Deck 5: Local Anesthetic Agents

Question 1

What is the difference between generic names and proprietary names of local anesthetics?

Answer 1

Proprietary names are brand names or trademark names under which a product is marketed.A generic name is a nonproprietary name.

Question 2

Name the only long-lasting local anesthetic available for use in dentistry.

Answer 2

Bupivacaine

Question 3

Name the local amide anesthetic agent that has the highest dissociation constant and explain what this high dissociation constant means.

Answer 3

Bupivacaine has the highest pKa,which meAnswer that it has the slowest onset of action but has a duration that almost doubles the duration of lidocaine.

Question 4

Name the local anesthetic that has the shortest half-life and the lowest risk for systemic toxicity.

Question 5

Epinephrine is the most commonly used anesthetic in dentistry.

Question 6

Articaine cartridges of local anesthetic contain 1.7 ml of solution.

Question 7

What local anesthetic agents would be a good choice to use when a vasoconstrictor is contraindicated?

Question 8

Intermediate-action anesthetics are most commonly used for regular restorative dentistry and nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

Question 9

Currently,no anesthetic cartridges contain methlylparaben.

Question 10

What is the solution that was added to the cartridge of local anesthetic to prevent bacterial growth?

A) Vasoconstrictor preservative
B) Sodium hydroxide
C) Sodium chloride
D) Methylparaben

Question 11

Name the local anesthetic that produces an intermediate duration when administered as a block injection.

Question 12

Which of the following questions should the dental hygienist consider prior to administering local anesthetic to a patient?
1) What is the dental or dental hygiene care plan?
2) What is the need for post-treatment pain control after the procedure?
3) What is the patient's level of anxiety?
4) Is hemostasis needed for restorative dentistry?
5) What medication is the patient currently taking?

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 1, 2, 3, 5
C) Some other combination
D) All of the above

Question 13

An anesthetic solution of 1:100,000 epinephrine is twice as effective in controlling pain as a solution of 1:50,000 epinephrine.

Question 14

Which two local anesthetic agents have the least vasodilating properties?

Question 15

What is the solution that is added to the cartridge of local anesthetic to prevent oxidation of the vasoconstrictor called?

A) Vasoconstrictor preservative
B) Sodium hydroxide
C) Sodium chloride
D) Methylparaben

Question 16

Sodium chloride is a buffer creating an injectable solution that is isotonic.

Question 17

Among local anesthetics procaine has the highest percentage of protein binding and is the most lipid soluble.

Question 18

Which of the following local anesthetics,without vasoconstrictors,are useful in dentistry?

A) Lidocaine
B) Mepivacaine
C) Prilocaine
D) All of the above

Question 19

Inflamed tissue experiences an increase in vascularity,slowing the onset of anesthetic action and decreasing the duration of anesthetic action; however,in healthy tissues the onset of action and the duration of action are more predictable.

Question 20

What is the solution that is added to the cartridge of local anesthetic that can trigger bronchospasms?

A) Vasoconstrictor preservative
B) Sodium hydroxide
C) Sodium chloride
D) Methylparaben

Question 21

Which anesthetic solution is still available in multidose vials and is used in medicine as an antiarrhythmic agent?

A) Mepivacaine
B) Bupivacaine
C) Carbocaine
D) Procaine

Question 22

Prilocaine is the generic name for which of the following?

A) Citanest
B) Marcaine
C) Carbocaine
D) Xylocaine, Alphacaine, Octocaine

Question 23

What is the term used to describe the persistent anesthesia or the altered sensation of tingling or itching beyond the expected duration of local anesthetic?

A) Paresthesia
B) Paralysis
C) Prolonged anesthesia
D) None of the above

Question 24

What is the advantage of the thiophene ring found in articaine?

A) It stimulates bone penetration properties.
B) It allows a slower metabolism, thus decreasing the risk of systemic toxicity.
C) It gives the molecule better diffusion properties compared with lidocaine.
D) All of the above.

Question 25

Marcaine is the proprietary name for which of the following?

A) Mepivacaine
B) Bupivacaine
C) Carbocaine
D) Xylocaine, alphacaine, octocaine

Question 26

Which of the following statements are true regarding local anesthetics and allergic reactions?
1) Sulfite sensitivities have been well documented and may rule out anesthetic formulations that contain vasoconstrictors.2. A patient reporting an allergic reaction prior to 1984 is probably allergic to the local anesthetic Novocaine.3. A documented drug allergy would indicate the need for an alternative drug selection and may represent an absolute contraindication to the offending drug.

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 1, 3
C) 1, 2
D) 2, 3

Question 27

Septocaine,Zorcaine,and Articadent are the proprietary names for which of the following?

A) Lidocaine
B) Prilocaine
C) Articaine
D) Bupivacaine

Question 28

What is the name of the only topical amide anesthetic currently on the dental market in the United States?

A) Levonordefrin
B) Lidocaine
C) Benzocaine
D) Butacaine

Question 29

What is the lipid solubility and the protein-binding ability of the local anesthetic related to?

A) Anesthetic dissociation constant
B) Anesthetic duration of action
C) Distribution of cations and anions
D) All of the above

Question 30

Which local anesthetic agent/agents would be considered safer for cardiovascular patients?

A) Prilocaine 1:200,000 epinephrine
B) Articaine 1:200,000 epinephrine
C) Lidocaine 1:100,000 epinephrine
D) Choices a and b

Question 31

Which amide anesthetic agent is metabolized in both the plasma and the liver?

A) Lidocaine
B) Mepivacaine
C) Prilocaine
D) Articaine

Question 32

Which of the following statements best describes levonordefrin?

A) Levonordefrin is a vasoconstrictor added to mepivacaine.
B) Levonordefrin is a vasodilator added to mepivacaine.
C) Levonordefrin is an amide local anesthetic.
D) Levonordefrin is an ester local anesthetic that is not used in dentistry today.

Question 33

Which amide anesthetic agent is metabolized by the lungs before it reaches the liver?

A) Lidocaine
B) Mepivacaine
C) Prilocaine
D) Articaine