Deck 15: Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection

Question 1

If enough explosives are used to spread radioactive material over a broad area,then radioactivity is

A)extremely hazardous and may be much higher than background levels.
B)moderately hazardous and may be higher than background levels.
C)slightly hazardous and may be only slightly higher than background levels.
D)diluted and may not be much higher than background levels.

Answer 1

diluted and may not be much higher than background levels.

Question 2

Gamma rays differ from x-rays

A)because they are a form of electromagnetic radiation and x-rays are not.
B)because x-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation and gamma rays are not.
C)only in the method of how they are produced.
D)only because they are of much lower energy.

Answer 2

only in the method of how they are produced.

Question 3

The National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health maintain a website that contains a wealth of information on dealing with radiation emergencies.It contains which of the following?
1)Both basic and advanced methods for decontamination
2)Methods to reduce exposure
3)Specific medical emergency procedures for various situations

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Answer 3

1,2,and 3

Question 4

Diagnostic techniques in nuclear medicine typically make use of ___________ radioisotopes as radioactive tracers.

A)long-lived
B)short-lived
C)very weak
D)potentially lethal

Question 5

In __________,a neutron transforms itself into a combination of a proton and an energetic electron.

A)alpha decay
B)beta decay
C)gamma decay
D)x-ray absorption

Question 6

During a radiation emergency,the dose limit for individuals engaging in lifesaving activities is

A)50 mSv per event.
B)100 mSv per event.
C)250 mSv per event.
D)500 mSv per event.

Question 7

At the conclusion of a brachytherapy or diagnostic radionuclide procedure,any residual isotope

A)is to be returned to its shielded container.
B)is to be returned to its unshielded container.
C)thrown directly into a regular trash can for disposal.
D)dumped into any regular sink and washed down the drain.

Question 8

The design of a _______________ imaging suite involves significant radiation safety concerns.

A)diagnostic x-ray
B)computed radiography
C)computed tomography
D)PET and CT

Question 9

Tellurium-125 (¹²⁵Te)has

A)125 protons and 125 neutrons.
B)75 protons and 63 neutrons.
C)52 protons and 73 neutrons.
D)45 protons and 58 neutrons.

Question 10

Therapeutic radioisotopes are characterized by

A)very short half-lives.
B)half-lives that are exactly the same.
C)relatively long half-lives.
D)half-lives that remain constant for all eternity.

Question 11

A solid encapsulated radioactive source

A)can be handled with the hands without any protective covering of the hands.
B)can be handled with the hands at any time as long as vinyl gloves are worn.
C)can only occasionally be handled with the hands as long as vinyl gloves are worn.
D)is never to be touched directly with the hands;instead long tongs which add distance should be used.

Question 12

Each Fluorine-18 (¹⁸F)nuclear transformation by positron decay yields two highly penetrating _________ photons.

A)250-keV
B)472-keV
C)511-kev
D)777-keV

Question 13

Considering the design of the medical imaging suites listed below,which suite requires shielding for the highest energy photons?

A)CT suite
B)PET imaging suite
C)Digital mammography suite
D)Digital fluoroscopy suite

Question 14

Iodine-125 (¹²⁵I)in the form of titanium-encapsulated cylindrical seeds has been used quite extensively since 2000 to give a tumoricidal radiation equivalent dose for

A)malignant brain tumors.
B)malignant breast tumors.
C)malignant lung tumors.
D)prostate cancers that are confined within the prostate gland.

Question 15

During a radiation emergency,if the dose rate exceeds ____________,emergency personnel should await specific instructions from radiation experts on how to proceed.

A)0.1 Sv/hr
B)0.5 Sv/hr
C)1.0 Sv/hr
D)5.0 Sv/hr

Question 16

The actual long-term health effects of a "dirty bomb" are likely to be

A)catastrophic.
B)maximal.
C)minimal.
D)nonexistent.

Question 17

Radioiodide tablets that dissolve in the bloodstream permit an escape of some radioactivity through
1)the pores of the skin.
2)urination.
3)vomiting in some special cases.

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 18

What is the half-life of Technetium-99m?

A)6 hours
B)3 hours
C)6 minutes
D)3 minutes

Question 19

While a patient receiving Iodine-131 (¹³¹I)therapy is hospitalized,a large,_________,rolling lead shield can be positioned between the patient and any attending personnel for protection.

A)up to 25-mm or 1-inch-thick
B)up to 50-mm or 2-inch-thick
C)up to 75-mm or 3-inch-thick
D)up to 150-mm or 6-inch-thick

Question 20

Radioactive material that is attached to or associated with dust particles or in liquid form on various surfaces defines the term

A)radioactive contamination.
B)radioactive dispersal device.
C)radioactive fallout.
D)radioactive syndrome.