Deck 1: An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Directing long term changes in the activities of other organ systems is the major function of the ________ system.

A) endocrine
B) cardiovascular
C) respiratory
D) lymphatic
E) digestive

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A chemical imbalance in the blood can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that

A) all organisms are composed of cells.
B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
C) chemical molecules make up cells.
D) blood has magical properties.
E) congenital defects can be life-threatening.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is able to bind to a receptor?

A) any chemical
B) the chemical of the proper structure
C) water
D) carbon dioxide
E) the nearest chemical

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is not a characteristic of life?

A) responsiveness
B) growth
C) decomposition
D) respiration
E) excretion

Question 5

Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?

A) cardiovascular
B) digestive
C) muscular
D) respiratory
E) urinary

Question 6

Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________.

A) function; form
B) form; structure
C) structure; function
D) structure; form
E) growth; form

Question 7

In general, the nervous system does each of the following, except

A) helps to maintain homeostasis.
B) responds rapidly to change.
C) directs long-term responses to change.
D) directs very specific responses.
E) responds rapidly to change and directs very specific responses.

Question 8

Gas exchange is to the respiratory system as absorption of nutrients is to the ________ system.

A) lymphatic
B) urinary
C) digestive
D) cardiovascular
E) urinary and cardiovascular

Question 9

What level of organization is the smallest living level of organization?

A) cellular level
B) chemical level
C) organ level
D) organ system level
E) tissue level

Question 10

Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?

A) integumentary
B) muscular
C) skeletal
D) nervous
E) endocrine

Question 11

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?

A) releases chemicals that affect other organs or tissues
B) produces a more rapid response than the nervous system
C) produces effects that last for days or longer
D) produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time
E) important in regulating organs and tissues

Question 12

What level of organization does a protein belong to?

A) cellular level
B) chemical level
C) organ level
D) organ system level
E) tissue level

Question 13

Which organ system functions in defense against infection and disease?

A) digestive
B) endocrine
C) nervous
D) cardiovascular
E) lymphatic

Question 14

Elimination of excess water, salts and waste products are functions of the ________ system.

A) endocrine
B) digestive
C) respiratory
D) urinary
E) lymphatic

Question 15

The four major tissue types include each of the following except ________.

A) epithelial tissue
B) connective tissue
C) nervous tissue
D) muscular tissue
E) glandular tissue

Question 16

Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most COMPLEX to the SIMPLEST?

A) cellular, tissue, molecular, system, organ, organism
B) molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism
C) tissue, cellular, molecular, organ, system, organism
D) organ, organism, molecular, cellular, tissue, system
E) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

Question 17

________ is the study of life.

A) Anatomy
B) Biology
C) Physiology
D) Cytology
E) Embryology

Question 18

Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?

A) cardiovascular
B) lymphatic
C) respiratory
D) digestive
E) endocrine

Question 19

The central principle of physiology is

A) nutrition.
B) reflexes.
C) homeostasis.
D) stimulation.
E) temperature regulation.

Question 20

Protection from environmental hazards is a function of the ________ system.

A) skeletal
B) muscular
C) integumentary
D) endocrine
E) skeletal and muscular

Question 21

Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe

A) one body part in relation to another.
B) surgical procedures.
C) a supine position.
D) the nervous system.
E) living matter.

Question 22

An anatomical term that means the same as ventral is

A) posterior.
B) inferior.
C) abdominal.
D) anterior.
E) superior.

Question 23

If a response increases a disturbance, the system is classified as a ________ feedback system.

A) deficit
B) negative
C) neutral
D) polarized
E) positive

Question 24

Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region?

A) right hypochondriac
B) right inguinal region
C) left lumbar
D) left hypochondriac
E) upper right

Question 25

The urinary bladder is found in the ________ quadrant and the ________ quadrant.

A) right upper; right lower
B) left upper; left lower
C) right upper; right lower
D) right upper; left lower
E) right lower; left lower

Question 26

The liver is primarily located in the ________ quadrant.

A) right upper
B) left upper
C) right lower
D) left lower
E) hepatic

Question 27

While standing erect, the direction of caudal is

A) upward.
B) downward.
C) laterally.
D) medially.
E) none of these

Question 28

While standing in the anatomical position,

A) front refers to anterior.
B) front refers to ventral.
C) back refers to posterior.
D) back refers to dorsal.
E) all of the above

Question 29

The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed

A) positive feedback.
B) homeostasis.
C) negative feedback.
D) effector control.
E) integration.

Question 30

A person facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the

A) supine position.
B) prone position.
C) anatomical position.
D) frontal position.
E) sagittal position.

Question 31

When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of

A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) nonhomeostatic regulation.
D) diagnostic regulation.
E) fever.

Question 32

The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except the

A) right upper quadrant (RUQ).
B) right lower quadrant (RLQ).
C) left upper quadrant (LUQ).
D) left lower quadrant (LLQ).
E) pelvic quadrant.

Question 33

An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be

A) temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus.
B) sweat glands that increase secretion.
C) regulatory centers that send commands to an effector.
D) effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate.
E) sweat glands that act like effectors.

Question 34

A person is lying on the bed gazing at the ceiling. She is in the ________ position.

A) prone
B) supine
C) anatomical
D) dorsal
E) caudal

Question 35

The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the

A) brain.
B) skin.
C) temperature receptor.
D) positive feedback center.
E) thermostat.

Question 36

A cell or organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n)

A) receptor.
B) thermoregulator.
C) control center (integration center).
D) effector.
E) stimulus.

Question 37

Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks?

A) pelvic
B) cephalic
C) gluteal
D) lumbar
E) thoracic

Question 38

This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal.

A) negative
B) positive
C) neutral
D) depressing
E) all of the above

Question 39

Which of the following terms refers to the foot?

A) cervical
B) brachial
C) antebrachial
D) femoral
E) pedal

Question 40

If a response decreases a disturbance, the system is classified as a ________ feedback system.

A) deficit
B) negative
C) neutral
D) polarized
E) positive

Question 41

The ability of an organism to change behaviors, abilities, or structures to survive is called ________.

Question 42

The thoracic cavity contains the

A) coelom.
B) pericardial cavity.
C) pelvic cavity.
D) pleural cavities.
E) the pericardial and pleural cavities.

Question 43

The muscle known as the diaphragm separates the ________ from the ________.

A) pleural cavity; mediastinum
B) thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity
C) pericardial cavity; pleural cavity
D) abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity
E) pericardial sac; pericardial cavity

Question 44

The chin is ________ to the nose.

A) anterior
B) superior
C) posterior
D) inferior
E) medial

Question 45

The branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the physical relationship among body parts is called ________.

Question 46

The heart is ________ to the lungs.

A) lateral
B) medial
C) posterior
D) proximal
E) distal

Question 47

Which of the following organs is located between the peritoneum and the body wall?

A) stomach
B) kidney
C) urinary bladder
D) large intestine
E) spleen

Question 48

The wrist is ________ to the elbow.

A) proximal
B) distal
C) lateral
D) medial
E) horizontal

Question 49

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?

A) proximal
B) frontal
C) orthogonal
D) transverse
E) sagittal

Question 50

A midsagittal section would pass through the

A) kidney.
B) lung.
C) heart.
D) spleen.
E) leg.

Question 51

Identify a structure located within the mediastinum.

A) pericardial sac
B) small intestine
C) lung
D) spleen
E) stomach

Question 52

Which of the following organs is not contained within the abdominal cavity?

A) stomach
B) small intestine
C) ovary
D) spleen
E) pancreas

Question 53

Because the anatomy and physiology of the body's structures are interrelated, it is often said that "form determines ________."

Question 54

The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the

A) pericardium.
B) peritoneum.
C) pleura.
D) mediastinum.
E) abdomen.

Question 55

The branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions is called ________.

Question 56

Visceral pericardium is located

A) on the heart itself.
B) lining the pleural cavity.
C) on the small intestine itself.
D) on the lung itself.
E) lining the peritoneal cavity.

Question 57

The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the

A) pelvic and thoracic.
B) cranial and sacral.
C) lateral and medial.
D) thoracic and abdominopelvic.
E) dorsal and ventral.

Question 58

The right pleural cavity contains the

A) heart.
B) trachea.
C) left lung.
D) right lung.
E) left lung and right lung.

Question 59

The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called ________.

Question 60

The mediastinum

A) contains the pleural cavities.
B) separates the pleural cavities.
C) contains the pericardial cavity.
D) contains both the pleural and pericardial cavities.
E) separates the pleural cavities, and contains the pericardial cavity.

Question 61

Name the two upper abdominal quadrants and list the organs that lie in each.

Question 62

Give an example of an abnormality or problem at one level of organization, and explain how it affects other levels of organization?

Question 63

Name two organs found in the thoracic cavity.

Question 64

The common name for the patella is the ________.

Question 65

The common name for the pollex is the ________.

Question 66

The common term for the buccal region is the ________.

Question 67

What is homeostatic regulation, and what is its physiological importance?

Question 68

When homeostatic mechanisms fail, an individual will experience the symptoms of ________.

Question 69

A person lying face down is in the ________ position.

Question 70

A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a(n) ________ section.

Question 71

The common term for the carpal region is the ________.

Question 72

Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus.