,the carbon skeleton that is left CANNOT be used for

A)glucose synthesis.
B)neurotransmitter synthesis.
C)ketone body synthesis.
D)energy source.
E)fat synthesis.

Question 25

Making certain that nitrogen intake is equal to nitrogen output is appropriate for

A)a patient to recover from severe burns.
B)an inactive elderly individual with muscle atrophy.
C)a growing toddler.
D)a woman in the second trimester of pregnancy.
E)maintenance in a healthy-weight adult.

Question 26

Which is NOT true about a child with kwashiorkor?

A)The child's protein requirements are not met.
B)The child's caloric needs are met.
C)The child has a plump appearance because of edema.
D)The child is at higher risk of infections.
E)The child was breastfed.

Question 27

An individual with diabetes decides to switch to a low-carbohydrate,high-protein diet.What is a safety concern involved with this switch?

Question 28

How many grams of protein does a healthy 25-year-old female weighing 65 kg need each day? Show your calculation.

Question 29

In developed countries,a protein deficiency would most commonly occur in

A)a weight lifter who is not taking protein supplements.
B)a freshman with poor dietary habits.
C)an child who is allergic to dairy.
D)an alcoholic who swaps food for alcohol.
E)an endurance runner who is a vegan.

Question 30

Amino acids differ based on

A)their peptide bonds.
B)their central carbon location.
C)their number of hydrogen groups.
D)their side chain.
E)their amino group.

Question 31

Why can a low-carbohydrate diet result in muscle loss?

Question 32

All of these conditions can cause protein denaturation,except

A)high temperatures from cooking.
B)digestion by pancreatic proteases.
C)the presence of hydrochloric acid.
D)a change in blood pH.
E)an increase in body temperature due to high fever.

Question 33

Which contributes high-quality protein with the lowest saturated fat content?

A)American cheese
B)ground beef
C)skinless baked chicken breast
D)whole boiled egg
E)grilled salmon

Question 34

Describe protein digestion in the stomach.

Question 35

What are some potential safety concerns about high-protein diets?

Question 36

A patient with low protein intake has brittle hair and nails.You suspect this symptom may be due to the patient consuming insufficient protein for

A)hormone regulation.
B)antibody synthesis.
C)tissue fluid balance.
D)proper blood pH balance.
E)collagen synthesis.

Question 37

Which individual is most likely to be in positive nitrogen balance?

A)a weight lifter starting resistance training
B)an inactive elderly individual
C)a rapidly growing infant
D)a healthy-weight adult in maintenance
E)an endurance runner after a marathon

Question 38

Plants generally contain low-quality protein.How can vegans prevent protein deficiency without having to rely on consuming soy or soy products?

Question 39

Which is the most important factor for determining an adult's protein requirement?

A)age
B)height
C)weight
D)gender
E)muscle and fat mass

Question 40

Which foods are considered low-quality proteins?

A)quinoa and amaranth
B)soy and soy products
C)low-fat dairy products
D)egg whites
E)brown rice and whole grains

Question 41

What is the difference between kwashiorkor and marasmus?

Question 42

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)for protein intake while on a 2,000 calorie diet should be_____ calories.Show your calculations.

Question 43

George,who is 21 years old,weighs 90 kg,is a strict vegan,and has recently become a competitive body builder.Determine his protein requirements and come up with a menu plan to fit his lifestyle.

Question 44

Margaret,who is 55 years old and weights 55 kg,is worried about becoming frail,like her elderly mother,Martha.She is not active,but she consumes a high-protein diet of 1.5 g per kg of body weight per day from animal protein sources.Come up with a better plan and convince Margaret that it will improve her health.

Question 45

How many grams of protein should a frail 75-year-old man with muscle atrophy weighing 65 kg consume each day? Show your calculation.

Question 46

Martha―who is 80 years old,weighs 47 kg,and is inactive―is experiencing a loss of appetite and muscle mass.She is not interested in expensive protein supplements or drinks.Determine her protein requirements and come up with a menu plan that she can easily implement to increase her protein intake.

Question 47

The average American man consumes 100 g of protein per day,and the average American woman consumes 70 g of protein per day.Are these within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for protein intake while on a 2,000 kcal diet? Show your calculations.

Question 48

What is the range of daily protein intake (g)for a female competitive long distance runner weighing 50 kg? Show your calculations.

Question 49

Where do the amino acids that make up the amino acid pool come from,and what is the pool used for?

Question 50

How many grams of protein should a healthy50-year-old man weighing 70 kg consume each day? Show your calculations.