Deck 20: The Respiratory System

Question 1

A mucosa consists of

A) an epithelium.
B) an underlying layer of areolar tissue.
C) stratified squamous cells.
D) both an epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue.
E) both an underlying layer of areolar tissue and stratified squamous cells.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The nasopharynx is divided from the rest of the pharynx by the

A) hard palate.
B) soft palate.
C) cribriform plate.
D) internal nares.
E) pharyngeal septum.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The ________ is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

A) nasopharynx
B) trachea
C) oropharynx
D) larynx
E) nasal cavity

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Large airborne particles are filtered by

A) choanae.
B) the soft palate.
C) the respiratory defense system.
D) the nasal sinuses.
E) the nasopharynx.

Question 5

Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system?

A) oropharynx
B) bronchioles
C) larynx
D) bronchi
E) alveoli

Question 6

The auditory tubes open into the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) larynx.
E) nasal cavity.

Question 7

Functions of the nasal cavity include which of the following?

A) filtering the air
B) warming the air
C) humidifying the air
D) trapping airborne particles
E) all of the above

Question 8

The palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) larynx.
E) nasal cavity.

Question 9

The portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose is the

A) nasopharynx.
B) vestibule.
C) internal chamber.
D) conchae.
E) nasal septum.

Question 10

The conchae

A) divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side.
B) provide an opening into the pharynx.
C) provide a surface for the sense of smell.
D) create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus.
E) provide an opening to paranasal sinuses.

Question 11

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

A) upper respiratory tract.
B) lower respiratory tract.
C) lungs.
D) alveoli.
E) bronchioles.

Question 12

The openings to the nostrils are the

A) external nares.
B) internal nares.
C) vestibules.
D) conchae.
E) nasal apertures.

Question 13

The respiratory defense system is important because it

A) helps filter the air.
B) helps warm the air.
C) keeps out debris.
D) keeps out pathogens.
E) all of the above

Question 14

The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli all make up the

A) upper respiratory tract.
B) lower respiratory tract.
C) internal respiratory tract.
D) alveoli of the respiratory tract.
E) respiratory mucosa.

Question 15

The respiratory epithelium of the conducting airways consists of

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B) moist cuboidal epithelium.
C) simple squamous epithelium.
D) ciliated squamous epithelium.
E) surfactant cells.

Question 16

Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following, except the

A) lips.
B) nose.
C) nasal cavity.
D) pharynx.
E) paranasal sinuses.

Question 17

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

A) larynx.
B) glottis.
C) vestibule.
D) pharynx.
E) trachea.

Question 18

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the

A) hard palate.
B) soft palate.
C) cribriform plate.
D) internal nares.
E) pharyngeal septum.

Question 19

________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting individuals of Northern European descent.

A) MRSA
B) Congestive heart failure
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Myasthenia gravis
E) Parkinson's disease

Question 20

Which of the following systems is (are) responsible for gas exchange?

A) urinary
B) respiratory
C) digestive
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 21

Figure 20-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "7."

A) internal nares
B) esophagus
C) glottis
D) oropharynx
E) laryngopharynx

Question 22

Which structure vibrates to produce sound?

A) 5
B) 8
C) 10
D) 11
E) 19

Question 23

Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because

A) there is less resistance to flow.
B) it combines olfaction with respiration.
C) it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air.
D) bacteria won't be inhaled from the oral cavity.
E) it dries out the mouth.

Question 24

________ generally causes a rapid increase in the rate of mucus production in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

A) Exposure to noxious stimuli
B) Exposure to unpleasant stimuli
C) Exposure to allergens
D) Exposure to debris or pathogens
E) all of the above

Question 25

The vocal folds are located within the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) larynx.
D) trachea.
E) bronchi.

Question 26

The larynx contains ________ cartilages.

A) three unpaired
B) three paired
C) a total of nine
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 27

The glottis is

A) the soft tissue that hangs off the end of the soft palate.
B) a flap of elastic cartilage.
C) the opening to the larynx.
D) the opening to the pharynx.
E) part of the hard palate.

Question 28

Which of the following is not a function of the nasal mucosa?

A) humidify the incoming air
B) dehumidify the outgoing air
C) dehumidify the incoming air
D) trap particulate matter
E) cool outgoing air

Question 29

The portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food is the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) aeropharynx.
E) internal pharynx.

Question 30

What is the function of the structures labeled "12"?

A) cause air to swirl within the respiratory passageway
B) improve warming of incoming air
C) create narrow passages
D) help olfaction
E) all of the above

Question 31

A pair of ligaments covered by laryngeal epithelium that function in sound production are the

A) intrinsic ligaments.
B) extrinsic ligaments.
C) ventricular folds.
D) vocal folds.
E) intrinsic laryngeal muscles.

Question 32

Which of the following is not True about the pharynx?

A) shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems
B) nasopharynx is superior
C) oropharynx connects to oral cavity
D) laryngopharynx ends at esophagus opening
E) solids, liquids, and gases pass through

Question 33

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the

A) thyroid cartilage.
B) cricoid cartilage.
C) corniculate cartilage.
D) cuneiform cartilage.
E) epiglottis.

Question 34

Breathing through the nose rather than the mouth is advantageous because

A) air is warmed on inhalation.
B) air is humidified on inhalation.
C) heat loss is reduced on exhalation.
D) water loss is reduced on exhalation.
E) all of the above

Question 35

The paired cartilages that articulate with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage are the ________ cartilages.

A) cricothyroid
B) innominate
C) cuneiform
D) corniculate
E) arytenoid

Question 36

What is the function of the structure labeled "8"?

A) forces air into the lungs
B) causes air to swirl within the respiratory passageway
C) prevents food from entering the larynx
D) acts like a supplementary air pump
E) prevents food from entering the pharynx

Question 37

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage.

A) epiglottis
B) cuneiform
C) corniculate
D) cricoid
E) arytenoid

Question 38

The nasal cavities are divided from one another by the

A) hard palate.
B) soft palate.
C) cribriform plate.
D) internal nares.
E) nasal septum.

Question 39

The largest shield-shaped cartilage of the larynx is the ________ cartilage.

A) thyroid
B) cricoid
C) cuneiform
D) arytenoid
E) epiglottic

Question 40

Figure 20-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "2."

A) olfactory organ
B) oropharynx
C) nasopharynx
D) internal nares
E) nasal sinus

Question 41

The C shape of the tracheal cartilages is important because

A) large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing.
B) large masses of air can pass through the trachea.
C) it facilitates turning of the head.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 42

During swallowing, the

A) solids and liquids are forced into the esophagus.
B) larynx is elevated.
C) epiglottis folds back over the glottis.
D) all of the above

Question 43

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from

A) inability of the respiratory defense mechanism to transport mucus.
B) laryngospasm.
C) production of thick secretions that are difficult to transport.
D) all of the above
E) inability of the respiratory defense mechanism to transport mucus and production of thick secretions that are difficult to transport only.

Question 44

Which of the following statements about the trachea is False ?

A) is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B) is reinforced with C-shaped cartilages
C) contains many mucous glands
D) alters its diameter in response to the autonomic nervous system
E) is reinforced with D-shaped cartilages

Question 45

Contraction of the laryngeal muscles can

A) move the arytenoid cartilages.
B) close the glottis.
C) stretch the vocal folds.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 46

Which of these descriptions best matches the term bronchiolar smooth muscle?

A) accessory muscle of expiration
B) accessory muscle of inspiration
C) primary muscle of inspiration
D) contraction increases airway resistance
E) affects lung compliance

Question 47

What branches from the trachea?

A) terminal bronchioles
B) secondary bronchi
C) tertiary bronchi
D) primary bronchi
E) alveolar ducts

Question 48

Which is greater?

A) the number of lobes in the right lung
B) the number of lobes in the left lung
C) Neither; the number of lobes is usually equal.

Question 49

During a choking episode, most foreign objects are more likely to become lodged in the ________ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.

A) right primary
B) left primary
C) right secondary
D) left secondary
E) None of the above are more likely.

Question 50

Tension on the vocal cords is regulated by the

A) movement of the arytenoid cartilages.
B) extrinsic ligaments.
C) contraction of laryngeal muscles.
D) movement of the arytenoid cartilages and contraction of laryngeal muscles.
E) none of the above

Question 51

The following is a list of some airways.
1) secondary bronchus
2) bronchioles
3) alveolar ducts
4) primary bronchus
5) respiratory bronchiole
6) alveoli
7) terminal bronchiole
The order in which air passes through is

A) 4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6.
B) 4, 1, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6.
C) 1, 4, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6.
D) 1, 4, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6.
E) 2, 4, 1, 7, 5, 3, 6.

Question 52

The adult human trachea is about ________ in diameter and contains ________ tracheal cartilages.

A) 1.0 cm; 15-20
B) 1.0 cm; 10-15
C) 2.5 cm; 15-20
D) 2.5 cm; 40-50
E) none of the above

Question 53

Secondary bronchi supply air to the

A) lungs.
B) lobes of the lungs.
C) lobules of the lungs.
D) alveoli.
E) alveolar ducts.

Question 54

The most superior portion of the lung is termed the

A) base.
B) apex.
C) cardiac notch.
D) hilus.
E) epipleurium.

Question 55

Primary bronchi are to ________ as secondary bronchi are to ________.

A) extrapulmonary bronchi; intrapulmonary bronchi
B) intrapulmonary bronchi; extrapulmonary bronchi

Question 56

The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchial tree is the

A) trachea.
B) bronchiole.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) alveolar duct.
E) bronchus.

Question 57

Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds and produces

A) speech.
B) articulation.
C) phonation.
D) whistling.
E) ululation.

Question 58

The right lung is to ________ as the left lung is to ________.

A) three lobes; two lobes
B) two lobes; two lobes
C) two lobes; three lobes
D) three lobes; three lobes
E) none of the above

Question 59

Which respiratory organ has a cardiac notch?

A) right lung
B) left lung
C) right primary bronchus
D) left primary bronchus
E) both left lung and left primary bronchus

Question 60

The laryngeal cartilage composed of elastic cartilage that prevents entry of solids or liquids into the laryngopharynx when swallowing is the

A) arytenoid.
B) corniculate.
C) cricoid.
D) epiglottis.
E) thyroid.

Question 61

Figure 20-2 Mechanics of Ventilation
Use Figure 20-2 to answer the following questions:
Which muscle(s) produce(s) the movement labeled "1"?

A) rectus abdominis
B) internal intercostals
C) external intercostals
D) diaphragm
E) both rectus abdominis and external intercostals

Question 62

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.
C) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space.
D) movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells.
E) utilization of oxygen.

Question 63

Which of the following muscles might be recruited to increase inspired volume?

A) sternocleidomastoid
B) pectoralis minor
C) scalenes
D) serratus anterior
E) all of the above

Question 64

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

A) less than the pressure in the atmosphere.
B) greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.
C) equal to the pressure in the atmosphere.
D) greater than intraalveolar pressure.
E) less than intrapulmonic pressure.

Question 65

Which muscle(s) contract(s) to cause the movement indicated by the arrows labeled "6" and "7"?

A) rectus abdominis
B) internal intercostals
C) external intercostals
D) diaphragm
E) both rectus abdominis and internal intercostals

Question 66

Boyle's Law of Gases states that

A) the pressure and volume of a gas are equal.
B) as the temperature goes up, the pressure goes up.
C) the total gas pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures.
D) the concentration of dissolved gas is proportional to its partial pressure.
E) if the volume goes up, the pressure goes down.

Question 67

Boyle's law states that gas volume is

A) directly proportional to pressure.
B) directly proportional to temperature.
C) inversely proportional to pressure.
D) inversely proportional to temperature.
E) both directly proportional to pressure and directly proportional to temperature.

Question 68

Figure 20-2 Mechanics of Ventilation
Use Figure 20-2 to answer the following questions:
What is the relationship between the pressures at label "3"?

A) P outside = P inside
B) P outside > P inside
C) P outside < P inside
D) P outside + P inside
E) P outside - P inside

Question 69

Expiratory movements are produced by contraction of the ________ muscle(s).

A) scalene
B) diaphragm
C) internal intercostal
D) external intercostal
E) serratus anterior

Question 70

The interlobular septa divide the lungs into

A) lobes.
B) pulmonary lobules.
C) alveolar sacs.
D) vital capacity and residual volume.
E) visceral pleura and fibrous trabeculae.

Question 71

When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that

A) they are equal.
B) intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric.
C) atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary.
D) atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary.
E) intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric.

Question 72

The unit of measurement for pressure preferred by many respiratory therapists is

A) mm Hg.
B) torr.
C) cm H₂O.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 73

Collectively, the layers through which the respiratory gases diffuse are known as the

A) pulmonary-basement membrane.
B) alveolar-capillary membrane.
C) pleural-basement membrane.
D) macrophages-basement membrane.
E) Type I epithelium.

Question 74

The function of pulmonary ventilation is to

A) remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
B) supply oxygen to the blood.
C) maintain adequate alveolar ventilation.
D) remove air from dead air space.
E) prevent gas exchange in the bronchioles.

Question 75

What pressure will be present in the space labeled "5"?

A) alveolar pressure
B) intrapulmonary pressure
C) subalveolar pressure
D) subatmospheric pressure
E) atmospheric pressure

Question 76

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are

A) bronchioles.
B) terminal bronchioles.
C) pleural spaces.
D) alveoli.
E) interlobular septa.

Question 77

Damage to the type II pneumocytes of the lungs would result in

A) a loss of surfactant.
B) a decreased rate of gas exchange.
C) increased surface tension in the alveoli.
D) increased tendency to alveolar collapse.
E) all of the above

Question 78

Which of the following is greater?

A) the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air
B) the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli

Question 79

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B) moist cuboidal epithelium.
C) simple squamous epithelium.
D) ciliated squamous epithelium.
E) surfactant cells.

Question 80

What is the relationship between the pressures at label "8"?

A) P outside = P inside
B) P outside > P inside
C) P outside < P inside
D) P outside + P inside
E) P outside - P inside