Deck 6: Religious Specialists

Question 1

A complex series of priesthoods where political authority is vested in the priesthood characterizes the:

A)Zuni
B)Akimel O'odham
C)Navaho
D)Cahuilla

Answer 1

Zuni

Question 2

A technique of body movements call tensegrity is associated with:

A)Neoshamanism
B)Akimel O'odham shamanism
C)Korean shamanism
D)Siberian shamanism

Answer 2

Neoshamanism

Question 3

The term "wounded healers" is used to describe:

A)shamans
B)priests
C)prophets
D)herbalists

Answer 3

shamans

Question 4

A full-time religious specialist,who is associated with a formalized religious institution,is a:

A)priest
B)healer
C)shaman
D)diviner

Question 5

The term shaman comes from the Tungus language of:

A)Siberia
B)the American Southwest
C)West Africa
D)Australia

Question 6

All of the following are true about priests except:

A)priests are associated with temples and shrines
B)priestly offices are often inherited from father to son
C)priests obtain supernatural power from a spirit familiar
D)priests are responsible for the correct performance of rituals

Question 7

Kyta Baaly is a shaman from:

A)Korea
B)Shkha,Siberia
C)Okinawa
D)the American Southwest

Question 8

A Korean shaman may be asked to:

A)guide the dead to the underworld
B)locate game for hunters
C)identify and remove layers of illness
D)travel along the Axis Mundi to the underworld

Question 9

Characteristic of Siberian Shamanism is the use of:

A)hand held drums
B)hallucinogenic snuff
C)dancing
D)self-inflicted pain

Question 10

Okinawan priests are:

A)always women from specific clans
B)communicate with the ancestors and the kami
C)practice divination and healing
D)all of the above

Question 11

The development of full-time religious specialists is associated with:

A)foraging societies
B)small-scale horticultural societies
C)large,technologically advanced societies
D)all of the above

Question 12

Shamans:

A)may receive a call from the spirits through an altered state of consciousness to become a shaman
B)may become a shaman because of recovering from a illness
C)are sometimes call "wounded healers" in that they are often driven to become shamans because of illness,accident,spirit possession,and so forth
D)all of the above

Question 13

Examples of practices that can be labeled shamanism that are found in today's American society are:

A)Pentecostal healers
B)Neoshamans
C)clown doctors
D)all of the above

Question 14

Religious specialists who are usually responsible for the performance of prescribed,periodic rituals are:

A)shamans
B)diviners
C)priests
D)healers

Question 15

Neoshamanism differs from traditional shamanism as seen in small-scale societies in that neoshamanism:

A)focuses on the individual with the goal of improving one's life
B)is based on core shamanism,the universal aspects of shamanism
C)deals with the positive aspects of shamanism
D)all of the above

Question 16

Which of the following statements about Eastern Orthodox Priests is true?

A)Monks are priests who live in isolated communities.
B)Priests primarily perform social rites of intensification.
C)Priests perform rites of passage,such as birth,baptism,marriage and death.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 17

Shamans are able to cure illness by:

A)sending their souls to recapture the lost soul of the patient
B)removing spirits and objects from within the body of the patient
C)allowing a deity to possess their body
D)all of the above

Question 18

Which of the following features characterizes a shaman?

A)shamans are usually full-time specialists
B)shamans are usually associated with permanent shrines and temples
C)the power of a shaman is determined by his or her personal ability to contact the supernatural
D)shamanistic rituals are usually prescriptive and periodic

Question 19

Among the Yakut (Shkha)of Siberia:

A)although most people are Russian Orthodox,many continue to practice shamanism
B)many Christian elements are found in modern shamanism
C)new groups are forming around charismatic shamans
D)all of the above

Question 20

Central to the role of a shaman is:

A)conducting period rituals
B)controlling spirit helpers and entering an altered state of consciousness
C)conducting rituals to ensure a good harvest
D)all of the above

Question 21

A shaman is more likely to have a direct experience with a supernatural being than is a priest.

Question 22

In contrast with traditional shamanism,neoshamanism focuses on the individual,often as a self-help means of improving one's life.

Question 23

Shamans in Korea are usually women who have experienced some type of psychological stress in their lives.

Question 24

A specialist who uses techniques to obtain information about things that are not normally knowable is a:

A)herbalist
B)diviner
C)healer
D)priest

Question 25

The revival of shamanism among the Yakut (Shkha)is,in part,a rejection of Christian elements introduced by the Russian Orthodox Church.

Question 26

A priest is more focused on individual problems such as a person's illness than on community-wide rituals.

Question 27

The ability to enter an altered state of consciousness is central to the role of shaman.

Question 28

A _________ is a mouthpiece of the gods.

A)diviner
B)prophet
C)herbalist
D)priest

Question 29

Core shamanism is a concept that was developed by Carlos Castaneda.

Question 30

Pentecostal preachers resemble shamans in that they will enter altered states of consciousness to contact the supernatural,in this case God,as a part of a healing ritual.

Question 31

Herbalists are:

A)healers
B)prophets
C)diviners
D)witches

Question 32

Zuni society recognizes many different priesthoods.

Question 33

Handsome Lake and Ngundeng were:

A)diviners
B)prophets
C)herbalists
D)priests

Question 34

The term shaman is a term used for a kind of religious specialist;the term is derived from Latin.

Question 35

The power of a shaman lies in her ability to successfully memorize religious texts and rituals.

Question 36

Shamans are frequently individuals who are driven to become shamans because of illness including mental illness.

Question 37

The training of a priest normally involves the memorization of vast amounts of ceremonial knowledge so as to be able to perform rituals correctly.

Question 38

Shamans can only be found in small-scale societies.

Question 39

Priests are usually associated with some sacred space,such as a temple or shrine.

Question 40

Periodic rituals associated with an agricultural cycle are usually performed by shamans.

Question 41

Describe Michael Harner's concept of core shamanism.

Question 42

Describe the Siberian shaman Kyta Baaly.How is this an example of syncretism?

Question 43

While a priest is usually visualized as an ideal role model,shamans are very often people who live on the edges of society and are feared by members of the society.Why?

Question 44

How does Korean shamanism affect the role of woman in Korean society?

Question 45

A deity might communicate to a community through a prophet.

Question 46

How does neoshamanism differ from the practice of shamanism in traditional societies?

Question 47

Okinawa is the only known society in which women lead a mainstream,official,publicly funded religion that is practiced by both sexes.

Question 48

Why do some anthropologists consider Pentecostal preachers as being shamans?

Question 49

Describe the role of priests as political leaders in Zuni society.

Question 50

How does the relationship between the person and the supernatural differ between a priest and a shaman?

Question 51

How does a priest differ from a shaman?

Question 52

What methods does a shaman use to cure an illness?