Deck 12: Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures

Question 1

Any image that must be performed more than once because of human or mechanical error during the production of the initial image is known as a repeat image.What effect does a repeat image have on the radiation dose received by the patient?

A)The patient receives no additional radiation dose.
B)The patient's skin and possibly the gonads receive a double radiation dose.
C)The patient's critical organs receive a radiation dose that is 10 times greater than the initial radiation dose.
D)The patient's superficial tissues only receive a radiation dose that is four times as great as that of the original radiation dose.

Answer 1

The patient's skin and possibly the gonads receive a double radiation dose.

Question 2

When a pregnant patient must undergo a radiographic procedure,which of the following practices will minimize radiation exposure?

A)Selecting technical exposure factors that are appropriate for the part of the body to be radiographed
B)Opening the x-ray beam collimator shutters as wide as possible to ensure complete coverage of the image receptor
C)Precisely collimating the radiographic beam to include only the anatomic area of interest and shielding the lower abdomen and pelvis when this area does not need to be included in the area to be irradiated
D)A and C

Answer 2

A and C

Question 3

In fluoroscopy,the amount of radiation that a patient receives is usually estimated by measuring the radiation exposure rate at tabletop and multiplying this by the:

A)fluoroscopy time.
B)distance between the fluoroscope and the patient.
C)square of the distance between the fluoroscope and the patient.
D)radiographic exposure factors.

Answer 3

fluoroscopy time.

Question 4

Which of the following is frequently a problem in diagnostic pediatric radiography?

A)Lack of availability of appropriate pediatric immobilization devices
B)Lack of cooperation of parents or guardian
C)Lack of appropriate individuals to assist in holding a pediatric patient during an exposure
D)Patient motion

Question 5

According to the American College of Radiology (ACR),abdominal radiologic examinations that have been requested after full consideration of the clinical status of a patient,including the possibility of pregnancy,need:

A)not to be postponed or selectively scheduled.
B)to be postponed or selectively scheduled.
C)to be postponed and scheduled at least 10 days after the start of the next menstrual period.
D)to be postponed and scheduled 10 days before the end of the next menstrual period.

Question 6

Which of the following are considered to be benefits of an aggressive repeat analysis program?
1)Increased awareness among staff and student radiographers of the need to produce optimal quality recorded images
2)Radiographers generally become more careful in producing their images because they are aware that the images are being reviewed
3)When the repeat analysis program identifies problems or concerns,in-service education programs covering these specific topics may be designed for imaging personnel

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 7

If a child is placed in a CT scanner and adult protocols are used:

A)the child will receive the same dose as an adult.
B)the child will receive a lower dose than the adult.
C)the child will receive a higher dose than the adult.
D)there is no radiation dose.

Question 8

The goal of the Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging is to:

A)increase awareness of the need to reduce patient dose for pediatric patients.
B)completely eliminate the use of CT imaging for all pediatric patients.
C)completely eliminate the use of CT imaging for pediatric patients younger than 1 year of age.
D)completely eliminate the use of CT imaging for pediatric patients between the ages of 3 and 4 years old.

Question 9

________________________ are the sensing devices most often used to measure skin dose directly.

A)Thermoluminescent dosimeters
B)A sequence of aluminum equivalent filters of varying thicknesses
C)Lead-impregnated filters
D)Molybdenum and rhodium filters

Question 10

When automatic exposure control (AEC) is not used,then to ensure uniform selection of technical x-ray exposure factors,efficient imaging departments:

A)estimate technical exposure factors for all radiographic examinations.
B)have the radiologist determine and set up all technical exposure factor charts.
C)use technique charts borrowed from another imaging facility.
D)use standardized technique charts for each x-ray unit.

Question 11

The genetically significant dose (GSD) for the population of the United States is about:

A)1.00 mSv.
B)0.80 mSv.
C)0.40 mSv.
D)0.20 mSv.

Question 12

Which of the following types of gonadal shielding provides the best protection for a male patient when AP,oblique,and lateral projections are obtained?

A)Flat contact shield containing 1 mm of lead
B)Shadow shield
C)Shaped contact shield containing 1 mm of lead
D)None of the above because gonadal shielding is unnecessary for male patients of any age

Question 13

Poorly processed images on radiographic film will:

A)continue to have archival quality.
B)deteriorate over time.
C)lose only a minimal amount of archival quality over a 10-year period.
D)remain in their original condition.

Question 14

Digital mammography units with the ability to enhance contrast with image gray-level manipulation offer:

A)improvement for patients with small breasts.
B)improvement for patients with microcalcifications in small breasts.
C)improvement for patients with dense breasts.
D)poor quality images for patients with dense breasts and microcalcifications.

Question 15

During a radiographic examination,which of the following combinations of technical exposure factors and filtration reduce patient radiation dose?

A)Lower kVp,higher mAs,decreased filtration
B)Higher kVp,lower mAs,increased filtration
C)Higher kVp,higher mAs,decreased filtration
D)Lower kVp,lower mAs,increased filtration

Question 16

During mammography,axillary projections should be done only on request of the:

A)ordering physician.
B)patient.
C)radiologist.
D)technologist performing the examination.

Question 17

In a remote control fluoroscopic room where the x-ray tube is located above the patient,protective shielding should:

A)be placed over the patient.
B)be placed under the patient.
C)be placed alongside the patient.
D)not be used.

Question 18

The radiation dose absorbed by an organ such as bone marrow:

A)can be accurately measured by a direct method.
B)cannot be measured by a direct method;it can only be estimated.
C)is negligible for all diagnostic radiography examinations.
D)can only be measured to a small degree by a direct method.

Question 19

Which of the following must always be the first step in protection of the reproductive organs?

A)Adequate and precise collimation of the radiographic beam to include only the anatomy of interest
B)Use of gonadal shielding
C)Use of a mobile protective shielding device
D)Use of digital imaging equipment rather than conventional equipment

Question 20

Specific area shielding may be selectively used during some x-ray procedures to protect which of the following?
1)Lens of the eye
2)Breast
3)Extremities

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 21

In the event that a pregnant patient is inadvertently irradiated:

A)the radiographer performing the examination should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.
B)the imaging department manager should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.
C)the radiologic physicist should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.
D)the radiologist should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.

Question 22

Because most medical procedures result in fetal exposures:

A)greater than 5 Gy,the risk of abnormality is large.
B)greater than 1 Gy,the risk of abnormality is large.
C)less than 0.5 Gy but greater than 0.01 Gy,the risk of abnormality is small.
D)less than 0.01 Gy,the risk of abnormality is small.

Question 23

When technical radiographic exposures are to be selected,which of the following are some of the factors that should be considered?
1)Mass per unit volume of tissue of the area of clinical interest
2)Effective atomic numbers and electron densities of the tissue involved
3)Type and quantity of filtration used

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 24

Studies of groups such as the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima have shown that damage to newborns is unlikely for doses below:

A)5 Gy.
B)2 Gy.
C)0.5 Gy.
D)0.2 Gy.

Question 25

Of the following radiologic procedures,which is(are) considered nonessential?

A)A chest x-ray on scheduled admission to the hospital
B)Lumbar spine x-rays as part of a preemployment physical examination
C)Whole-body multislice computed tomography (CT) screening
D)All of the above