Deck 4: Ritual

Question 1

Navaho healing rituals commonly include:

A)creating a sand painting
B)taking hallucinogenic drugs
C)spirit possession
D)sacrificing sheep

Answer 1

creating a sand painting

Question 2

A technological ritual is one that is involved with:

A)controlling an aspect of nature such as bringing rain
B)moving people into new social categories or statuses
C)curing illness and death
D)causing the death of an individual

Answer 2

controlling an aspect of nature such as bringing rain

Question 3

A regular Sunday morning Christian service would be classified primarily as a:

A)rites of passage
B)social rites of intensification
C)revitalization rituals
D)salvation rituals

Answer 3

social rites of intensification

Question 4

The Navaho "Blessing Way" is performed,in part,to reestablish harmony with the universe so that an ill person might be cured of the illness.This is an example of a(n):

A)technological ritual
B)ideological ritual
C)therapy ritual
D)revitalization ritual

Question 5

A ritual that focuses on the religious experience of the individual,such as possession,is called a(n):

A)salvation ritual
B)ideological ritual
C)therapy ritual
D)revitalization ritual

Question 6

A prescriptive ritual that one that is:

A)performed because of the will or desire of a deity
B)associated with critical events in the life of an individual
C)involved with an altered state of consciousness
D)celebrated on a ritual calendar

Question 7

Ideological rituals include:

A)hunting & gathering rites of intensification
B)therapy rituals
C)social rites of intensification
D)salvation rituals

Question 8

A periodic ritual is one that is:

A)performed because of the will or desire of a deity
B)associated with critical events in the life of an individual
C)celebrated on a ritual calendar
D)involved with an altered state of consciousness

Question 9

A ritual brings about illness,accident or death is called a(n):

A)therapy ritual
B)anti-therapy ritual
C)antisocial ritual
D)devitalization ritual

Question 10

An offering is:

A)an economic exchange designed to influence the supernatural
B)the destruction of something of value
C)the killing of an animal
D)all of the above

Question 11

The anthropological study of medicinal plants is part of:

A)ethnobotany
B)ethnomusicology
C)anthrobotany
D)arboretumology

Question 12

Yoruba taxi cab drivers will sacrifice an animal to the god Ogun.This is an example of a:

A)hunting & gathering rite of intensification
B)protective ritual
C)therapeutic ritual
D)rite of passage

Question 13

Religiously based causes of illness include:

A)soul loss
B)witchcraft
C)spirit intrusion
D)all of the above

Question 14

When an Inuit hunter kills a seal,fresh water is placed in the mouth of the seal.This is an example of a:

A)hunting & gathering rite of intensification
B)rite of passage
C)therapeutic ritual
D)revitalization ritual

Question 15

A patterned act that involves the manipulation of religious objects is termed a:

A)spell
B)ritual
C)sacrifice
D)prayer

Question 16

Examples of prescribed,periodic rituals include all of the following except:

A)Diwali
B)Quinceañeras
C)Passover
D)Ramadan

Question 17

Rituals that reinforce community standards of behavior and community cohesiveness are:

A)rites of passage
B)social rites of intensification
C)revitalization rituals
D)salvation rituals

Question 18

The purpose of Aztec human sacrifice was based on the worldview that:

A)only human flesh could adequately feed the royal family
B)to avoid the end of the life of the Sun,it had to fed blood
C)sacrificed humans buried in the fields would ensure a good harvest
D)all of the above

Question 19

Protective rituals are often found in situations:

A)involving soul loss
B)that involve the quest for food
C)that are dangerous and unpredictable
D)that involve a person's change in status

Question 20

The Soyal Ceremony of the Hopi of Arizona begins on the winter solstice and marks the beginning of the Hopi ceremonial cycle.This ceremony is:

A)prescriptive and periodic
B)situational and occasional
C)prescriptive and occasional
D)occasional and periodic

Question 21

Among the !Kung San of southern Africa the marriage ceremony involves the mock forcible carrying off of the bride from her parent's hut to a specially built marriage hut and the anointing of the bride with special oils and aromatic powders.This ritual can be classified as a:

A)therapeutic ritual
B)rite of intensification
C)rite of passage
D)technological ritual

Question 22

A characteristic of the state of liminality is:

A)sexual continence
B)sacredness
C)absence of rank
D)all of the above

Question 23

Examples of genital cutting performed on males include all of the following except:

A)circumcision
B)subincision
C)infibulations
D)none of the above;all are practiced on males

Question 24

Mana can be thought of as:

A)impersonal supernatural power
B)food provide by the gods
C)a technique for divination
D)an hallucinogenic cactus

Question 25

The rite of passage that revolves around the White Painted Woman is found among the:

A)Yanomamö
B)Apache
C)Gururumba
D)Haida

Question 26

Types of modifications of the human body seen in human societies include:

A)modifying the shape of the skull by wrapping the child's skull with cord
B)piercing a part of the body,such as lips or earlobes,and stretching the separated part
C)cutting the foot and bending the foot back and binding it to create a very small foot
D)all of the above

Question 27

A wedding is an example of a rite of passage.The celebra?tion or party following the religious or secular wedding ceremony is an example of that phase of a rite of passage known as:

A)transition
B)separation
C)peripheralization
D)incorporation

Question 28

Infibulation means:

A)scarring
B)piercing
C)tattooing
D)stretching

Question 29

Closely related to tattooing is scaring.Scarification is known as:

A)corseting
B)cicatrization
C)infibulation
D)nullification

Question 30

Examples of rites of passage in American society would not include a:

A)wedding ceremony
B)funeral
C)high school graduation
D)Easter sunrise service

Question 31

Physical alterations of the human body function to:

A)separate humans from nonhuman animals
B)identify particular affiliations with certain groups
C)mark completion of some type of ritual,including initiation rituals
D)all of the above

Question 32

The term tabu refers to:

A)objects and persons that are sacred
B)objects and persons who possess potentially dangerous supernatural power
C)inappropriate modes of behavior
D)all of the above

Question 33

An example of a secular (nonreligious)rite of passage would be a:

A)graduation ceremony
B)fraternity initiation
C)presidential inauguration
D)all of the above

Question 34

Among the Huichol the peyote cactus is thought to be the:

A)bride of the devil
B)sacrifice of the creator god
C)footprint of the sacred deer
D)food of the sun god

Question 35

All of the following are phases of a rite of passage except:

A)transition
B)separation
C)peripheralization
D)incorporation

Question 36

The Huichol journey:

A)reenacts the journey of the Ancient Ones
B)involves each person assuming the identify of a god
C)includes the eating of peyote which enables the Huichol to see what the gods see
D)all of the above

Question 37

Liminality refers to a set of features that characterize a person in which phase of a rite of passage:

A)transition
B)separation
C)peripheralization
D)incorporation

Question 38

When a Yanomamö girl begins to menstruate for the first time,she is isolated in a small room built alone one side of the house.During the time of isolation,she must speak in whispers,not scratch herself,and is taught who to behave as a mature woman.The phase of a rite of passage is known as:

A)transition
B)separation
C)peripheralization
D)incorporation

Question 39

Examples of pilgrimages includes the:

A)Islamic hajj
B)Catholic journey to the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
C)Huichol journey to Wirikuta
D)all of the above

Question 40

Rituals that mark an individual's changing statuses as he or she moves through life's various stages are called:

A)rites of passage
B)puberty rituals
C)stage ceremonies
D)change of life ceremonies

Question 41

The hajj is a pilgrimage that is a central part of the Islamic religion.

Question 42

In the Zulu male puberty ceremony the boy is taken to the river and bathed.His old cloths are destroyed and he puts on new clothes and is presented to the community.This phase of a rite of passage is known as separation.

Question 43

Sand paintings are an important element in Navaho therapy rituals.

Question 44

Bar mitzvahs and quinceañeras are examples of social rites of intensification.

Question 45

Pharanoic circumcision is a type of genital alteration performed on females in many societies in North and East Africa.

Question 46

The commandant to remember the Sabbath is one of the Ten Commandments.Sabbath rituals are therefore prescribed rituals.

Question 47

Reciprocity between humans and gods is often part of the worldview that underlies sacrifices and offerings.

Question 48

While the textbook presents a classification of rituals,many rituals are difficult to neatly place into one category.Explain how you would classify a funeral ritual and why?

Question 49

Generally speaking protective rituals tend to be performed in situations that are dangerous and unpredictable.

Question 50

Revitalization rituals are the same thing as healing rituals.

Question 51

In many societies there are religious obligations that often take the form of ritual,such as saying grace before each meal.

Question 52

Exorcism is used primarily for the cure of witchcraft.

Question 53

Distinctions of rank and care for personal appearance are two of many characteristics of liminality.

Question 54

The first-fruit ceremonies of the Cahuilla of the California desert are an example of both a technological ritual and a hunting and gathering rite of intensification.

Question 55

What is the relationship between myth and ritual?

Question 56

The essential difference between a sacrifice and an offering is that a sacrifice is of a human and an offering is of an animal.

Question 57

Jewish food prohibitions are:

A)based solely on health and nutrition concerns
B)prescriptive and spelled out in the Torah
C)concerned only with the prohibition on eating pork
D)all of the above

Question 58

Many societies have prohibitions against eating particular foods.An example would be kashrut,the Jewish laws regarding what foods can and cannot be eaten and how they must be prepared.

Question 59

Examples of ideological rituals include therapy and salvation rituals.

Question 60

Alcohol is used by the Huichol to achieve an altered state of consciousness during their pilgrimage.

Question 61

What are some of the causes of supernatural illness? How would each be treated?

Question 62

What are some of the religious obligations that you see in your own community?

Question 63

How does the hajj function as a rite of passage? Do you see evidence of liminality? What are the three stages of the rite of passage in the hajj?

Question 64

Rituals provide a mechanism by which people can control their lives to some extent,especially in difficult and unpredictable situations.How?

Question 65

People who share the same experiences forge strong bonds.Describe what is meant by communitas? How does communitas function to create stability in society?

Question 66

The way in which hunters treat their prey is a reflection of their worldview.What is the relationship between nature and people among the Lakota and Inuit?

Question 67

Why do soldiers and members of a fraternity frequently place the same tattoo on their bodies?