Deck 15: The Special Senses

Question 1

Taste receptors are distributed in which of the following places?

A) surface of the epiglottis
B) surface of the tongue
C) portions of the pharynx
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Olfactory information is first received by which part of the brain?

A) frontal lobe
B) cerebellum
C) parietal lobe
D) cerebrum
E) medulla oblongata

Answer 2

D

Question 3

All of the following are True of olfactory pathways, except

A) they project first to the mamillary bodies and then to the thalamus.
B) the first synapse is in the olfactory bulb.
C) information flows to the olfactory cortex, hypothalamus, and limbic system.
D) they reach the forebrain without first synapsing in the thalamus.
E) they exhibit a considerable amount of convergence.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

All of the following compose the epithelial projections found on the tongue, except

A) fungiform papillae.
B) circumvallate papillae.
C) filiform papillae.
D) gustatory papillae.
E) none of the above

Question 5

The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of

A) light receptors in the eye.
B) mechanoreceptors in the ear.
C) olfactory receptors.
D) lamellated corpuscles.
E) Meissner corpuscles.

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations?

A) sweet
B) peppery
C) sour
D) salty
E) umami

Question 7

Which of the following is not a component of the lamina propria of the olfactory organ?

A) areolar tissue
B) blood vessels
C) nerves
D) olfactory glands
E) none of the above

Question 8

Some neural tissues retain stem cells and thus the capacity to divide and replace lost neurons. Which of these special senses can replace its damaged neural receptors?

A) olfaction
B) audition
C) equilibrium
D) vision
E) none of the above

Question 9

How would a molecule that mimics cAMP affect an olfactory receptor?

A) It would increase sodium permeability.
B) It would open chemically gated sodium channels.
C) It would depolarize the olfactory receptor.
D) It could trigger an afferent action potential.
E) all of the above

Question 10

A patient who experienced head trauma has lost the ability to taste spicy food. You should expect damage to cranial nerve ________.

A) VII
B) III
C) IX
D) V
E) XII

Question 11

Gustatory receptors are located

A) in the eye.
B) in the ear.
C) on the surface of the tongue.
D) in the nose.
E) on the skin.

Question 12

Axons leaving the olfactory epithelium collect into ________ or more bundles that penetrate the cribriform plate of the ethmoid.

A) 4
B) 8
C) 12
D) 15
E) 20

Question 13

The sensory neurons within the olfactory organ are stimulated by ________ in the air.

A) pressure
B) chemicals
C) proteins
D) water
E) dust

Question 14

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate. They synapse on neurons in the

A) medulla oblongata.
B) medial geniculate.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) olfactory bulb.
E) olfactory tract.

Question 15

The taste sensation that is triggered by the amino acids and small peptides is known as

A) sweet.
B) umami.
C) salty.
D) peppery.
E) sour.

Question 16

Olfactory glands

A) house the sense of smell.
B) support the olfactory epithelium.
C) react to aromatic molecules.
D) coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus.
E) group as olfactory bulbs.

Question 17

Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves

A) IX, X, and XI.
B) VII, VIII, and IX.
C) VII, IX, and X.
D) V, VII, and IX.
E) IX, XI, and XII.

Question 18

The largest numbers of taste buds in adults are associated with the

A) pharynx.
B) larynx.
C) filiform papillae.
D) fungiform papillae.
E) circumvallate papillae.

Question 19

Before an olfactory receptor can detect an odorant, it has to

A) contact a specialized olfactory cell.
B) bind to receptors in olfactory cilia.
C) gate open ion channels.
D) respond to applied pressure.
E) be transported to the olfactory bulbs.

Question 20

An adult has approximately ________ taste buds.

A) 50
B) 5,000
C) 500,000
D) 500
E) 50,000

Question 21

Gravity and linear acceleration are sensed in the

A) semicircular canals.
B) cochlea.
C) statoconia.
D) saccule and utricle.
E) organ of Corti.

Question 22

Stimulation of nociceptive receptors within the trigeminal nerve might produce a perception of

A) intensely sweet.
B) intensely sour.
C) quite salty.
D) peppery hot.
E) decidedly bitter.

Question 23

The hair cells of the utricle and saccule are clustered in

A) ampullae.
B) cristae.
C) cupulae.
D) maculae.
E) otoconia.

Question 24

The external ear ends at the

A) vestibule.
B) cochlea.
C) ossicles.
D) tympanic membrane.
E) pinna.

Question 25

Identify the structure labeled "3."

A) cochlea
B) semicircular canals
C) auricle
D) tympanic membrane
E) vestibule

Question 26

Which of these anatomical sequences is correct?

A) tympanum - incus - malleus - stapes - oval window - round window
B) tympanum - incus - malleus - stapes - round window - oval window
C) tympanum - malleus - incus - stapes - oval window - round window
D) tympanum - incus - stapes - malleus - oval window - round window
E) tympanum - malleus - incus - stapes - round window - oval window

Question 27

The auditory ossicles connect the

A) tympanic membrane to the oval window.
B) tympanic membrane to the round window.
C) oval window to the round window.
D) stapedius to the tympanic membrane.
E) otitis to the media.

Question 28

Movement of the endolymph in the semicircular canals

A) produces a rushing sound.
B) allows us to hear low tones.
C) signals rotational movements.
D) signals body position with respect to gravity.
E) signals linear acceleration.

Question 29

The sensory receptors of the semicircular canals are located in the

A) saccules.
B) ampullae.
C) perilymph.
D) utricles.
E) cupulae.

Question 30

Figure 15-1 The Ear
Use Figure 15-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structures labeled "8."

A) cochlea
B) auditory ossicles
C) auricle
D) tympanic membrane
E) vestibule

Question 31

The vibrations received by the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by the

A) auditory ossicles.
B) cochlea.
C) oval window.
D) tensor tympani.
E) stapedius muscle.

Question 32

The senses of equilibrium and hearing are provided by receptors of the

A) membranous endolymph.
B) organ of Schlemm.
C) inner ear.
D) bony labyrinth.
E) perilymph.

Question 33

Figure 15-1 The Ear
Use Figure 15-1 to answer the following questions:
Which structure is known as the vestibule?

A) 6
B) 8
C) 9
D) 10
E) 11

Question 34

Figure 15-1 The Ear
Use Figure 15-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure that is covered up by the stapes.

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 8
E) 9

Question 35

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term ossicles?

A) move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth
B) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
C) bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells
D) tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium
E) seal the oval window

Question 36

The external acoustic meatus ends at

A) the tympanic membrane.
B) the eardrum.
C) the tympanum.
D) A, B, or C
E) none of the above

Question 37

Figure 15-1 The Ear
Use Figure 15-1 to answer the following questions:
Which structure contains the receptors for hearing?

A) 6
B) 8
C) 9
D) 10
E) 11

Question 38

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stapes?

A) moves up and down when the stapedius muscle contracts
B) auditory ossicle attached to tympanic membrane
C) bending it produces receptor potential in hair cells
D) necessary for the static sense of equilibrium
E) seals the oval window

Question 39

The middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx through the

A) auricle.
B) membranous labyrinth.
C) bony labyrinth.
D) auditory tube.
E) auditory meatus.

Question 40

The ________ ear collects sounds waves and transmits them to the ________ ear, which contains auditory ossicles.

A) inner; middle
B) outer; middle
C) outer; inner
D) middle; inner
E) none of the above

Question 41

The structure that supports the organ of Corti is the

A) tectorial membrane.
B) basilar membrane.
C) membranous labyrinth.
D) vestibular duct.
E) tympanic membrane.

Question 42

The frequency of a perceived sound depends on

A) the frequency of stereocilia vibration.
B) the number of hair cells that are stimulated.
C) which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated.
D) the movement of perilymph in the cochlear duct.
E) the frequency of vibration of the tectorial membrane.

Question 43

A structure that is located at the medial canthus and contains glands that contribute to a gritty deposit is the

A) palpebra.
B) lacrimal caruncle.
C) chalazion.
D) Meibomian gland.
E) conjunctiva.

Question 44

The following is a list of the steps that occur in the production of an auditory sensation.
1) The pressure wave distorts the basilar membrane on its way to the round window.
2) Movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the malleus.
3) Displacement of the stereocilia stimulates sensory neurons of the cochlear nerve.
4) Movement of the malleus causes movement of the incus and stapes.
5) Distortion of the basilar membrane forces the hair cells of the organ of Corti toward or away from the tectorial membrane.
6) Movement of the oval window establishes pressure waves in the perilymph of the vestibular duct.
The proper sequence for these steps is

A) 2, 4, 1, 6, 5, 3.
B) 2, 4, 6, 3, 5, 1.
C) 2, 1, 4, 6, 5, 3.
D) 2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 3.
E) 2, 5, 4, 6, 1, 3.

Question 45

All of the following are True of the lacrimal glands, except that they

A) produce a strongly hypertonic fluid.
B) produce most of the volume of tears.
C) produce lysozyme.
D) produce watery, slightly alkaline secretions.
E) are located in recesses in the frontal bones.

Question 46

The palpebrae are connected at the

A) eyelids.
B) lateral and medial canthus.
C) lacrimal caruncle.
D) chalazion.
E) conjunctiva.

Question 47

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term otoliths?

A) move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth
B) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
C) bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells
D) tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium
E) seal the oval window

Question 48

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stereocilia?

A) move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth
B) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
C) bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells
D) tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium
E) seal the oval window

Question 49

The structure that overlies the organ of Corti is the

A) basilar membrane.
B) tectorial membrane.
C) stapedius.
D) perilymph.
E) endolymph.

Question 50

A loud noise causes

A) a large movement of the tympanic membrane.
B) an alerting reaction leading to sympathetic activation.
C) a large number of hair cells to be stimulated.
D) a big pressure pulse entering the cochlear duct at that oval window.
E) all of the above

Question 51

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term basilar membrane?

A) moves up and down when the stapes moves back and forth
B) transmits movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
C) supports the olfactory organ
D) tiny duct necessary for the static sense of equilibrium
E) covers over the oval window

Question 52

Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the

A) auditory ossicles.
B) cochlea.
C) oval window.
D) round window.
E) tympanic membrane.

Question 53

The quantity of neurotransmitter that is released by a hair cell

A) responds to almost any mechanical stimulation of the hair cell.
B) is sensitive to which way stereocilia are bent with respect to the kinocilium.
C) determines if a sensory neuron will be excited.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 54

The ________ convey(s) information about head position with respect to gravity.

A) cochlea
B) utricle
C) ampulla
D) saccule
E) utricle and saccule

Question 55

The palpebrae

A) remove dust and debris.
B) contain tarsal glands.
C) cover and protect the eye.
D) keep the eye lubricated.
E) all of the above

Question 56

A sound with a frequency of 12,000 hertz would

A) be very loud.
B) be barely audible.
C) be high-pitched.
D) be low-pitched.
E) be barely audible and low-pitched.

Question 57

The cell bodies of sensory neurons that innervate the hair cells of the cochlea form the ________ ganglion.

A) vestibular
B) spiral
C) cochlear
D) acoustic
E) auditory

Question 58

Perception of gravity and linear acceleration depends on

A) changes in the pressure exerted by the cupula on hair cells.
B) vibrations of the tectorial membrane striking hair cells.
C) the force exerted by otoliths on hair cells of the maculae.
D) the movement of endolymph within the semicircular canals.
E) all of the above

Question 59

The vestibular nuclei at the boundary of the pons and the medulla function in all of the following, except that they

A) integrate the vestibular information arriving from each side of the head.
B) relay vestibular information to the cerebellum.
C) relay vestibular information to the cerebral cortex.
D) send commands to motor nuclei in the brain stem and spinal cord.
E) send information to the vestibular complex of the inner ear.

Question 60

When an external force bends the stereocilia of the inner ear hair cells,

A) the force is converted into mechanical energy.
B) the hair cells are temporarily damaged.
C) there is a change in the transmembrane potential of the hair cells.
D) dizziness results.
E) the cells become unresponsive.

Question 61

The gelatinous material found in the posterior cavity is the

A) vitreous humor.
B) aqueous humor.
C) ora serrata.
D) perilymph.
E) posterior cavity.

Question 62

An area of the retina that contains only cones and is the site of sharpest vision is the

A) outer segment.
B) inner segment.
C) fovea.
D) optic disc.
E) tapetum lucidum.

Question 63

Figure 15-2 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15-2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "9."

A) suspensory ligaments
B) optic disc
C) sclera
D) fovea
E) pupil

Question 64

The vitreous body

A) fills the anterior cavity.
B) helps to stabilize the eye and give physical support to the retina.
C) is removed and recycled every few hours.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 65

Figure 15-2 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15-2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "14."

A) pupil
B) optic disc
C) sclera
D) fovea
E) suspensory ligaments

Question 66

Figure 15-2 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15-2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the space labeled " 1."

A) posterior cavity
B) posterior chamber
C) pupil
D) anterior chamber
E) iris

Question 67

The ________ covers most of the exposed surface of the eye.

A) conjunctiva
B) cornea
C) iris
D) anterior chamber
E) canthus

Question 68

The part of the eye that determines eye color is the

A) conjunctiva.
B) cornea.
C) iris.
D) pupil.
E) canal of Schlemm.

Question 69

The cornea is part of the

A) fibrous tunic.
B) iris.
C) neural tunic.
D) uvea.
E) fibrous tunic and neural tunic.

Question 70

All of the following are True of the fibrous tunic of the eye, except that it

A) consists of the sclera, limbus, and cornea.
B) provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye.
C) produces aqueous humor.
D) contributes substantial focusing power.
E) is where extrinsic eye muscles insert.

Question 71

Which of the following produces a lipid-rich secretion that prevents the upper and lower eyelids from sticking together at their edges?

A) palpebra
B) lacrimal caruncle
C) chalazion
D) tarsal gland
E) conjunctiva

Question 72

The opening in the iris through which light passes is the

A) conjunctiva.
B) cornea.
C) pupil.
D) anterior chamber.
E) posterior chamber.

Question 73

Which of the following is a function of tears?

A) lubricate the eye
B) wash away debris
C) provide oxygen
D) nourish the cornea and conjunctiva
E) all of the above

Question 74

The space between the iris and ciliary body and the lens is the

A) anterior cavity.
B) posterior cavity.
C) pupil.
D) canal of Schlemm.
E) vitreous body.

Question 75

Figure 15-2 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15-2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "12."

A) pupil
B) optic disc
C) sclera
D) fovea
E) retina

Question 76

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term aqueous humor?

A) gelatinous fluid that fills posterior chamber
B) secreted in bright light
C) constantly produced and recycled
D) converts to vitreous humor with age
E) all of the above

Question 77

The transparent portion of the fibrous tunic is the

A) conjunctiva.
B) cornea.
C) iris.
D) pupil.
E) canthus.

Question 78

The space between the cornea and the iris is the

A) anterior chamber.
B) posterior chamber.
C) canal of Schlemm.
D) aqueous humor.
E) pupil.

Question 79

Figure 15-2 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15-2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "7."

A) choroid
B) optic disc
C) sclera
D) retina
E) cornea

Question 80

Which of the following is True of the vascular tunic of the eye?

A) provides a route for blood vessels and lymphatics that supply tissues of the eye
B) regulates the amount of light entering the eye
C) secretes and reabsorbs the aqueous humor
D) controls the shape of the lens
E) all of the above