Deck 13: Methods of Therapy

Question 1

The first mental institutions were located within

A)monasteries.
B)hospitals.
C)castles.
D)warehouses.

Answer 1

monasteries.

Question 2

__________ therapies are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud.

A)Gestalt
B)Psychodynamic
C)Client-centered
D)Behavioral

Answer 2

Psychodynamic

Question 3

Psychotherapy is helpful for dealing with

A)severe psychological disorders, like schizophrenia.
B)mild adjustment problems, such as a change in employment.
C)dysfunctional habits, such as drinking.
D)any of these

Answer 3

any of these

Question 4

Tom was a WWII veteran who exhibited posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression. He was hospitalized in 1951 for his problems. Most likely, Tom went to a(n)

A)outpatient clinic.
B)mental hospital.
C)monastery asylum.
D)country estate.

Question 5

You have consulted a therapist because of psychological difficulties. Your therapist has you lie down on a couch in a slightly darkened room and encourages you to say anything that comes to mind while he says little or nothing for session after session. You have selected a __________ therapist.

A)psychodynamic
B)behavioral
C)gestalt
D)client-centered

Question 6

By the end of the 21st century, most people with psychological disorders in the United States will live in

A)the community.
B)asylums.
C)mental hospitals.
D)therapeutic communities.

Question 7

A therapist's relationship to a client is impacted by the

A)therapist's theoretical approach.
B)client's perspective.
C)interaction of the therapist's theoretical approach and the client's perspective.
D)none of these

Question 8

The function of early asylums was to

A)provide a place to store the mentally ill.
B)treat individuals with psychological disorders.
C)spiritually cleanse those with abnormal behavior.
D)house new slaves.

Question 9

The earliest form of "treatment" for psychological disorders was based on the belief that mental illness was caused by

A)blood.
B)genetics.
C)food poisoning.
D)demons.

Question 10

Marley's therapist is treating her fear of flying by having her watch a type of video game in which she watches herself get onto a plane and take a pretend trip overseas. This could be a type of _______ therapy.

A)virtual
B)video
C)in vivo
D)systematic desensitization

Question 11

By the mid-1950s, most people diagnosed with psychological disorders in the United States lived in

A)the community.
B)asylums.
C)mental hospitals.
D)therapeutic communities.

Question 12

One economic consideration of psychoanalysis is that

A)it usually ends within a month.
B)it typically extends for months or years.
C)there are 10 predetermined meetings and it ends.
D)the hourly rate is usually less than traditional therapy.

Question 13

Hannah's therapist believes her anxiety is the result of unconscious impulses breaking through to the conscious level. Her therapist endorses the _________ perspective.

A)behavioral
B)psychodynamic
C)cognitive
D)humanistic

Question 14

The first asylums failed and aggravated the conditions of the mentally ill because

A)the doctors were cruel.
B)the conditions were overcrowded and there was no treatment.
C)the patients refused treatment.
D)the patients were released too soon.

Question 15

A patient in the 1970s who exhibited schizophrenia was likely to experience

A)community mental health services.
B)monastic asylums.
C)long-term institutionalization.
D)all of these

Question 16

Psychodynamic therapies assume most problems arise from

A)unresolved reinforcements and punishment contingencies.
B)the relationship of schema and sex roles.
C)early childhood experiences and internal conflict.
D)a misunderstanding of the roles of parents.

Question 17

The aim of psychodynamic treatment is

A)behavioral change.
B)increased self-esteem.
C)peace of mind.
D)insight.

Question 18

Reformers, who attempted to change the manner in which patients with abnormal behavior were treated, include

A)Dorothea Dix.
B)William Tuke.
C)Philippe Pinel.
D)all of these

Question 19

Psychotherapy is used to affect the client's

A)actions.
B)emotions.
C)thoughts.
D)all of these

Question 20

__________ led efforts in the United States to improve the conditions for people with psychological disorders.

A)Philippe Pinel
B)William Tuke
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Dorothea Dix

Question 21

Freud proposed the concept of ______________ to describe the spilling forth of psychic energy that had been repressed by feelings of guilt.

A)resistance
B)catharsis
C)id
D)superego

Question 22

According to Freud, __________ represent(s) aggressive and sexual impulses in a way that varies with one's cultural background.

A)dreams
B)lifestyles
C)superego
D)ego

Question 23

While psychodynamic approaches focus on the unconscious level of experience, the humanistic-existential perspective focuses on the __________ level of experience.

A)interpersonal
B)conscious, subjective
C)objective, observable
D)irrational

Question 24

A client accuses their psychoanalyst of sounding just like their father. This client is exhibiting

A)transference.
B)resistance.
C)catharsis.
D)association.

Question 25

You are a psychodynamic therapist. Your client reports a dream in which she is flying. You will define flying as the __________ of the dream.

A)interpretation
B)latent content
C)manifest content
D)unconscious

Question 26

Psychoanalysts define resistance as when a client

A)only wants to discuss family conflict.
B)begins to treat the therapist like a parent.
C)shows hesitance or reluctance during a free association session.
D)will not pay for therapy.

Question 27

The psychoanalytic method explains difficulties with the free association method as based on the client's __________ to threatening unconscious material.

A)abreaction
B)resistance
C)impulse
D)confession

Question 28

John is having a dream about a pizza. The pizza is running after him and throwing pepperonis at him. When one of them hits John, he gains weight. According to Freudian dream theory, the fact that the dream represents John's fear of gaining weight is part of the dream's ___________ content.

A)latent
B)manifest
C)sexual
D)repressed

Question 29

Second generation psychoanalysts include all of the following except

A)Adler.
B)Horney.
C)Rogers.
D)Erikson.

Question 30

Psychodynamic therapy is to _______ as humanistic-existential is to _______.

A)conscious; unconscious
B)present; past
C)unconscious; conscious
D)rational; irrational

Question 31

A client dreams of drowning in a swimming pool. According to psychoanalysis, this is the _______ of the dream.

A)latent content
B)primary content
C)secondary content
D)manifest content

Question 32

During a therapy session, Harry yells at his therapist, "You need to quit nagging me so much!" Freud might consider this an example of

A)free association.
B)dream analysis.
C)transference.
D)identification.

Question 33

You are a modern psychodynamic therapist. You will be more directive than a traditional psychoanalyst, and you will focus on the __________ more than the id.

A)ego
B)latent content
C)the unconscious
D)superego

Question 34

Humanistic therapies are focused on

A)strengthening the ego.
B)weakening self-control.
C)reducing ties to toilet training.
D)strengthening the self.

Question 35

Modern psychoanalysis is to _________ as Freudian psychoanalysis is to _______.

A)rational; irrational
B)unconscious; conscious
C)nondirective; directive
D)id; ego

Question 36

Comparatively speaking, Freud was ________ about people while Rogers was __________.

A)happy; sad
B)confident; insecure
C)pessimistic; optimistic
D)optimistic; pessimistic

Question 37

Which of the following would best qualify as a "phallic symbol?"

A)A laptop computer
B)A baseball
C)A cigar
D)A chair

Question 38

Freudian psychoanalysis is to _______ as modern psychoanalysis is to _______.

A)ego; id
B)id; ego
C)id; superego
D)ego; superego

Question 39

A goal of psychoanalysis was to strengthen the psychic structure that Freud called the

A)id.
B)ego.
C)superego.
D)conscience.

Question 40

According to Freud, unconscious impulses tend to be expressed in dreams as a form of

A)fantasy.
B)resistance.
C)wish fulfillment.
D)repression.

Question 41

In client-centered therapy, the therapist tries to set aside his or her own values and experiences and view the world through the client's

A)frame of reference.
B)neurosis.
C)unconscious impulses.
D)wish fulfillment.

Question 42

Behavior modification is another term for

A)classical conditioning.
B)Gestalt directive therapy.
C)behavior therapy.
D)nondirective therapy.

Question 43

A therapist is helping a client ascertain what rewards are maintaining the client's drinking habit so a modification plan can be devised. This is an example of _______ therapy.

A)client-centered
B)cognitive
C)behavioral
D)psychodynamic

Question 44

A Gestalt therapist corrects her client when he says, "She makes me mad!" The therapist explains that the client must

A)take responsibility for his feelings.
B)find someone else to blame.
C)forget about the anger and move on.
D)change his body language.

Question 45

Client-centered therapy is to _______ as Gestalt therapy is to _______.

A)directive; nondirective
B)nondirective; directive
C)objective; subjective
D)present; past

Question 46

Which quote would best reflect the goal of humanistic therapy?

A)"Life is just a bowl of cherries."
B)"Be all that you can be."
C)"I wanna hold your hand."
D)"Cross at the corner and wear white at night."

Question 47

Unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness are important qualities for a __________ therapist.

A)psychoanalytic
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)client-centered

Question 48

__________ originated client-centered therapy.

A)Erik Erikson
B)Alfred Adler
C)Fritz Perls
D)Carl Rogers

Question 49

Which of the following quotes best describes the philosophy of Gestalt therapy?

A)"The whole nine yards."
B)"The sum of all fears is equal to the sum of one."
C)"The whole is different from the sum of its parts."
D)"All of me. Why not take all of me?"

Question 50

Humanistic-existential therapy is to _______ as behavior therapy is to _______.

A)habits; insight
B)emotions; actions
C)doing; feeling
D)actions; emotions

Question 51

Joan's therapist acknowledges her pain regarding the loss of her home and explains how he might feel the same way if confronted with a similar situation. Joan's therapist is demonstrating

A)genuineness.
B)conditional regard.
C)conditions of worth.
D)all of these

Question 52

While traditional psychoanalysis focused on the client's past experiences, the humanistic-existential therapist tends to focus on

A)the present.
B)the future.
C)inner conflict.
D)social conditions.

Question 53

Behavior therapy applies the principles of _______ to modify behavior.

A)dynamics
B)cognition
C)avoidance
D)learning

Question 54

Ben's therapist believes that Ben has ignored his desire to go to college because his family always wanted him to join them in their restaurant business. This has held him back from achieving his full potential. Ben's therapist uses the _______ approach to therapy.

A)psychoanalytical
B)client-centered
C)rational emotive
D)cognitive

Question 55

Both client-centered and Gestalt therapies focus on

A)the past.
B)the here and now.
C)the unconscious.
D)the parent-child relationship.

Question 56

Behavior therapy uses the principles of ______________ to promote desired behavior change.

A)conditioning
B)hypnosis
C)positive regard
D)insight

Question 57

Both client-centered and Gestalt therapy aim to help clients

A)integrate conflicting parts of their personalities.
B)gain access to repressed material in the unconscious.
C)experience catharsis.
D)overcome pessimism.

Question 58

Your therapist is accepting and warm. You are encouraged to feel good about yourself and to make choices that develop your potential. Your therapist uses a(n) __________ approach to treatment.

A)psychoanalytic
B)ego analytic
C)client-centered
D)behavioral

Question 59

According to Rogers, the basis for psychological problems is

A)unconscious conflicts.
B)childhood experiences and internal conflicts.
C)roadblocks to self-actualization.
D)a focus on the here and now.

Question 60

Perls used the term ________ to indicate integration of the conflicting parts of personality.

A)dialogue
B)top dog
C)role
D)Gestalt

Question 61

Behavior therapy methods for fear reduction include all of the following except

A)aversive conditioning.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)flooding.
D)modeling.

Question 62

Systematic desensitization procedures assume that fear is a(n) __________ response.

A)conditioned or learned
B)unconscious
C)rational
D)evolutionary

Question 63

When a painful or aversive stimulus is paired with unwanted desires to change a habit by making it less desirable, this is called

A)counter conditioning.
B)aversive conditioning.
C)flooding.
D)extinction.

Question 64

Your client suffers with claustrophobia and can't get on the elevator at her place of employment. You help her construct an approach hierarchy to work toward riding the elevator. Your client is trained in relaxation before the approach hierarchy is used. This method is indicative of

A)modeling.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)aversive conditioning.
D)flooding.

Question 65

Flooding, systematic desensitization, and modeling are behavioral methods for reducing

A)fear.
B)id-ego conflict.
C)interpersonal conflict.
D)psychosis.

Question 66

According to the results of therapy using systematic desensitization, as self-efficacy increases,

A)fear decreases.
B)fear increases.
C)self-actualization decreases.
D)anxiety increases.

Question 67

According to behavior modification, if a habit is not reinforced, it will become

A)extinguished.
B)repetitive.
C)stronger.
D)none of these

Question 68

Modeling relies on

A)insight.
B)conditioning.
C)fear.
D)observational learning.

Question 69

Pairing drug-induced nausea/vomiting or electric shock with unwanted behaviors or impulses is called

A)negative reinforcement.
B)exposure therapy.
C)aversive conditioning.
D)higher-order conditioning.

Question 70

In a classroom with emotionally challenged students, the teacher gives out coupons for appropriate behavior and takes them away for inappropriate behavior. At the end of the day, coupons can be traded for different rewards. The teacher is employing the _______ method.

A)shaping
B)modeling
C)token economy
D)aversive conditioning

Question 71

Systematic desensitization is to _______ as modeling is to _______.

A)fear; relaxation
B)observing; role playing
C)role playing; imagining
D)doing; observing

Question 72

Behavior therapists help clients to become aware of the __________ in which maladaptive behavior occurs.

A)unconscious
B)relationships
C)circumstances
D)guilt reactions

Question 73

Your therapist teaches you progressive muscle relaxation and then works with you to make a list of circumstances that disturb you, from the minor ones up through the worst you can imagine. She is using the behavioral technique called

A)somatic sensitization.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)transference.
D)systematic resistance.

Question 74

A would-be quitter's therapist has him sit in front of a machine that blows smoke in his face while he smokes one cigarette after another. This technique is called

A)extinction smoking.
B)rapid smoking.
C)aversive smoking.
D)none of these

Question 75

Which of the following examples best represents using operant conditioning to change behavior?

A)Using electroconvulsive therapy for depression.
B)Withdrawing attention whenever a child has a temper tantrum.
C)Fostering insight by using examples.
D)Giving your sister money to see a therapist.

Question 76

To treat an alcoholic, the behavior therapist prescribes a pill that the client is to take every day. This medication will cause nausea and vomiting if the client ingests alcohol. This is a(n) _______ technique.

A)counterconditioning
B)extinction
C)aversive conditioning
D)flooding

Question 77

An aversive conditioning technique for those who wish to quit smoking involves

A)electrical shock when the desire to smoke occurs.
B)monetary fines for smoking.
C)smoking until one becomes dizzy.
D)overexposure to inhaled and secondary smoke.

Question 78

One of the most successful techniques for overcoming phobias is

A)aversive conditioning.
B)token economies.
C)systematic desensitization.
D)classical conditioning.

Question 79

Behavior therapists argue that the effectiveness of therapy depends upon specific

A)ego defenses.
B)learning-based procedures.
C)cathartic experiences.
D)directive dialogs.

Question 80

Instead of working on approaching a feared situation like flying, a client observes another individual getting on the plane, taking off, and arriving safely at their destination. This method for overcoming fear responses is called

A)imitating.
B)desensitizing.
C)modeling.
D)flooding.