Deck 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Question 1

Theories must exhibit _____, demonstrating that they can be evaluated through observation.[meaning not fully clear to me?]

A) determinism
B) testability
C) validity
D) accuracy

Answer 1

testability

Question 2

The _____ is a method of gaining knowledge in a field that relies on observations of phenomena and allows for tests of hypotheses about these phenomena.

A) representationalist approach
B) biological perspective
C) scientific method
D) embodied cognition approach

Answer 2

scientific method

Question 3

Some investigators are interested in how cognition is associated with brain activity. This represents the _____.

A) embodied cognition approach
B) cognitive-behavioral approach
C) representationalist approach
D) biological perspective

Answer 3

biological perspective

Question 4

Cognitive psychology includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) physical development
B) perception
C) memory
D) attention

Question 5

We use ______ to accomplish everyday tasks.

A) common sense
B) cognition
C) memory
D) language

Question 6

Dr. Johnson performed a study in which participants in one group studied for an exam by acting out the principles in their textbook, and the other group studied by reading the chapters over and over. This most closely illustrates _____.

A) the embodied cognition approach
B) the biological perspective
C) the representationalist approach
D) the

Question 7

Who was one of the first psychologists to study cognition?

A) John Watson
B) Wilhelm Wundt
C) B. F. Skinner
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 8

The _____ approach to the study of cognition views our cognitive processes as providing a means of interacting with the world around us.

A) embodied cognition
B) representationalist
C) behaviorist
D) biological

Question 9

Researchers use _____ to study the way in which neurons are connected in networks in the brain and understand how different cognitive processes work.

A) brain activity
B) connectionist models
C) behavior
D) language

Question 10

Using a computer or information-processing model would most accurately depict which approach to cognition?

A) embodied cognition
B) behaviorist
C) representationalist
D) linguistic

Question 11

The _____ approach asserts that knowledge about the world is represented in our minds such that cognitive processes can operate on the representations.

A) representationist
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) embodied cognition

Question 12

Cognitive psychology is broad, and thus overlaps with many other fields including neuroscience, philosophy, and _______.

A) chemistry
B) economics
C) linguistics
D) physics

Question 13

The study of cognition fell out of favor because of a rise in the field of _____.

A) philosophy
B) neuroscience
C) behaviorism
D) sociology

Question 14

Who coined the term, "cognitive psychology"?

A) Noam Chomsky
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) Ulric Neisser

Question 15

John went to the bank, where he encountered a very rude, grumpy bank teller. Rather than getting angry and being rude back, John was polite through the encounter while thinking, "This person must be going through a difficult time for them to be so rude, so I shouldn't take it personally." This best illustrates _____.

A) determinism
B) testability
C) respect
D) parsimony

Question 16

Dr. Smith believes that overt, observable behavior is the only valid way that we can study people. Dr. Smith is a ______.

A) sociologist
B) behaviorist
C) neuroscientist
D) cognitive psychologist

Question 17

Cognitive psychology arose from which fundamental field?

A) behaviorism
B) sociology
C) biology
D) philosophy

Question 18

A belief in cognitive psychology reemerged following what event?

A) B. F. Skinner suggesting that language is learned through conditioning
B) John Watson's experimentation on Little Albert
C) Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages of development
D) The development of information processing approaches to study the mind and behavior

Question 19

Elizabeth's sister, Meredith, isn't answering her phone when Elizabeth calls. Elizabeth thinks, "Well, either Meredith's phone has been stolen, or the battery died." Reasoning that Meredith's phone likely died, and that her phone wasn't stolen would best illustrate _____.

A) reasoning
B) determinism
C) parsimony
D) testability

Question 20

Dr. Smith is developing a new drug to treat headaches. To test this drug, she develops a study in which one group gets the new drug, and the other gets a placebo, or a fake pill. Dr. Smith measures whether or not headaches improve by giving each participant a survey each day. The survey is the _____.

A) independent variable
B) dependent variable

Question 21

The dependent variable is the factor in an experiment that is manipulated by the researcher.

Question 22

All of the following are ways that cognitive researchers measure mental processing, EXCEPT _____.

A) response time
B) accuracy
C) number of errors
D) speed of hand movements

Question 23

The independent variable is the factor in an experiment that is manipulated by the researcher.

Question 24

How fast is the speed of neuronal transmission?

A) One meter/minute
B) One meter/sec
C) One meter/millisecond
D) One meter/10 seconds

Question 25

Noam Chomsky suggested that language is learned via behavioral conditioning.

Question 26

A scientist notices that people who smoke often develop cancer later in life. To test this, they design a longitudinal study in which they take note of how many cigarettes each participant smokes each day, how long they smoke for, and if they develop any kind of cancer at any point. What type of study is this?

A) An experimental study
B) A correlational study
C) A case study
D) A survey study

Question 27

Wilhelm Wundt coined the term "cognitive psychology" and is considered the father of this field.

Question 28

A researcher is interested in studying how people memorize lists of associated words. The most appropriate dependent variable for an experiment like this would be _____.

A) percent correct
B) response time
C) eye tracking
D) response duration

Question 29

A researcher designs a study to see if height and weight are related. They would use an experimental design to carry out this study.

Question 30

What kind of research methodology focuses on intensive analyses of a single individual?

A) Surveys
B) Case studies
C) Correlational studies
D) Naturalistic observations

Question 31

_____ was a German physiologist who studied the speed of neuronal transmission by attaching electrical wires to the leg muscles of frogs.

A) Herman von Helmhotz
B) B. F. Skinner
C) Ulric Neisser
D) Wilhelm Wundt

Question 32

Dr. Smith is developing a new drug to treat headaches. To test this drug, she develops a study in which one group gets the new drug, and the other gets a placebo, or a fake pill. Dr. Smith measures whether or not headaches improve by giving each participant a survey each day. The drug is the _____.

A) independent variable
B) dependent variable

Question 33

A(n) _____ is designed to simplify the contexts surrounding the behavior of interest, allowing for focused investigation of the impact of a relatively small set of variables.

A) correlational study
B) survey study
C) case study
D) experimental study

Question 34

Neuronal transmission is as fast as the speed of light.

Question 35

If a researcher were interested in studying how one variable relates to another, what research approach would they likely use?

A) A correlational study
B) An experimental study
C) A case study
D) An independent variable

Question 36

Cognitive psychology includes the study of neuroscience, linguistics, attention, and perception.

Question 37

Modern day psychologists accept the study of both behavior and cognition.

Question 38

The representationalist approach arose from the computer and information-processing models of cognition.

Question 39

What methods, other than accuracy and response time, do investigators use to study mental processes?

A) Brain visualization measures
B) Running speed
C) Hand movements
D) Driving skill

Question 40

There can be more than one independent variable in an experimental study.

Question 41

Discuss the differences between an independent variable and a dependent variable. Give an example of each.

Question 42

Compare and contrast the following approaches to cognitive psychology: representationalism, embodied cognition, and the biological perspective.

Question 43

Distinguish between correlational designs and experimental designs.