Deck 44: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Question 1

Tinea (e.g., ringworm) and candidiasis are caused by fungi.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular malignancy that occurs only in people with AIDS.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which cells of the dermis release histamine and play a role in the hypersensitivity reactions of the skin?

A)Histiocytes
B)Fibroblasts
C)Mast cells
D)Macrophages

Answer 3

Mast cells

Question 4

When pressure on capillaries is unrelieved, the endothelial cells lining those capillaries become disrupted with platelet aggregation forming microthrombi.

Question 5

_____ of the epidermis initiate immune responses and provide defense against environmental antigens.

A)Langerhans cells
B)Merkel cells
C)Keratinocytes
D)Melanocytes

Question 6

Pain experienced by patients during the thawing period after frostbite is mild because the nerve endings are anesthetized by the cold.

Question 7

Warts are benign lesions of the skin caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).

Question 8

Merkel cells are associated with touch receptors and function as slowly adapting mechanoreceptors when stimulated.

Question 9

Which gland releases secretions that are important in thermoregulation and cooling of the body through evaporation?

A)Sebaceous
B)Apocrine
C)Eccrine
D)Exocrine

Question 10

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin condition.

Question 11

The relationship between nevi and melanoma has been found to be insignificant.

Question 12

Which receptors of the autonomic nervous system regulate heat loss through the skin?

A)Cholinergic
B)ß-Adrenergic
C)a-Adrenergic
D)Anticholinergic

Question 13

Cytomegalovirus is a type of herpesvirus.

Question 14

Shingles and chickenpox are both caused by the same herpesvirus.

Question 15

The initiating site of inflammation in vasculitis may be blood, vessel wall, or adjacent tissue.

Question 16

Melanoma is a malignant tumor of the skin originating from keratinocytes, the cells of the skin that synthesize the pigment melanin.

Question 17

Which cells of the dermis secrete connective tissue matrix?

A)Macrophages
B)Mast cells
C)Fibroblasts
D)Histiocytes

Question 18

A furuncle may be a folliculitis that has spread through the follicular wall to the dermis.

Question 19

Older adults have impaired wound healing because of a decreased blood supply and depressed immune system.

Question 20

Erysipelas is an acute infection of the skin most often caused by group A streptococci.

Question 21

Which malignancy is characterized by slow-growing lesions that usually have depressed centers and rolled borders and are frequently located on the face and neck?

A)Squamous cell carcinoma
B)Kaposi sarcoma
C)Malignant melanoma
D)Basal cell carcinoma

Question 22

What is the first change in the skin to indicate a pressure ulcer?

A)Blanchable erythema of intact skin
B)Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
C)Blister at the site of pressure
D)Reddish-purple discoloration

Question 23

What is the term for the skin lesions that are elevated, rounded, and firm with irregular claw-like margins that extend beyond the original site of injury?

A)Psoriasis
B)Dermatitis
C)Acne
D)Keloid

Question 24

_____ are a collection of infected hair follicles that often occur on the back of the neck, the upper back, and lateral thighs that form a mass that evolves into an erythematous, painful, edematous mass, which drains through many openings.

A)Erysipelas
B)Furuncles
C)Carbuncles
D)Boils

Question 25

Keloids are sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scars caused by excessive amounts of _____ in the corneum during connective tissue repair.

A)elastin
B)collagen
C)stroma
D)reticular fibers

Question 26

In latex allergies, which immunoglobulin is associated with an immediate reaction?

A)A
B)E
C)G
D)M

Question 27

Tinea corporis (ringworm) is a _____ infection of the skin.

A)nematode
B)fungal
C)viral
D)bacterial

Question 28

_____ is a benign proliferation of basal cells that produces smooth or warty elevated lesions on the chest, back, and face that are tan or waxy, yellow, flesh-colored, or dark brown-black.

A)Basalokeratosis
B)Seborrheic keratosis
C)Keratoacanthoma
D)Actinic keratosis

Question 29

Scleroderma is more common in women and is associated with a(n):

A)X-linked recessive gene.
B)X-linked dominant gene.
C)virus.
D)autoantibodies.

Question 30

Which skin lesion is mediated by IgE-stimulated release of histamine, bradykinin, kallikrein, or acetylcholine from mast cells?

A)Dermatitis
B)Scleroderma
C)Urticaria
D)Cutaneous vasculitis

Question 31

_____ is an inflammatory disorder of the skin characterized by pruritus with lesions that have an indistinct border and is often considered synonymous with dermatitis.

A)Eczema
B)Psoriasis
C)Atopic dermatitis
D)Pityriasis rosea

Question 32

Which of the following medications may exacerbate existing psoriasis?

A)Antibiotics
B)Calcium channel blockers
C)Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
D)Antilipidemics

Question 33

Cutaneous vasculitis develops from the deposit of _____ in small blood vessels as a toxic response allergen.

A)immune complexes
B)IgE
C)complement
D)T lymphocytes

Question 34

Chickenpox may be followed years later by:

A)erysipelas.
B)cytomegalovirus.
C)warts (verrucae).
D)herpes zoster.

Question 35

Dressings applied to pressure ulcers should be:

A)flat and dry.
B)flat and moist.
C)bulky and dry.
D)bulky and moist.

Question 36

In allergic contact dermatitis, which cells possess the antigens and present them to T lymphocytes?

A)Langerhans cells
B)Merkel cells
C)Keratinocytes
D)Macrophages

Question 37

Which type of psoriasis is characterized by lesions on the elbows and knees that are well demarcated, thick, silvery, scaly, and erythematous?

A)Plaque
B)Inverse
C)Guttate
D)Erythrodermic

Question 38

What clinical manifestations do allergic, atopic, and stasis dermatitis have in common?

A)Petechiae and hyperpigmentation
B)Edema and vesicular lesions
C)Scaling and crusting of lesions
D)Erythema and pruritus

Question 39

Which skin disorder begins with a single lesion that is circular, demarcated, salmon-pink, approximately 3 to 4 cm in diameter, and usually located on the trunk?

A)Lichen planus
B)Pityriasis rosea
C)Psoriasis
D)Acne rosacea

Question 40

Which immunoglobulin is found in skin biopsy with immunofluorescent observation of people with discoid lupus erythematosus?

A)IgA
B)IgE
C)IgG
D)IgM

Question 41

Inflammatory mediators that are active in frostbite include:

A)leukotrienes, serotonin, and prostacyclin.
B)histamine, bradykinin, and thromboxanes.
C)lymphokines, leukotrienes, and fibrin.
D)plasmin, lysosomal compounds, prostacyclin.

Question 42

Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
Wart (verruca) or lichen planus

A)Elevated, firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter
B)Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
C)Flat circumscribed area that is less than 1 cm in diameter
D)Elevated irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient; with a variable diameter
E)Elevated circumscribed, superficial lesion filled with serous fluid, less than 1 cm in diameter

Question 43

Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
Varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles)

A)Elevated, firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter
B)Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
C)Flat circumscribed area that is less than 1 cm in diameter
D)Elevated irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient; with a variable diameter
E)Elevated circumscribed, superficial lesion filled with serous fluid, less than 1 cm in diameter

Question 44

_____ is a fungal infection of the nail plate.

A)Paronychia
B)Onychomycosis
C)Tinea corporis
D)Tinea capitis

Question 45

Aspirin is given to individuals being treated for frostbite in order to:

A)treat fever.
B)prevent plate aggregation.
C)reduce pain.
D)inhibit prostaglandins.

Question 46

A nevus characterized by a small (less than 1 cm) lesion with regular edges and bristle-like hairs with a color change from skin tones to light brown is a(n) _____ nevus.

A)junctional
B)epidermal
C)intradermal
D)compound

Question 47

Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
Psoriasis or seborrheic and actinic keratoses

A)Elevated, firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter
B)Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
C)Flat circumscribed area that is less than 1 cm in diameter
D)Elevated irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient; with a variable diameter
E)Elevated circumscribed, superficial lesion filled with serous fluid, less than 1 cm in diameter

Question 48

Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
Nevus (flat mole)

A)Elevated, firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter
B)Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
C)Flat circumscribed area that is less than 1 cm in diameter
D)Elevated irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient; with a variable diameter
E)Elevated circumscribed, superficial lesion filled with serous fluid, less than 1 cm in diameter

Question 49

Treatment for frostbite includes:

A)application of local, dry heat.
B)rubbing or massaging the area.
C)immersion in warm water.
D)leaving the area uncovered.

Question 50

An older adult man states he has a sore above his lip that has not healed and is getting bigger.The nurse observes a red scaly patch with an ulcerated center and sharp margins.The nurse recognizes these features as commonly associated with Bowen disease, a form of:

A)Kaposi sarcoma.
B)malignant melanoma.
C)basal cell carcinoma.
D)squamous cell carcinoma.

Question 51

The alteration of which gene is associated with basal cell carcinoma?

A)myc
B)TP53
C)src
D)RAS

Question 52

Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
Urticaria, allergic reaction

A)Elevated, firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter
B)Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
C)Flat circumscribed area that is less than 1 cm in diameter
D)Elevated irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient; with a variable diameter
E)Elevated circumscribed, superficial lesion filled with serous fluid, less than 1 cm in diameter

Question 53

Which cell is thought to be the progenitor cell of Kaposi sarcoma?

A)Endothelial
B)Keratinocyte
C)Melanocyte
D)Exothelial

Question 54

Women who develop hirsutism may be secreting hormones associated with:

A)posterior pituitary adenoma.
B)Cushing disease.
C)polycystic ovaries.
D)Addison disease.