Deck 4: Radiation Quantities and Units

Question 1

Which of the following formulas is used to calculate effective dose?
1. EfD =(D x W_R)₁ + (D x W_R)₂ + (D x W_R)₃
2. EfD =D x W_R x W_T
3. EfD=D ÷ W_R x W_T

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Answer 1

2 only

Question 2

0.2 Gy equals

A)2 mGy
B)20 mGy
C)200 mGy
D)2000 mGy

Answer 2

200 mGy

Question 3

Who was the first American radiation worker to die from radiation-induced cancer in October of 1904?

A)Thomas A.Edison
B)Wilhelm C.Roentgen
C)Clarence Madison Dally
D)Marie Curie

Answer 3

Clarence Madison Dally

Question 4

What theory relates the ionization produced in a small cavity within an irradiated medium or object to the energy absorbed in that medium as a result of its radiation exposure?

A)Air kerma
B)Bragg-Gray
C)Committed dose
D)Tissue kerma

Question 5

The total kinetic energy released in a unit mass (kilogram)of air and expressed in metric units of joules per kilogram is

A)absorbed dose.
B)air kerma.
C)effective dose.
D)equivalent dose.

Question 6

As the intensity of x-ray exposure of the air volume increases,the number of electron-ion pairs produced

A)also increases.
B)decreases considerably.
C)decreases slightly.
D)remains the same.

Question 7

What instrument can be calibrated to read air kerma?

A)Amp meter
B)Coulomb counter
C)Standard,or free-air,ionization chamber
D)Voltmeter

Question 8

The whole-body TEDE regulatory limit for exposed personnel is _____________ and ______________ for the general public.

A)0.05 Sv;0.001 Sv
B)0.15 Sv;0.015 Sv
C)0.25 Sv;0.025 Sv
D)0.5 Sv;0.1 Sv

Question 9

Alpha particles have a radiation weighting factor (WR)that is numerically equal to

A)1.
B)5.
C)10.
D)20.

Question 10

Which of the following is essentially the sum total of air kerma over the exposed area of the patient's body surface?

A)Absorbed dose
B)Dose area product
C)Effective dose
D)Equivalent dose

Question 11

In the SI system,an energy absorption of 1 J/kg of matter in the irradiated object equals which of the following?

A)10 Sv
B)5 C/kg
C)1 mSv
D)1 Gy

Question 12

For x-ray and gamma ray photons with energies up to 3 million electron volts (MeV),which of the following radiation quantities may be defined as the measure of the total electric charge of one sign,either all pluses or all minuses,per unit mass that these two types of radiation generate in dry air at standard temperature and pressure (760 mm Hg or 1 atmosphere at sea level and 22° C)?

A)Absorbed dose
B)Equivalent dose
C)Exposure
D)Collective effective dose

Question 13

What do radiation weighting factors take into consideration?
1)The overall risk of exposure to humans from ionizing radiation
2)Both the internal and external dose measurements
3)The fact that some types of radiation are more efficient at causing biologic damage than other types of radiation for a given dose.

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 14

Which of the following are early tissue reactions of ionizing radiation that were experienced by early radiation workers?
1)Diffuse redness of skin
2)Blood disorders
3)Organ atrophy
4)Intestinal disorders

A)1,2,and 3 only
B)2,3,and 4 only
C)1,2,and 4 only
D)1,2,3,and 4

Question 15

If 400 people receive an average effective dose of 0.25 Sv,what is the collective effective dose?

A)100 person-Sv
B)200 person-Sv
C)800 person-Sv
D)1600 person-Sv

Question 16

Which of the following units of measure are not SI units?
1)Roentgens
2)Coulombs per kilogram,grays,sieverts
3)Rads and rems

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1 and 3 only

Question 17

Cataract formation,fibrosis,reduced fertility and sterility are classified as

A)early tissue reactions of ionizing radiation.
B)late tissue reactions of ionizing radiation.
C)hereditary effects of ionizing radiation.
D)stochastic effects of ionizing radiation.

Question 18

1 gray equals

A)10 J/kg.
B)100 J/kg.
C)100 cGy.
D)1000 cGy.

Question 19

Which of the following types of ionizing radiation produce virtually the same biologic effect in body tissue for equal absorbed doses?

A)X-rays,beta particles,and gamma rays
B)Alpha particles,beta particles,and gamma rays
C)X-rays,neutrons,and gamma rays
D)X-rays,alpha particles,and fast neutrons

Question 20

How is dose area product usually specified?

A)In coulomb per kilogram
B)In ergs per gram
C)In subunits of millisievert
D)In units of mGy-cm2

Question 21

Beta particles are actually

A)gamma rays.
B)high-speed electrons.
C)protons.
D)x-rays.

Question 22

Who discovered x-rays on November 8,1895?

A)Thomas A.Edison
B)Clarence Madison Dally
C)Louis Harold Gray
D)Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

Question 23

Which of the following is the SI unit of electric current?

A)Ampere
B)Coulomb per kilogram
C)Erg
D)Sievert

Question 24

Among physicians,cancer deaths attributed to x-ray exposure were reported as early as

A)1910.
B)1930.
C)1937.
D)1945.

Question 25

In therapeutic radiology what SI units are now routinely used to specify absorbed dose?

A)Coulomb per kilogram and roentgen
B)Air kerma and microgray
C)Gray and centigray
D)Sievert and millisievert