Deck 6: Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Which of the following respiratory processes requires the active use of muscles?

A) Inhalation
B) Bifurcation
C) Exhalation
D) Gas exchange

Answer 1

Inhalation

Question 2

An artery is a blood vessel that only:

A) returns blood to the heart.
B) carries oxygenated blood.
C) carries deoxygenated blood.
D) carries blood away from the heart.

Answer 2

carries blood away from the heart.

Question 3

Which of the following BEST describes the medical condition of shock?

A) Hypotension
B) A state of inadequate tissue perfusion
C) An extreme emotional reaction to a stressful event
D) Delayed capillary refill

Answer 3

A state of inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 4

The pulse palpated on the top of the foot is called the ________ pulse.

A) phalanx proximalis
B) tibialis posterior
C) dorsalis pedis
D) suprametatarsal

Question 5

Which of the following types of blood vessels allow the exchange of substances directly between the blood and the cells of the body?

A) Veins
B) Alveoli
C) Capillaries
D) Arterioles

Question 6

A clot cannot form without which of the following blood components?

A) Plasma
B) Corpuscles
C) Platelets
D) White blood cells

Question 7

What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the lungs?

A) Voluntary
B) Striated
C) Skeletal
D) Smooth

Question 8

The pressure against the walls of the blood vessels as blood is ejected from the heart and circulates through the body is the ________ blood pressure.

A) systolic
B) diastolic
C) central venous
D) mean arterial

Question 9

Which of the following structures do NOT form part of the thorax?

A) Sternum
B) Ribs
C) 8th through 19th vertebrae
D) Ischium

Question 10

Which of the following structures or tissues is NOT part of the musculoskeletal system?

A) Ligaments
B) Acetabulum
C) Fat
D) Tendons

Question 11

In relation to anatomy,the term topography means :

A) the study of the skin.
B) external landmarks of body structures.
C) blood pressure fluctuations.
D) key elements of the central nervous system.

Question 12

Which of the following organs functions as a reservoir for blood that can be used in case of blood loss?

A) Liver
B) Spleen
C) Thyroid gland
D) Heart

Question 13

You have been dispatched to the site of a construction accident where a 36-year-old male patient was moderately cut by some machinery.His left arm has a 4" deep laceration that appears to have stopped bleeding with the gauze and direct pressure applied by his coworkers.Your knowledge of physiology suggests that which component of blood was partially responsible for forming clotting factors to stop the bleeding?

A) Platelets
B) White blood cells
C) Plasma
D) Red blood cells

Question 14

Which of the following makes up more than half of the volume of blood in the body?

A) Platelets
B) Plasma
C) Red blood cells
D) White corpuscles

Question 15

What are the two most easily injured portions of the spine?

A) Sacral and coccygeal
B) Cervical and thoracic
C) Cervical and lumbar
D) Lumbar and sacral

Question 16

Physiology is the study of:

A) body structures.
B) muscles and movement.
C) body systems.
D) exercise and nutrition.

Question 17

Which of the following terms describes the heart muscle's ability to generate its own electrical impulses?

A) Contractility
B) Conductivity
C) Automaticity
D) Irritability

Question 18

What condition of immediate concern results from a loss of red blood cells due to hemorrhage?

A) Decreased ability to fight infection
B) Decrease in pulse rate
C) Decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues
D) Decreased production of carbon dioxide

Question 19

You are caring for a 47-year-old male patient with classical chest pain suggestive of a myocardial infarction.Based on your understanding of the cardiovascular system,you know he could be suffering from damage,narrowing,or blockage of what arteries?

A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Coronary arteries
C) Brachial arteries
D) Femoral arteries

Question 20

The cardiac muscle receives its supply of oxygenated blood by which of the following mechanisms?

A) Coronary arteries that branch off the aorta
B) Coronary veins that branch off the pulmonary vein as it returns oxygenated blood to the heart
C) Absorption of oxygen from the blood returning from the lungs
D) None of the above

Question 21

Which of the following structures allows food to move from the mouth to the stomach?

A) Trachea
B) Venae cavae
C) Duodenum
D) Esophagus

Question 22

Which of the following is a function of the skin?

A) Regulation of body temperature
B) Balancing water in the body
C) Protection from the environment
D) All of the above

Question 23

What system produces chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions?

A) Respiratory system
B) Endocrine system
C) Lymphatic system
D) Digestive system

Question 24

In which of the following locations is the femoral pulse palpated?

A) At the groin
B) Behind the knee
C) On the medial side of the ankle, posterior to the tibia
D) On the medial side of the upper arm

Question 25

What are the small bones that make up the wrist called?

A) Tarsals
B) Carpals
C) Metatarsals
D) Metacarpals

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT part of the lower extremity?

A) Femur
B) Carpals
C) Pelvis
D) Patella

Question 27

What system is a group of organs and glands designed for the specific purpose of reproduction?

A) Respiratory system
B) Renal system
C) Lymphatic system
D) Reproduction system

Question 28

What is the inferior-most portion of the sternum?

A) Body
B) Sternal notch
C) Xiphoid process
D) Manubrium

Question 29

What is another name for the shoulder blade?

A) Pharynx
B) Clavicle
C) Patella
D) Scapula

Question 30

The two major portions of the skull are the:

A) atlas and axis.
B) manubrium and mandible.
C) cranium and face.
D) frontal bone and ilium.

Question 31

What is the long bone of the upper portion of the arm?

A) Humerus
B) Ulna
C) Scapula
D) Radius

Question 32

What is the large,wing-shaped bone on either side of the pelvis?

A) Ischium
B) Acetabulum
C) Pubis
D) Ilium

Question 33

What is another name for the eye socket?

A) Orbit
B) Parietal bone
C) Zygomatic arch
D) Odontoid process

Question 34

Which of the following body systems primarily produces hormones?

A) Cardiovascular
B) Gastrointestinal
C) Exocrine
D) Endocrine

Question 35

You are on the scene at an office building where a 32-year-old male is described as having difficulty breathing and chest pain.The patient is allergic to peanuts and thinks he may have accidentally ingested some cookies with peanuts in them this afternoon during his break.He is pale with a pulse rate of 158 and a respiratory rate of 36.You understand that a "fight-or-flight" response may have been activated in this patient,involving which nervous system and which hormone?

A) Parasympathetic nervous system and insulin
B) Parasympathetic nervous system and epinephrine
C) Sympathetic nervous system and insulin
D) Sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine

Question 36

Your unit has arrived on the scene of a multiple vehicle collision where several vehicles have rear-ended each other.You are directed by the incident commander to care for a 23-year-old female in the first vehicle.The firefighter on-scene holding manual spinal immobilization indicates that her primary complaint is back pain from her head whipping back and forth from the impact.Your understanding of the anatomy of the spinal column and vertebrae suggests that this type of mechanism of injury results in frequent injuries to which part of the spinal column?

A) Lumbar spine
B) Thoracic spine
C) Cervical spine
D) Sacral spine

Question 37

What is the bone on the thumb side of the forearm?

A) Fibula
B) Acromion
C) Radius
D) Ulna

Question 38

What is the largest bone of the lower leg?

A) Tibia
B) Femur
C) Fibula
D) Patella

Question 39

Failure of the liver would result in which of the following?

A) Inability to filter out old and damaged blood cells
B) Inability to secrete insulin
C) Inability to detoxify harmful substances in the bloodstream
D) None of the above

Question 40

Which of the following is the primary function of the stomach?

A) Production of bile
B) Absorption of water from food products
C) Chemical breakdown of food by acidic secretions
D) Absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream

Question 41

What is NOT one of the primary organs for the female reproductive system?

A) Ovaries
B) Uterus
C) Urethra
D) Vagina

Question 42

You have been dispatched to a local shopping mall where a 63-year-old female patient has slipped and fallen in a department store.Upon your arrival,you find her supine on the ground,conscious and oriented with stable vital signs,complaining of severe pain to the upper portion of her left leg and hip.Her left leg is slightly shortened and rotated outward.The bone most commonly fractured with a "broken hip" is the:

A) femur.
B) tibia.
C) fibula.
D) ilium.

Question 43

What is the strongest and most muscular part of the heart?

A) Left atrium
B) Right ventricle
C) Left ventricle
D) Right atrium

Question 44

Which organ is the principal organ of the renal system?

A) Kidney
B) Bladder
C) Ureter
D) Urethra

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT part of the upper extremities?

A) Carpals
B) Calcaneus
C) Clavicle
D) Scapula

Question 46

Which of the following is the only movable bone of the face?

A) Mandible
B) Maxillae
C) Zygoma
D) Manubrium

Question 47

What vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

A) Venae cavae
B) Aorta
C) Pulmonary artery
D) Pulmonary veins

Question 48

Your patient is an 84-year-old male with difficulty breathing and peripheral edema.He tells you he has been suffering for many years with "heart failure" and his condition is worsening,especially with trouble breathing at night.Your knowledge of cardiovascular physiology suggests that his condition could have resulted from the failure of either the right or left side of his heart.Which chamber of the heart is the strongest,most muscular part of the heart and is primarily responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?

A) Left ventricle
B) Right ventricle
C) Left atrium
D) Right atrium

Question 49

Which of the following structures receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the venae cavae?

A) Right ventricle
B) Left ventricle
C) Left atrium
D) Right atrium

Question 50

What two components are directly related to aerobic metabolism?

A) Exercise and water
B) Electrolytes and carbohydrates
C) Oxygen and glucose
D) Carbolic acid and air

Question 51

Your 15-year-old patient was playing baseball today and was struck in the face by a baseball bat.As you assess his injuries and manage spinal immobilization,you note that several of his teeth are broken and he seems to have deformity and pain isolated to his lower jaw.The lower jaw bone is also known as the:

A) orbit.
B) maxillae.
C) manubrium.
D) mandible.

Question 52

Which organ secretes insulin after a person eats a large meal?

A) Gallbladder
B) Spleen
C) Liver
D) Pancreas

Question 53

Which of the following are the components of the nervous system?

A) Brain and autonomic nerves
B) Spinal cord and motor nerves
C) Spinal cord and sensory nerves
D) Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Question 54

A child's ________ takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx than does an adult's.

A) trachea
B) tongue
C) epiglottis
D) cricoid cartilage

Question 55

At which of the following locations could you palpate a malleolus?

A) Elbow
B) Ankle
C) Spinal column
D) Wrist

Question 56

What type of blood vessels surround the alveoli?

A) Arterioles
B) Veins
C) Capillaries
D) Arteries

Question 57

What two body systems are critical for the life support chain?

A) Respiratory and cardiovascular systems
B) Respiratory and endocrine systems
C) Cardiopulmonary and digestive systems
D) Cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

Question 58

Which of the following structures closes over the trachea to protect it during swallowing?

A) Pharynx
B) Epiglottis
C) Cricoid cartilage
D) Diaphragm

Question 59

What causes the "seesaw" breathing pattern of young children?

A) The cricoid cartilage and trachea are both more flexible than in adults, making breathing more difficult.
B) The size of their tongues in proportion to their mouths.
C) They rely more on the diaphragm during breathing difficulty.
D) The pronounced inward curvature at the bottom of the ribcage.

Question 60

Which layer of the skin is exposed to the environment?

A) Adipose tissue
B) Dermis
C) Subcutaneous tissue
D) Epidermis