Deck 10: Sexual Orientation

Question 1

To Kinsey, a rating of "0" on the Kinsey sexual orientation scale indicates someone who is

A)not sure of their sexual orientation.
B)exclusively heterosexual.
C)exclusively homosexual.
D)sexually inexperienced.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to Kinsey's study, approximately ________ percent of the United States population was gay or predominantly gay.

A)one
B)ten
C)twenty
D)fifty

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The term that describes the direction of one's romantic interests and erotic attractions is

A)homosexual.
B)heterosexual.
C)sexual orientation.
D)sexual behavior.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Kinsey believed that heterosexual and gay sexual orientations were

A)determined by parental behaviors.
B)were opposite ends of one continuum.
C)were separate continua
D)were based on social desirability

Question 5

Recent evidence supports the idea that the Kinsey continuum applies more to which gender?

A)It applies to neither gender
B)It applies to both genders
C)Women
D)Men

Question 6

George is walking down the street one day and sees two men across the street walking hand-in-hand. He is thoroughly disgusted by this. George's reaction is connected to

A)homophobia, a characteristic more common in women.
B)biphobia, a characteristic more common in men.
C)homophobia, a characteristic more common in men.
D)biphobia, a characteristic more common in women.

Question 7

The term that refers to an erotic attraction to, and an interest for developing romantic relationships with, members of either sex is

A)homosexuality.
B)heterosexuality.
C)bisexuality.
D)transsexuality.

Question 8

Which of the following terms does not belong with the others?

A)Homosexual
B)Gay
C)Transsexual
D)Lesbian

Question 9

In the Chivers and Bailey (2005) study of arousal and orientation in women, the women were likely to be aroused by

A)both male and female stimuli, regardless of their sexual orientation.
B)the male stimuli if heterosexual and female stimuli if homosexual.
C)only male stimuli if heterosexual, but lesbians were aroused by both male and female stimuli.
D)only female stimuli if homosexual, but heterosexual women were aroused by both male and female stimuli.

Question 10

The term that refers to an erotic attraction to, and preference for developing romantic relationships with, members of the same sex is

A)homosexuality.
B)heterosexuality.
C)bisexuality.
D)transsexuality.

Question 11

Based on Kinsey's seven-point heterosexual-homosexual continuum, Mike is rated as a "6". This means

A)Mike is exclusively heterosexual.
B)Mike is exclusively homosexual.
C)Mike is bisexual.
D)None of the above

Question 12

All of the following are reasons why the term homosexuality is controversial, EXCEPT that

A)some gay people feel that it draws attention to sexual behavior.
B)the term is associated with concepts of deviance and mental illness.
C)the term is often used to refer only to gay males.
D)most gays are ashamed of the use of this term because they are ashamed of being gay.

Question 13

All of the following are reasons that the classification of sexual orientation is difficult EXCEPT which of the following?

A)Same-sex sexual experience can happen in the absence of heterosexual outlets.
B)People with homoerotic interests typically do not shift interests over time.
C)Some gay males and lesbians may maintain male-female sexual activity while maintaining a gay sexual orientation.
D)Some people do not act on their sexual attractions.

Question 14

The term that refers to an erotic attraction to, and preference for developing romantic relationships with, members of the other sex is

A)homosexuality.
B)heterosexuality.
C)bisexuality.
D)transsexuality.

Question 15

Which of the following is a True statement?

A)Most gay men really want to be women.
B)Most gay women really want to be men.
C)Most gay people are content with their gender.
D)None of the above statements are True.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is most accurate in comparing the sexual orientations of women and men?

A)Women's sexual orientations seem to be more plastic or flexible than those of men.
B)Men tend to avoid labeling their orientations, whereas women tend to spend considerable time labeling themselves accurately.
C)The ways that men and women experience their sexual orientations are remarkably similar.
D)Men's sexual orientations change more over time than do the orientations of women.

Question 17

Homosexual men are referred to as

A)lesbians.
B)gay females.
C)dykes.
D)gay males.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is True?

A)Bisexuality is a "cover" for gay males or lesbians.
B)Many bisexuals have a stronger attraction to people of one sex than another.
C)Bisexuals are equally attracted to people of both sexes.
D)None of the above statements are True.

Question 19

A Gallup Poll in 2012 found which age group most likely to identify themselves as homosexual?

A)18-29 year olds
B)30-49 year olds
C)50-64 year olds
D)65 year olds and older

Question 20

According to recent research, approximately ________ percent of the United States population identify themselves as gay.

A)2% of men and 3% of women
B)5% of men and 3% of women
C)3% of women and 5% of men
D)3% of men and 1 to 2% of women

Question 21

According to research on bisexuality, all of the following statements are True, EXCEPT

A)some bisexual men have been able to remain in reasonably comfortable committed heterosexual relationships.
B)some bisexual men in committed heterosexual relationships feel some anxiety and feelings of guilt.
C)many bisexual men in committed heterosexual relationships felt high levels of stress.
D)All of the above statements are True.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about cross-species homosexuality is True?

A)Animals have rarely been found to have homosexual orientations.
B)Animals showing male-male or female-female sexual activity typically do not show male-female sexual behaviors.
C)Male-male and female-female sexual activity among animals often appears to be motivated by social dominance as opposed to being sexually motivated.
D)None of the above

Question 23

Which of the following is characteristic of the early Christians?

A)Relationships were common among men and adolescent boys.
B)Highly feminine gay men dressed flamboyantly, with showy hair styles and mannerisms, and cruised certain neighborhoods searching for partners.
C)The "Office of the Night" convicted over 3,000 sodomites and required them to go to jail.
D)Any nonprocreative act was viewed as sinful.

Question 24

Although speculative, reciprocal altruism, or strong male-male and female-female alliances that are beneficial for group survival because of emotional binding was suggested by

A)Kinsey.
B)Kirkpatrick
C)Rahman.
D)Mead.

Question 25

What form of male-male sexual behavior is considered normal and is encouraged among the Sambia people of New Guinea?

A)Married men have anal intercourse with adolescent boys as part of a rite of passage into manhood.
B)Prepubertal boys ingest the semen of adolescent boys from the tribe.
C)Victorious warriors force anal intercourse on the males from the defeated tribes.
D)During feasts and celebrations, the men of a tribe manually stimulate each other to orgasm.

Question 26

According to the study done by the NHSLS, approximately ________ percent of the United States' population identify themselves as being bisexual.

A)one
B)five
C)ten
D)twenty

Question 27

Lesbians in ________ culture are viewed as threats to the tradition of male dominance and the denial of female sexuality.

A)African American
B)Latino and Latina American
C)European American
D)Native American

Question 28

Which of the following statements is True?

A)Biphobia is experienced only in the homosexual populations.
B)Biphobia is experienced only in the heterosexual populations.
C)Biphobia is not experienced by either the heterosexual or homosexual populations.
D)Biphobia is experienced in both the heterosexual and homosexual populations.

Question 29

Which of the following early societies was the most tolerant of male-male sexual behaviors?

A)Early Christians after the fall of Rome
B)Florence during the Renaissance
C)Ancient Greece
D)All of the above were highly intolerant of male-male sexual behaviors.

Question 30

Homosexuality in ________ culture is seen as a rejection of traditional cultural roles and a threat to the continuity of the family line.

A)African American
B)Latino and Latina American
C)Asian American
D)Native American

Question 31

Which of the following terms is defined as negative attitudes or feelings toward people who are attracted to both the same sex and the opposite sex?

A)Intolerance
B)Biphobia
C)Homophobia
D)Hetero-homophobia

Question 32

Which of the following is characteristic of the ancient Romans?

A)Relationships were common among men and adolescent boys.
B)Highly feminine gay men dressing flamboyantly, with showy hair styles and mannerisms, and cruised certain neighborhoods searching for partners.
C)The "Office of the Night" convicted over 3,000 sodomites and required them to go to jail.
D)Any nonprocreative sexual act was viewed as sinful.

Question 33

According to recent research, members of the ethnic minority groups in the United States are ________ of homosexuals than European Americans.

A)more tolerant
B)much more tolerant
C)less tolerant
D)There's no real distinction in the tolerance levels of ethnic minorities and European Americans.

Question 34

Due to this ethnicity's strong allegiance to Christian beliefs and Biblical scripture, and their desire to overcome stereotypes about their sexual tendencies and assert their sexual "normalcy," homosexuals within ________ culture are urged to remain secretive about their sexual orientations.

A)African American
B)Latino and Latina American
C)Asian American
D)Native American

Question 35

All of the following were forbidden acts in Christian societies through the Middle Ages, EXCEPT

A)fellatio between men.
B)anal intercourse between married partners.
C)masturbation.
D)sex between married partners.

Question 36

Evolutionary theorists have proposed the concept of ________ in their attempt to explain how male-male or female-female alliances could enhance group survival and thus persist through history.

A)reciprocal altruism
B)exclusive fitness
C)masturbatory inclusiveness
D)genital bonding

Question 37

The influence of the religions of colonists and pressures to socialize into the European American culture led to greater rejection of lesbians and gay men within ________ culture.

A)African American
B)Latino and Latina American
C)Asian American
D)Native American

Question 38

College students in the ________ culture report being more homophobic than their European American counterparts.

A)African American
B)Latino and Latina American
C)Native American
D)Asian American

Question 39

Because women of ________ culture must remain virgins until marriage, it is common for men to sometimes engage in male-male sexual behavior without being considered gay.

A)Indian American
B)Latino and Latina American
C)Asian American
D)Native American

Question 40

Which of the following is characteristic of the ancient Greeks?

A)Relationships were common among men and adolescent boys.
B)Highly feminine gay men dressing flamboyantly, with showy hair styles and mannerisms, and cruised certain neighborhoods searching for partners.
C)The "Office of the Night" convicted over 3,000 sodomites and required them to go to jail.
D)Any nonprocreative sexual act was viewed as sinful.

Question 41

Researchers have found evidence linking a region on ________ to a gay male sexual orientation.

A)the X sex chromosome
B)the Y sex chromosome
C)both the X and Y sex chromosomes
D)neither the X nor Y sex chromosomes

Question 42

Recent research from Sweden reports that sexual differentiation of the brain and of the genitals

A)can occur independently.
B)are dependent on estrogen.
C)are retarded by testosterone.
D)occur in the cortex.

Question 43

In a 2005 Swedish study, the brains of homosexual men showed brain activation similar to heterosexual women to chemical compounds found in male sweat, but heterosexual men did not show this pattern of brain activation to the chemical. Which of the following is the best explanation for this finding?

A)These brain activity patterns likely cause a man to develop a homosexual orientation.
B)A man's homosexual orientation likely causes these brain activity patterns to develop.
C)The researchers likely falsified their data in order to promote the Swedish pro-homosexual agenda.
D)Based on this one study, we cannot conclude what caused these findings.

Question 44

Who was the originator of psychoanalytic theory?

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Carl Jung
C)B.F. Skinner
D)Masters and Johnson

Question 45

Psychoanalytic theory relates homosexuality in men to the faulty resolution of ________ complex and in women to the ________ complex:

A)Morpheus; Electra
B)Oedipus; Electra
C)Adam; Eve
D)Ego; Super Ego

Question 46

Gender nonconformity refers to the failure to conform to

A)heterosexual desires.
B)the gender-role stereotypes that are consistent with one's anatomic sex.
C)changes in attitude and behavior strictly during pubescent years.
D)desires set by social standards.

Question 47

Over the last ten years in the United States, attitudes toward homosexuals have

A)generally become more tolerant.
B)become less tolerant, in general.
C)remained about the same.
D)become more or less tolerant depending on who is in the White House.

Question 48

Freud believed a man develops a gay orientation by failing to resolve his

A)Electra complex.
B)castration anxiety.
C)Oedipus complex.
D)super egos.

Question 49

Learning theorists believe the following, EXCEPT:

A)Early experiences play an important role in the development of sexual orientation.
B)People learn to engage in sexual activity with members of the same sex if such experiences are pleasurable.
C)They have not identified specific learning experiences that would lead to gay male or lesbian sexual orientation.
D)Early experiences do not play an important role in the development of sexual orientation.

Question 50

Hormones are most likely to affect sexual orientation

A)during puberty.
B)while a fetus is in the uterus.
C)during early adulthood.
D)during the phallic stage.

Question 51

Research comparing identical twins show that

A)sexual orientation is not genetically determined.
B)there is a perfect match, such that if one identical twin is gay, so is the other twin.
C)the environment plays no part in determining sexual orientation.
D)if one identical twin is gay, the other twin has a higher than normal chance of being gay also.

Question 52

Problems with Freud's theories result from which of the following?

A)Freud's theories are generally correct, but the problems stem from children not telling the truth in regards to their complexes.
B)Many parents will not let their children be put through the rigorous psychoanalytical tests necessary to support Freud's theories.
C)There are no problems with Freud's theories. They have withstood the test of time.
D)Because most of his theories lie at the unconscious level, they cannot be studied scientifically.

Question 53

Monozygotic twins are more likely to be concordant for homosexuality than dizygotic twins at a rate of about ________ .

A)2:1
B)4:1
C)6:1
D)10:1

Question 54

Which section of the brain was different in Simon LeVay's study of 35 heterosexual and homosexual men who had died from AIDS?

A)Third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus
B)Fifth interstitial nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus
C)First interstitial nucleus of the cerebellum
D)Third interstitial nucleus of the cerebellum

Question 55

According to the text, what percentage of Americans tend to respond that homosexuality is "always wrong"?

A)Around 20%
B)Around 40%
C)Around 60%
D)Around 80%

Question 56

Gay males report that during childhood, they _____________________ than their heterosexual peers.

A)were more sensitive
B)cried more
C)had more artistic interests
D)All of the above

Question 57

Simon LeVay's research on brain differences of heterosexuals and homosexuals

A)found no differences in the brains of gays and straights.
B)suggests a correlation between brain differences and sexual orientation.
C)found that homosexuals have a third hemisphere in their brains.
D)proves brain differences are the cause of homosexuality.

Question 58

All of the following are True in comparing butch lesbians with femme lesbians, EXCEPT

A)butch lesbians were significantly more likely than femme lesbians to recall gender-atypical behavioral preferences in childhood.
B)butch lesbians were more likely to have a higher (male-typical)waist-to-hip ratio than those of femme lesbians.
C)butch lesbians had an increased history of experiencing sexual violence than did femme lesbians.
D)butch lesbians had higher testosterone levels in their saliva than did femme lesbians.

Question 59

In adulthood, testosterone appears to have activating effects. Which of the following describes these activating effects?

A)Adults' level of testosterone affects their preference for partners of the same or the other sex.
B)Adults' level of testosterone affects the intensity of sexual desire and the direction of that desire toward partners of the same or the other sex.
C)One's adolescent levels of testosterone affect the probability of developing a homosexual sexual orientation.
D)Adults' level of testosterone affects the intensity of their sexual desire but not the direction of that desire toward partners of the same or the other sex.

Question 60

Research from Sweden reports evidence that gender identity and sexual orientation can develop

A)prior to conception..
B)during the intrauterine period.
C)during the birth process.
D)during the first two years of life.

Question 61

The city in which gay people have been most politically effective is

A)San Diego, CA.
B)Portland, OR.
C)San Francisco, CA.
D)Washington DC.

Question 62

Which of the following statements best characterizes President Clinton's 1993 policy regarding gays in the military?

A)The policy admits gays into the military but their advancement in rank is limited.
B)Gay men and women may serve as enlisted members but not as officers.
C)Gay men and women must be admitted and allowed to reveal their sexual orientation if they so desire.
D)Gay men and women can serve but are prohibited from revealing their sexual orientation.

Question 63

Sodomy laws prohibit

A)"unnatural" sexual acts, except between consenting adults.
B)"unnatural" sexual acts with children only.
C)"unnatural" sexual acts, even between consenting adults.
D)"unnatural" sexual acts with people of the opposite sex only.

Question 64

Which of the following institutions now has the clearest policy of discrimination against gays and lesbians?

A)The United States Post Office
B)The United States State Department
C)The United States military
D)The United States Social Security System.

Question 65

At one time in our history, every state in the U.S. had ____________ laws on the books that prohibited consenting adults from engaging in specific sexual behaviors.

A)antisexual
B)anticensorship
C)tort
D)sodomy

Question 66

In 2003, the Supreme Court overthrew a law against "deviant sexual intercourse with another individual of the same sex." This law was from what state?

A)Georgia
B)Texas
C)Washington
D)Oklahoma

Question 67

Which of the following is True regarding President Clinton's "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy for gay men and lesbians in the armed services?

A)It was so unsuccessful that it was eventually removed from army regulations.
B)It was a compromise on his campaign pledge to permit gay men and women to serve openly in the armed forces.
C)It does not allow gays and lesbians to serve in the armed forces.
D)It was fully supported and appreciated by those who serve in the armed forces.

Question 68

The following descriptions of mental disorders comparing homosexuals to heterosexuals are True, EXCEPT

A)homosexual males are more likely than heterosexual males to have eating disorders (bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa).
B)homosexual males and females are more likely than heterosexuals to experience feelings of anxiety and depression.
C)heterosexual females are more likely than homosexual females to suffer from feelings of depression.
D)homosexual males and females are more prone to suicide than are heterosexuals.

Question 69

Regarding attitudes toward homosexuality in the United States in recent years, ________ of Americans believe same-sex sexual behavior is wrong, and ________ of Americans believe homosexual people should have equal rights.

A)the majority; the majority
B)the majority; a small percentage
C)a small percentage; the majority
D)a small percentage; a small percentage

Question 70

Which of the following accurately describes Americans' beliefs whether homosexual individuals are born gay or if they choose to become gay?

A)Over the last several decades, Americans have become more likely to believe that homosexuals are born gay, even though this belief is still only held by a minority of Americans.
B)The majority of Americans believe that homosexuals are born gay.
C)Over the last several decades, Americans have aligned their beliefs about the causes of homosexuality with the research evidence showing a strong biological role in its development.
D)Over the last decade, Americans have become more likely to believe that homosexuality is a choice and not an inborn trait.

Question 71

The first state in the U.S. to legalize marriage for same sex couples was

A)Ohio.
B)Maryland.
C)Massachusetts.
D)California.

Question 72

Which of the following states has legalized gay marriage as of the end of 2012?

A)Texas
B)Iowa
C)Utah
D)Ohio

Question 73

Among Mexican Americans, ________ tend to have more negative attitudes than ________.

A)those without children; those with children
B)younger adults; older adults
C)women; men
D)men; women

Question 74

During the 1980s and 1990s, what became the key topic for gay activists in the United States?

A)Social security coverage
B)HIV and AIDS
C)Equal pay for equal work
D)Equal employment opportunities

Question 75

According to the text, all of the following countries extended full marriage rights to same-sex couples as of 2009, EXCEPT

A)Netherlands.
B)Belgium.
C)Canada.
D)Mexico.

Question 76

The beginning of the current gay rights movement in the United States is usually traced to the

A)first Gay Pride parade in Baltimore.
B)murder of Harvey Milk in San Francisco.
C)civil rights marches in Washington DC.
D)Stonewall riot in New York City.

Question 77

In 2011, President Barack Obama

A)decriminalized all gay behavior
B)gave gay males and lesbians the right to openly serve in the military.
C)made gay marriage legal in every state.
D)revealed that his brother was gay.

Question 78

In 2012, what percentage of Americans were willing to have legalized gay and lesbian marriage?

A)10%
B)20%
C)40%
D)60%

Question 79

Polls in America in 2009 find about ________ of Americans support gay marriages.

A)5%
B)15%
C)20%
D)40%

Question 80

Which of the following statements about attitudes toward homosexuality in America today is most accurate?

A)The majority of Americans believe that same-sex sexual behavior is not wrong.
B)Younger Americans are more likely to agree that gay people should be allowed to get married than are older Americans.
C)Americans over the last decade have become more negative in their attitudes toward equal rights for homosexual individuals.
D)Americans' attitudes toward gay marriage have become more negative since homosexuals have begun to push for legalized gay marriages.