Deck 14: Trace Minerals

Question 1

Trace minerals are those needed in daily amounts of

A)less than 25 milligrams.
B)between 25-50 milligrams.
C)less than 100 milligrams.
D)more than 250 milligrams.
E)more than 500 milligrams.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Macie has staining and pitting of her teeth.She drinks three glasses of milk per day and enjoys yogurt as a snack.She lives in an urban area of the United States and regularly brushes her teeth and rinses afterward with a cavity-fighting solution.The cause of the stains and pits in her teeth are most likely caused by

A)excessive copper.
B)inadequate calcium.
C)excessive calcium.
D)inadequate fluoride.
E)excessive fluoridE.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The thyroid gland is sensitive to the amount of iodine in the blood.If there is not enough iodine,the thyroid gland can

A)decrease in size.
B)increase in size.
C)interfere with blood clotting.
D)interfere with vision.
E)affect urination.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The majority of total iodine intake in the United States comes from

A)iodized table salt.
B)milk and processed grain products.
C)ready-to-eat frozen foods.
D)salad dressing.
E)fresh fruit.

Question 5

Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include all of the following,except

A)excessive bleeding.
B)decreased immune function.
C)fatigue.
D)susceptibility to infections.
E)slow childhood cognitive development.

Question 6

A naturally occurring source of iodine can be found in

A)vegetables.
B)poultry.
C)seafood.
D)fruit.
E)beef.

Question 7

Why are chronic alcoholics at risk for zinc deficiency?

A)They don't eat enough calories.
B)They sleep too much.
C)Their kidneys are overworked.
D)Alcohol reduces zinc absorption and increases zinc excretion via urine.
E)Alcohol increases metabolism.

Question 8

Which one of the following could inhibit zinc absorption?

A)milk
B)beef
C)whole grains
D)chicken
E)fruit

Question 9

To consume adequate trace minerals without taking a dietary supplement,a person should

A)eat a variety of foods across food groups.
B)focus on proteins.
C)focus on fruits.
D)focus on vegetables.
E)focus on grains.

Question 10

Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by

A)blood loss due to menstruation.
B)frequent blood donations.
C)being pregnant.
D)insufficient intake of iron.
E)All of the abovE.

Question 11

Which of the following is the major function of fluoride?

A)enhancing taste
B)building muscle
C)preventing dental caries
D)providing energy
E)improving sleep

Question 12

A vegetarian could consume good sources of dietary iron by eating

A)iron-fortified cereal.
B)raisins.
C)dried plums.
D)beans/legumes.
E)All of the abovE.

Question 13

Heme iron is found in

A)myoglobin only.
B)hemoglobin only.
C)both hemoglobin and myoglobin.
D)neither hemoglobin nor myoglobin.
E)anemia-globin.

Question 14

How would you identify an iodine deficiency?

A)look for a goiter and test for hypothyroidism
B)perform a hearing test
C)administer a vision and hearing test
D)perform urinalysis
E)calculate BMI

Question 15

All of the following are symptoms of zinc deficiency,except

A)impaired immune function.
B)delayed sexual maturation.
C)vision loss.
D)weight loss.
E)slowed growth in children.

Question 16

Which one of the following describes the primary function of selenium?

A)co-factor for enzymes to activate thyroid hormone
B)clotting factor to prevent bleeding
C)wound healing
D)protecting vision
E)transporting oxygen to organs throughout the body

Question 17

Gus enjoys a variety of snacks,including popcorn,pistachios,oranges,bananas,and frozen yogurt.Which of those is the best source of dietary copper?

A)popcorn
B)pistachios
C)orange
D)banana
E)frozen yogurt

Question 18

The bioavailability of trace minerals can be affected by

A)the form of the food.
B)our nutrition status.
C)pregnancy.
D)age.
E)All of the abovE.

Question 19

Food sources of selenium include all of the following,except

A)light tuna (canned in water).
B)asparagus.
C)cashews.
D)raw cherries.
E)parmesan cheesE.

Question 20

To increase the absorption of iron,you can serve a food with non-heme iron with

A)foods with calcium.
B)foods with vitamin D
C)foods with sodium.
D)foods with vitamin C.
E)foods with potassium.

Question 21

Trace minerals include all of the following,except

A)molybdenum.
B)manganese.
C)sodium.
D)chromium.
E)fluoridE.

Question 22

An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)slows the metabolic rate.This translates to symptoms such as

A)weight loss and increased energy.
B)weight loss and fatigue.
C)weight gain and excessive sweat.
D)weight gain and fatigue.
E)There are no symptoms associated with a slowed metabolic ratE.

Question 23

When someone is already consuming a diet low in vitamin E,what may result from consuming a diet that is deficient in selenium?

A)anemia
B)a goiter
C)headaches
D)vitamin E deficiency
E)blindness

Question 24

Nonprotein,inorganic substances that enable enzymes to carry out chemical reactions are

A)trace minerals.
B)major minerals.
C)ultratrace minerals.
D)co-factors.
E)hormones.

Question 25

The trace mineral that is NOT an essential nutrient is

A)iron.
B)zinc.
C)copper.
D)iodine.
E)fluoridE.

Question 26

Research studies have NOT found that supplementation with chromium

A)improves mood.
B)increases weight loss.
C)improves muscle mass.
D)controls blood sugar.
E)All of the abovE.

Question 27

A child is admitted to the emergency department with symptoms of nausea,diarrhea,dizziness,and confusion.His mother found an open dietary supplement bottle for a single trace mineral.A poisoning with which trace mineral would most likely have caused the child's symptoms?

A)iodine
B)zinc
C)selenium
D)copper
E)iron

Question 28

What are three of the six general properties of the trace minerals?

Question 29

Which trace mineral is needed for the regulation of protein synthesis and reproduction and immune functions?

A)iron
B)zinc
C)copper
D)selenium
E)iodine

Question 30

The most common mineral deficiency worldwide is

A)iron deficiency.
B)iron toxicity.
C)zinc deficiency.
D)calcium deficiency.
E)protein deficiency.

Question 31

The amount of iodine in a food is affected by

A)the iodine content of the soil in which the plant grew.
B)whether the plant or fish is from the ocean.
C)whether iodized salt has been added.
D)the iodine content of the soil and whether salt has been addeD.
E)All of the abovE.

Question 32

Cretinism is a consequence of a pregnant woman with an iron deficiency and is associated with all of the following symptoms,except

A)muteness.
B)blindness.
C)delayed sexual maturation.
D)stunted growth.
E)mental retardation.

Question 33

The thyroid gland is located in the

A)brain.
B)cheek.
C)neck.
D)armpit.
E)abdomen.

Question 34

National nutrition studies indicate two populations in the United States are consuming less than the recommended amounts of iron.These groups are

A)older adults and alcoholics.
B)women of childbearing age and alcoholics.
C)older adults and women of childbearing age.
D)women of childbearing age and young children.
E)alcoholics and young children.

Question 35

Which mineral is taken up by the thyroid gland from the blood,thus releasing thyroid hormone?

Question 36

Non-heme iron is found in

A)meat and fish.
B)legumes and lentils.
C)dried fruits.
D)beans and dried fruits.
E)All of the abovE.

Question 37

An example of a salad that could be consumed by a vegetarian to maximize iron absorption would be

A)iceberg lettuce and ranch dressing.
B)iceberg lettuce and carrots.
C)all fruit salad.
D)spinach and mandarin orange.
E)spinach and cottage cheesE.

Question 38

Which of the following is TRUE about thyroid-stimulating hormone?

A)It is released by the kidneys.
B)It is released by the liver.
C)It is released by the gallbladder.
D)It is released by the pituitary glanD.
E)It is released by the hippocampus.

Question 39

What are two negative outcomes for a mother who has a deficiency of iodine while pregnant?

Question 40

A deficiency in which trace mineral besides iron may result in anemia? A deficiency in this trace mineral is commonly secondary to another factor.

Question 41

Vegans would be more likely to have deficiencies of which trace minerals?

Question 42

Identify the primary reason to which the United States attributes the decline in tooth decay in the population.

Question 43

Devon is a young adult who regularly eats fast food for all of his meals,primarily choosing items from the value menus.Which trace minerals is he most likely to have a deficiency of,and why?

Question 44

Explain why pregnant women require supplementation of both iodine and iron.

Question 45

Why are women aged 19 to 50 years more likely to be iron deficient than men of the same age group?

Question 46

Two trace minerals have been added to American diets.What are they and to what have they each been added?

Question 47

Why are athletes who train at high intensity at risk for iron deficiency?

Question 48

Why might 30% of the world's people be affected by iron deficiency anemia?

Question 49

Are any of the trace minerals listed on a Nutrition Facts label? If so,which one(s)?

Question 50

Why might a dietitian recommend increasing bread and cereal consumption to a client with anemia?

Question 51

Meredith is a freshman who runs on the cross-country team for her university and trains year round.Her training intensity has increased significantly in the three months she has been on campus.She is feeling tired and sluggish,and is struggling in class.She adopted a vegetarian diet for weight maintenance,but she is wondering if she should modify her diet again.Explain why Meredith might be feeling the way she is.Give suggestions for one day's worth of vegetarian meals and snacks and the reasons you selected these food and beverage items.