Deck 8: Relationships and Communication

Question 1

Which of the following is an important signal of a potential romantic interest when making a greeting, or opening line?

A)Eye contact
B)The speed with which they respond
C)The pitch of their voice
D)If they show nervous body language

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The social exchange theory of romantic relationship development stresses the importance of ________ in determining the course of relationships.

A)rewards and costs
B)rewards and communication
C)attraction and intimacy
D)communication and intelligence

Answer 2

A

Question 3

When online dating sites do not have enough respondents, they

A)"stretch" the limits of variables.
B)disregard all the variables.
C)share information with other online dating sites.
D)cease to exist.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In ABCDE model of relationship development, attraction is followed by

A)commitment.
B)building.
C)continuation.
D)bonding.

Question 5

According to the ABCDE model of romantic relationships, which stage of the relationship begins when two people find one another appealing?

A)Continuation
B)Building
C)Attraction
D)Passion

Question 6

According to the ABCDE model of relationship development, building a relationship includes all of the following EXCEPT

A)small talk.
B)initial attraction.
C)self-disclosure.
D)mutuality.

Question 7

The amount of self-disclosure most people engage in is typically a function of their

A)level of self-confidence.
B)perceived closeness of the relationship.
C)neediness.
D)level of physical attraction.

Question 8

Early exchanges with a potential partner commonly involve all of the following EXCEPT

A)occupation.
B)hometown.
C)dating history.
D)marital status.

Question 9

The number of people who met their partners through online dating is about

A)5%.
B)20%.
C)50%.
D)70%

Question 10

Bob sees Nancy at a social event. He tries to make eye contact with her, but she doesn't respond. Nancy could be

A)shy.
B)not interested in Bob.
C)unaware of Bob.
D)All of the above are possibilities.

Question 11

Exchanging information according to breadth of topic coverage but not depth is referred to as

A)self-disclosure.
B)surface contact.
C)evaluation.
D)small talk.

Question 12

Online dating sites that use personality matching

A)are clearly more effective than those that don't.
B)are about as effective than those that don't.
C)are clearly less effective than those that don't because people lie.
D)are not based on scientific principles.

Question 13

Which theory or model of the development of relationships suggests that we balance the rewards and costs of maintaining versus ending a relationship?

A)Mutual cyclical growth model
B)ABCDE model
C)Sociobiological theory
D)Social exchange theory

Question 14

Online dating sites

A)are only for losers.
B)may provide access to potential partners.
C)encourage people to never self-disclose.
D)have become less and less visited over the last 20 years.

Question 15

According to the NHSLS of Americans, the second most popular way married people met their spouses was through

A)family members.
B)self-introduction.
C)neighbors.
D)coworkers.

Question 16

Which of the following is the LEAST effective greeting for meeting people, as suggested by the authors of the text?

A)Saying hello
B)Giving a compliment
C)Commenting on the surroundings or situation
D)Giving your name, occupation, and hometown

Question 17

According to the NHSLS of Americans, 35% of married people met their spouses through

A)family members.
B)self-introduction.
C)mutual friends.
D)coworkers.

Question 18

The ability to make small talk

A)makes a person look phoney.
B)drives other people away.
C)makes a person look immature.
D)is a valuable social skill.

Question 19

What is the role of small talk in the development of a relationship?

A)It should be avoided because it is typically shallow and without substance.
B)It can help people find if they have common attitudes and interests.
C)Early in relationships, it is more important to have deep conversations, but small talk becomes more important later in relationships.
D)Small talk tends to be a skill that is more important for men to have than for women.

Question 20

The second stage of George Levinger's (1980) ABCDE model of relationships is

A)building.
B)bonding.
C)buttressing.
D)breaching.

Question 21

Probing for common ground by investigating overlapping attitudes and interests is called

A)attraction.
B)surface contact.
C)mutuality.
D)self-disclosure.

Question 22

Which of the following statements accurately describes what level of disclosure is necessary for intimacy in an ongoing relationship?

A)In order to build intimacy, both partners need to be able to disclose fully to each other (i.e., to be "open books" for the partner to read).
B)It is important for women to disclose fully and completely to a partner, but intimacy does not suffer if men hold back and simply listen.
C)Disclosure is not necessary for intimacy to develop.
D)It is important to share honestly for intimacy to intensify, but it is not necessary to disclose all thoughts and feelings.

Question 23

Commitment and trust in a relationship can be seen as developing according to

A)situational growth.
B)mutual cyclical growth.
C)coping mechanisms.
D)interactive growth mechanisms.

Question 24

When couples begin to see themselves more as "we" than "I," they enter a relationship phase called

A)social exchange.
B)mutuality.
C)building.
D)attraction.

Question 25

Based on the research presented in your text, which of the following is probably the best strategy for making self-disclosures early in a face-to-face relationship (i.e., not online)?

A)Get it out there! Find out if you are compatible by disclosing personal information early.
B)Don't go there! Self-disclosure can be damaging to relationships, so hold back personal information until you are committed to each other, and you know it is safe.
C)Take your time. Disclosing information that is too personal too early can be a turn off, but self-disclosure over time helps build relationships.
D)See a therapist. If you are unsure of how to disclose personal information, it is probably a sign of underlying emotional difficulties.

Question 26

The exchange of personal or intimate information is called

A)surface contact.
B)small talk.
C)self-disclosure.
D)the opening line.

Question 27

Researchers who study self-esteem and intimacy in relationships have found that lower self-esteem is associated with

A)being unaffected by a partner's moods in a relationship.
B)easier development of intimacy in relationships.
C)problems developing and maintaining relationships.
D)more game-playing with partners in relationships.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is True regarding intimacy?

A)People who are sexually involved are intimately involved.
B)Some married people share greater emotional intimacy with friends than their spouses.
C)Emotional intimacy between friends is discouraged in most cultures.
D)Sexual intimacy is a necessary component of any emotionally intimate relationship.

Question 29

Online, people who meet and explore their potential romantic interest in each other tend to

A)disclose less personal information than in face-to-face meetings.
B)disclose about the same amount of personal information as in face-to-face meetings.
C)disclose very little that is honest and of substance.
D)disclose more personal information sooner than in face-to-face meetings.

Question 30

Social scientists suggest that the most important initial step in developing intimacy is to

A)disclose all your intimate secrets to your friend or partner.
B)always say what is on your mind as issues arise.
C)get to know and like yourself.
D)become an excellent listener and allow others to freely disclose.

Question 31

Which phase of building a relationship could be said to be similar to "testing the water" of the relationship?

A)Surface contact
B)Intimacy
C)Reciprocity
D)Cyclical growth

Question 32

In regard to gender differences in self-disclosure, researchers find that

A)masculine-typed individuals are less likely to disclose, regardless of their anatomic sex.
B)most men tend to "hold back" before disclosing any intimate feelings.
C)women are ten times more likely than men to disclose intimacies.
D)feminine-typed individuals tend to wait to receive disclosures before disclosing their own personal information.

Question 33

In committed relationships, a delicate, but important, balance exists between

A)intimacy and sex.
B)individuality and mutuality.
C)affection and stability.
D)honesty and confidentiality.

Question 34

In healthy committed relationships,

A)couples spend the majority of their time together.
B)all decisions are joint decisions.
C)friends of each individual become friends of the "couple."
D)each partner maintains his/her individual interests and needs.

Question 35

Which of the following best describes the relationship between sexual intimacy and emotional intimacy in a relationship?

A)Although they can go together, a couple can have one and not the other.
B)Emotional intimacy only develops after sexual intimacy.
C)Sexual intimacy usually develops after emotional intimacy.
D)Sexual and emotional intimacy are two aspects of one process and usually go together.

Question 36

A loving couple is attempting to be more effective in their communication with one another when a problem arises. Which of the following will improve that ability?

A)Talk nonstop until the problem is resolved
B)Focus only on the problem
C)Determine who is at fault and make them acknowledge their guilt
D)Not talk about what makes them uncomfortable

Question 37

Which of the following terms refers to the process by which commitment in a relationship leads partners to do things that enhance the relationship, which then helps build trust, which then increases commitment?

A)Mutual cyclical growth
B)Social exchange
C)The vicious cycle of commitment
D)Mutuality

Question 38

In studies investigating self-disclosure, researchers found that

A)early self-disclosure hastened the bonding process.
B)early disclosers were seen as immature.
C)late disclosers were rated as guarded and cold.
D)late disclosers were rated as less well-adjusted.

Question 39

If another person is totally unresponsive to your early verbal exchanges, it is likely that they are

A)not attracted to you.
B)playing hard to get.
C)suffering from psychosis.
D)a phony.

Question 40

Too much self-esteem can be detrimental to a relationship if it leads one to be

A)emotionally needy.
B)abusive.
C)narcissistic.
D)lonely.

Question 41

Kevin knows that his relationship with Robby is slipping away. He feels at a loss as to what to do, so he simply does nothing. Kevin's actions demonstrate

A)a passive response to relationship deterioration.
B)an active response to relationship ending.
C)a passive response to relationship continuation.
D)a passive response to relationship building.

Question 42

John and Sue are a couple. John sometimes plays jealous games with her. He flirts openly with other girls. Why might John be playing games?

A)He wants more attention from Sue.
B)He wants to test their relationship.
C)He wants to inflict pain on Sue.
D)All of the above are possibilities.

Question 43

Researchers have found gender differences in jealousy. Males seem to be most upset by ________, whereas females seem to be more upset by ________.

A)sexual infidelity; time spent away from home and family
B)emotional infidelity; sexual infidelity
C)sexual infidelity; emotional infidelity
D)psychological infidelity; emotional infidelity

Question 44

Which of the following is considered the most frequent cause of romantic relationship breakups?

A)Kinky sexual practices
B)Jealousy
C)Emotional isolation
D)Money problems

Question 45

Jealousy leads to feelings of

A)insecurity.
B)rejection.
C)anxiety.
D)All of the above

Question 46

According to social-exchange theory, relationships draw to a close when

A)alternative partners are not available.
B)there are only religious barriers to ending the relationship.
C)partners find little satisfaction in the relationship.
D)there is a large financial dependence in the relationship.

Question 47

Is there such a thing as "normal jealousy" in a relationship?

A)No. Jealousy leads to the deterioration of relationships.
B)No. Jealousy can be more or less intense, but it typically signifies a problem in the relationship.
C)Yes. Most jealousy is a normal and healthy part of human relationships.
D)Yes. It can happen during occasional feelings of self-doubt.

Question 48

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between individuality and mutuality in healthy relationships?

A)Each partner submerges their personality into that of their partner.
B)Individuality and mutuality must be balanced such that both are maintained.
C)Individuality must be sacrificed to develop mutuality.
D)Mutuality becomes more important over time and develops in place of individuality.

Question 49

Destructive communication can include

A)insults
B)threats
C)violence
D)All of the above

Question 50

Which of the following individuals will likely respond the best to a relationship break up?

A)Alan, who has doubts about his ability to maintain relationships
B)Kyle, who often attributes negative experiences to something about the situation
C)Eric, who often finds himself drinking when he faces hard decisions
D)Bradley, who tries to figure out how he may have caused the problems in the relationship

Question 51

According to social-exchange theory, relationships draw to a close when

A)partners find little satisfaction in the relationship.
B)barriers to leave the relationship are low.
C)alternative partners are available.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 52

A person who is constantly suspicious of a partner even though the partner is totally faithful is experiencing what kind of jealousy?

A)Normal
B)Obsessional
C)Control
D)Excessive

Question 53

Which of the following is True regarding jealousy?

A)Jealousy is absent in some cultures.
B)Jealousy, even in large amounts, is good for a relationship.
C)Jealousy is more common in cultures that stress a machismo tradition.
D)Jealousy tends to be equal across cultures.

Question 54

According to social-exchange theory, individuals are especially likely to leave a relationship when

A)financial constraints are manageable.
B)alternative partners are available.
C)they no longer derive satisfaction from the relationship.
D)the risk of social sanctions is low.

Question 55

Which of the following people is most likely to experience jealousy in their relationship?

A)Krista, who has a thriving career and shares many interests with her partner
B)Janet, who is not confident and doubts her own worth
C)Jazelle, who has not had a dating partner cheat on her
D)Amber, who loves to have sex and is very open with her dating partners

Question 56

Which of the following will do little to deter or slow deterioration in a relationship?

A)A commitment to maintaining the relationship
B)A belief in the ability to overcome difficulties
C)Seeking professional help
D)Waiting for things to improve on their own

Question 57

Which of the following can contribute to the deterioration of a relationship?

A)Boredom
B)Bickering
C)Jealousy
D)All of the above

Question 58

Which of the following is a type of communicative response to situations that creates jealousy?

A)avoidance
B)constructive communication
C)destructive communication
D)All of the above

Question 59

Which of the following does NOT cause jealousy?

A)Experience with former partners who cheated
B)A lack of self-confidence
C)Fear of not being able to find another partner
D)Having an extremely independent personality

Question 60

What form of jealousy is based on a very real threat to the relationship?

A)Delusional
B)Control
C)Normal
D)Excessive

Question 61

Gottman's research on conflict between partners in a relationship supports which of the following?

A)Conflict alone is not necessarily bad for a relationship. The way the couple handles the conflict is important, though.
B)Conflict tends to be a sign of relationship problems and predicts deterioration of the relationship.
C)Conflict is a healthy and beneficial part of relationships. Lack of conflict predicts deterioration of relationships.
D)Conflict between partners comes in many shapes and sizes. There are no systematic relationships between styles of conflict and relationship outcome.

Question 62

Andrea complains of being lonely. She admits that she thinks other people are relatively unfriendly and concerned only about themselves. Several times, she has made the statement that the "world is full of people who wouldn't hesitate to step on their best friend just to get ahead." Andrea is probably lonely because of her

A)lack of empathy.
B)cynicism about human nature.
C)lack of social skills.
D)failure to disclose personal information.

Question 63

Which of the following best characterizes research that has compared heterosexuals' and homosexual' relationships?

A)There are few differences and many similarities between what factors contribute to success in heterosexual and homosexual relationships.
B)Heterosexual relationships tend to be more successful, and homosexual relationships tend to fail frequently.
C)Heterosexual couples are more likely than homosexual couples to evenly distribute the work and chores involved in living together.
D)Homosexual couples are more likely to receive support from friends and family than are heterosexual couples.

Question 64

Although couples talk about interests, attitudes, and concerns, the area of ________ is often overlooked.

A)finances
B)religion
C)sex
D)work

Question 65

Loneliness tends to peak during

A)adolescence.
B)young adulthood.
C)middle adulthood.
D)late adulthood.

Question 66

Which statement is True about loneliness?

A)Loneliness tends to peak around mid-life.
B)Married couples rarely speak of feeling lonely.
C)Loneliness is a matter of choice.
D)Lonely people tend to have shallow friendships.

Question 67

Loneliness is defined as a state of

A)solitude.
B)being alone.
C)painful isolation.
D)introspection.

Question 68

Compared to straight couples, gay and lesbian couples have been found to

A)distribute household chores more evenly.
B)fight unfairly.
C)be less sexually satisfied.
D)feel their partner is less committed.

Question 69

A young newly married couple solve conflicts by noisy fighting until they finally reach a satisfying compromise is showing what type of communication?

A)Volatile
B)Validating
C)Self-disclosing
D)Abusive

Question 70

Which of the following does the text NOT recommend to cope with loneliness?

A)Being less assertive
B)Challenging feelings of pessimism
C)Being a good listener
D)Getting out among people

Question 71

Which of the following statements is most accurate in describing the relationship between communication and satisfaction between partners?

A)Love is all you need.
B)Too much communication can damage the mystery that fuels love.
C)Better communication helps enhance relationships.
D)Communication is not as important as passion.

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT noted to be a cause of loneliness?

A)Lack of social skills
B)An internal locus of control
C)Lack of empathy
D)General pessimism

Question 73

Which statement represents a common irrational belief about relationships and sex?

A)Men naturally know what to do to please their partners sexually.
B)Even in intimate relationships, partners need to discuss what pleases them.
C)Women may hesitate to let partners know what their sexual needs are.
D)Couples know that they cannot read each other's minds.

Question 74

Which term describes a person who responds little during a conflict, shows few bodily motions, and offers few verbal acknowledgments that one is listening to one's partner?

A)Stonewalling
B)Ignoring
C)Dead-panning
D)Closing off

Question 75

Sending e-mails repeatedly after a breakup, without receiving responses, can be an example of

A)a secure relationship.
B)how to save a deteriorating relationship.
C)stalking.
D)jealousy.

Question 76

Which of the following is a sign that conflict in a relationship may lead to deterioration of the relationship?

A)Showing no physiological response during a conflict
B)Showing calm physiological reactions during conflicts
C)Showing highly variable physiological responses across conflicts
D)Showing more intense physiological responses during conflict

Question 77

Mark complains of being lonely. He feels that he has been plagued by bad luck and that the right circumstances never present themselves for meeting new people. Mark is probably lonely because he

A)lacks social skills.
B)is cynical about human nature.
C)has an external locus of control.
D)lacks empathy.

Question 78

Which is NOT a solution in trying to cope with loneliness?

A)Challenging feelings of pessimism
B)Being assertive
C)Hiring a prostitute
D)Becoming a good listener

Question 79

Tony and Jay often have conflicts in their relationship, but they often find humor in their conflicts and end up laughing. This is likely a sign of which of the following?

A)Better chances of resolving conflicts positively
B)Immaturity
C)Problems typical of homosexual relationships
D)Likely deterioration of the relationship

Question 80

Social isolation has been shown to predict

A)cardiovascular disease.
B)cancer.
C)depression.
D)All of the above