Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

All of the following are True of epidermal ridges, except that they

A) extend into the dermis.
B) contain increased numbers of free nerve endings.
C) cause ridge patterns on the surface of the skin.
D) produce patterns that are determined genetically.
E) interconnect with the dermal papillae.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The layer of the epidermis that contains abundant desmosomes and dendritic cells is the

A) stratum corneum.
B) stratum lucidum.
C) stratum basale.
D) stratum granulosum.
E) stratum spinosum.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The layer of the skin that provides a barrier against bacteria as well as chemical and mechanical injuries is the

A) dermis.
B) subcutaneous layer.
C) epidermis.
D) stratum corneum.
E) sebum layer.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following question(s):
From what structure does merocrine secretion occur?

A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 9
E) 10

Question 5

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following question(s):
An intradermal injection is administered into which layer?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 6

The layer of dividing cells at the base of the epidermis is the

A) stratum corneum.
B) stratum lucidum.
C) stratum basale.
D) stratum granulosum.
E) stratum spinosum.

Question 7

The type of cells that form the strata in the epidermis are

A) adipocytes.
B) keratinocytes.
C) fibroblasts.
D) melanocytes.
E) dendritic cells.

Question 8

________ are cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system.

A) Dendritic cells
B) Basal cells
C) Merkel cells
D) Squamous cells
E) Melanocytes

Question 9

The tough "horny" superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the

A) stratum corneum.
B) stratum lucidum.
C) stratum basale.
D) stratum granulosum.
E) stratum spinosum.

Question 10

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following question(s):
While walking barefoot on the beach, Joe stepped on a thorn that penetrated through the sole of his foot to the dermis. How many layers of epidermis did the thorn penetrate?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 11

Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following, except

A) hair follicles.
B) sebaceous glands.
C) sweat glands.
D) epidermis.
E) lamellated corpuscles

Question 12

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following question(s):
Which layer is the primary barrier against environmental hazards?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 13

The two components of the integumentary system are the

A) epidermis and dermis.
B) cutaneous membrane and hypodermis.
C) cutaneous membrane and accessory structures.
D) integument and hypodermis.
E) epidermis and superficial fascia.

Question 14

Large quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the

A) stratum corneum.
B) stratum lucidum.
C) stratum basale.
D) stratum granulosum.
E) stratum spinosum.

Question 15

Characteristics of the epidermis include

A) multilayered.
B) flexible.
C) self-repairing.
D) serving as UV radiation protection.
E) all of the above

Question 16

Dandruff is a disorder that results in dry skin flakes forming in the scalp. A common cause of dandruff could be

A) inflammation around sebaceous glands.
B) lack of lamellated corpuscles.
C) overactive sebaceous glands.
D) inactive apocrine sweat glands.
E) inactive merocrine sweat glands.

Question 17

Thin skin contains ________ layer(s) of keratinocytes, and thick skin contains ________ layers.

A) 1; 2
B) 2; 3
C) 3; 4
D) 4; 5
E) 5; 6

Question 18

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following question(s):
Which layer contains most of the accessory organs?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 19

Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system, except

A) protection of underlying tissue.
B) excretion of salts and wastes.
C) maintenance of body temperature.
D) synthesis of vitamin C.
E) provision of sensation.

Question 20

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following question(s):
Which tissue is located in the region labeled "2"?

A) stratified squamous epithelium
B) areolar connective tissue
C) adipose tissue
D) cartilage and blood
E) reticular connective tissues

Question 21

The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves that are closest to the surface of the skin is the ________ layer.

A) papillary
B) reticular
C) epidermal
D) subcutaneous
E) hypodermal

Question 22

The ________ in keratinocytes protects the epidermis and dermis from the harmful effects of sunlight.

A) sebum
B) hemoglobin
C) melanin
D) carotene
E) keratin

Question 23

The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is

A) collagen.
B) melanin.
C) keratin.
D) elastin.
E) carotene.

Question 24

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

A) "goose bumps" are formed.
B) hairs are shed.
C) sweat is released from sweat glands.
D) shivering occurs.
E) the skin changes color.

Question 25

Types of skin cancers include

A) actinic keratosis
B) malignant melanoma.
C) basal cell carcinoma.
D) actinic keratosis and malignant melanoma.
E) squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma.

Question 26

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer.

A) papillary
B) reticular
C) epidermal
D) subcutaneous
E) hypodermal

Question 27

Which of the following is not an effect of ultraviolet radiation?

A) increased activity by melanocytes
B) production of cholecalciferol within epidermal cells
C) wrinkles
D) chromosomal damage in germinative cells or melanocytes
E) hair growth

Question 28

When the hair follicles of the scalp shift from producing terminal hairs to producing club hairs, ________ occurs.

A) baldness
B) hirsutism
C) puberty
D) albinism
E) senility

Question 29

Variations in hair color reflect differences in the pigment produced by

A) keratinocytes.
B) melanocytes.
C) dermal papillae.
D) soft keratin.
E) carotene cells.

Question 30

Each of the following statements concerning hair is True , except one. Identify the exception.

A) The medulla is the soft core of the hair.
B) The cortex of the hair is composed of hard keratin.
C) Terminal hairs are heavy and more darkly pigmented than other types of hair.
D) Club hair is hair that has ceased growing.
E) Scalp hairs grow constantly throughout life.

Question 31

An albino individual lacks the ability to produce

A) melanin.
B) keratin.
C) carotene.
D) perspiration.
E) hemoglobin.

Question 32

All of the following are True of the hypodermis (subcutaneous layer), except it

A) contains many blood vessels.
B) permits independent movement of deeper structures.
C) contains large amounts of adipose tissue.
D) is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.
E) stores energy reserves.

Question 33

A surgical incision parallel to the lines of cleavage

A) closes and heals with relatively little scarring.
B) has a tendency to reopen.
C) heals slower than incisions made perpendicular to the lines of cleavage.
D) does not affect the healing process.
E) requires no sutures.

Question 34

If a fair-skinned person is sunburned, why does his or her skin turn red?

A) The blood flow to the skin increases as part of the inflammatory response.
B) The number of red melanocytes in the skin increases.
C) Melanocytes increase production of red pigments.
D) The blood supply to the skin decreases.
E) Increased heat causes the skin to turn red.

Question 35

The primary pigments contained in the epidermis are

A) carotene and xanthophyll.
B) carotene and melanin.
C) melanin and chlorophyll.
D) xanthophyll and melanin.
E) none of the above

Question 36

Cyanosis signifies that a patient

A) has had too much sun.
B) has been kept out of the sun.
C) has an allergic reaction.
D) has oxygen-starved skin.
E) has been exposed to cyanide.

Question 37

The layer of hard keratin that coats the hair is termed the

A) medulla.
B) cuticle.
C) hair bulb.
D) root.
E) shaft.

Question 38

All of the following are True of the pigment melanin, except that it

A) decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun.
B) is usually some shade of brown or black.
C) protects DNA from the damaging effects of UV radiation.
D) is released through melanosomes.
E) is produced by cells called melanocytes.

Question 39

Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ________ glands.

A) ceruminous
B) apocrine sweat
C) merocrine sweat
D) sebaceous
E) mammary

Question 40

If the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed,

A) the hair produced by the follicle will change from terminal to vellus.
B) the color of the hair will become lighter.
C) the texture of the hair will become coarser.
D) the follicle will lose its blood supply.
E) hair production will not be affected.

Question 41

Earwax is produced by ________ glands.

A) sebaceous
B) apocrine sweat
C) merocrine sweat
D) ceruminous
E) eccrine sweat

Question 42

In a penetrating wound, ________ divide to produce mobile cells that repair the dermis.

A) granulation cells
B) dendritic cells
C) macrophages
D) fibroblasts
E) muscle cells

Question 43

The repair of the epidermis after a wound begins as basal cells produce new

A) elastic fibers.
B) collagen fibers.
C) reticular fibers.
D) dense connective tissue.
E) keratinocytes.

Question 44

Why would an elderly person be more prone to skin infections than a younger person?

A) Skin repairs take longer in the elderly.
B) The epidermis is thinner in the elderly.
C) There are fewer dendritic cells in the skin of the elderly.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 45

Wrinkles in elderly individuals are the result of

A) increased production of epidermis.
B) loss of elastic filaments in the reticular layer of the dermis.
C) increased keratinization of the epidermis.
D) the loss of glands and hair follicles from the skin.
E) decreased thickness of the dermis.

Question 46

At the base of a nail, keratinized skin called the cuticle is also called the

A) eponychium.
B) lunula.
C) hyponychium.
D) cerumen.
E) phalanx.

Question 47

All of the following are True of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands, except that it

A) is more than 99 percent water.
B) contains electrolytes and waste products.
C) helps cool the body when it evaporates.
D) helps to prevent bacteria from colonizing the skin.
E) produces the body odor characteristic of "sweating."

Question 48

Perspiration is produced by ________ glands.

A) ceruminous
B) apocrine sweat
C) merocrine sweat
D) sebaceous
E) mammary

Question 49

Vitamin D₃ formed within the skin has all of these effects on other organ systems, except that it

A) is essential for absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the digestive system.
B) functions as a precursor for the hormone calcitriol in the endocrine system.
C) is essential for bone maintenance.
D) functions in the activation of plasma cells by the lymphatic system.
E) is essential for bone growth.

Question 50

Merocrine sweat glands

A) are compound alveolar glands.
B) produce organic secretions that are metabolized by bacteria to produce body odor.
C) secrete a watery fluid directly onto the surface of the skin.
D) increase in number and activity with aging.
E) primarily function in lubricating the hairs.

Question 51

An important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight is

A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin B.
C) vitamin C.
D) vitamin D.
E) vitamin E.

Question 52

Nail production occurs at the nail

A) body.
B) bed.
C) root.
D) cuticle.
E) hyponychium.

Question 53

Rickets can be prevented by

A) adequate sunlight.
B) dietary intake of cholecalciferol.
C) avoiding sunlight.
D) adequate sunlight and dietary intake of cholecalciferol.
E) dietary intake of cholecalciferol and avoiding sunlight.

Question 54

The effects of aging on the skin include

A) a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands.
B) increased production of vitamin D.
C) thickening of the epidermis.
D) an increased blood supply to the dermis.
E) an increased number of sweat glands.

Question 55

The nail body covers the

A) nail root.
B) nail bed.
C) lunula.
D) free edge.
E) hyponychium.

Question 56

The highest concentration of merocrine sweat glands is found

A) in the axillae.
B) on the chest.
C) on the palms of the hands.
D) on the upper back.
E) surrounding the genitals.

Question 57

Each of the following statements concerning sebaceous glands and sebum is True , except one. Identify the exception.

A) Most sebaceous glands are coiled tubular glands.
B) Most sebaceous glands open into hair follicles.
C) Sebum functions to lubricate the hair and skin.
D) Sebum can function as an antibiotic.
E) Acne involves inflammation of sebaceous glands.

Question 58

Epidermal growth factor exerts which of these effects on the epidermis?

A) promotes cell division
B) stimulates keratin synthesis
C) accelerates tissue repair
D) speeds up glandular function
E) all of the above

Question 59

The ________ glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty.

A) ceruminous
B) apocrine sweat
C) merocrine sweat
D) sebaceous
E) axillary

Question 60

________ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, ________ glands are located wherever hair follicles exist, and ________ sweat glands are found only in a few areas.

A) Sebaceous; merocrine; apocrine
B) Apocrine; merocrine; sebaceous
C) Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine
D) Merocrine; apocrine; sebaceous
E) Apocrine; sebaceous; merocrine

Question 61

A fibrin clot that is formed over a skin wound is called a(n) ________.

Question 62

Scar tissue is the result of

A) large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area.
B) increased numbers of epidermal layers in the area of the injury.
C) a thickened stratum basale in the area of the injury.
D) increased numbers of fibroblasts in the injured area.
E) a lack of sebaceous glands in the injured area.

Question 63

Granulation tissue is composed of

A) clotted blood.
B) an extensive capillary network.
C) fibroblasts.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 64

The substance called sebum is commonly known as ________.

Question 65

Many medications can be administered transdermally by applying patches that contain the medication to the surface of the skin. These patches can be attached anywhere on the skin except the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. Why?

Question 66

The following are stages in the regeneration of skin following an injury.
1) blood clot/scab formation
2) cellular migration
3) epidermis covers granulation tissue
4) epidermis covers scar tissue
The correct order for these events is

A) 1, 2, 3, 4.
B) 4, 3, 2, 1.
C) 4, 3, 1, 2.
D) 3, 4, 1, 2.
E) 2, 4, 1, 3.

Question 67

A new mother notices that her 6-month-old infant has a yellow-orange complexion. Fearful that the child may have jaundice, she takes him to her pediatrician. After examining the child and learning about the infant's diet, the pediatrician declares him perfectly healthy and advises the mother to watch the child's diet. What is likely the cause for the change in skin color?

Question 68

The combination of fibrin clot, fibroblasts, and extensive capillary network that is formed in injured skin is called ________.

Question 69

________ are fine hairs (like "velvet") that lack pigment and cover much of the body surface.

Question 70

________ are coarse pigmented hairs.

Question 71

A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) ________.

Question 72

Melanin is produced by melanocytes within the stratum ________.

Question 73

Explain why the rate of dehydration is greater when a person is immersed in seawater than when in fresh water.

Question 74

________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make the skin appear orange or yellow.

Question 75

Why is regional infection or inflammation of the skin usually very painful?

Question 76

Why is a subcutaneous injection with a hypodermic needle a useful method of administering drugs?

Question 77

Hairs are produced within organs called ________.

Question 78

Provide one beneficial effect of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Question 79

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is termed ________.

Question 80

Skin can regenerate effectively even after considerable damage has occurred because

A) the epidermis of the skin has a rich supply of small blood vessels.
B) stem cells persist in both epithelial and connective-tissue components of the skin even after injury.
C) fibroblasts in the dermis can give rise to new germinal cells in the epidermis.
D) contraction in the area of the injury brings cells of adjacent strata together.
E) cells of the stratum basale cannot migrate to other positions in the skin.